Lesson 8 The best and the worst Review几个小时之前拿出来充满期待某人做.贵重的礼物珍贵的礼物装有钻石的包裹令某人惊讶的是.a few hours earliertake offbe full of expect sb to do stha valuable presenta precious presenta parcel of diamondsto ones surpriseNew words and expressionscompetitionn.比赛，竞赛neatadj.整齐的，整洁的pathn.小路，小径woodenadj.木头的pooln.水池competition n. 比比赛，竞赛（暗地里的（暗地里的竞争）争）g.Shecamefirstinthebeautycompetition.她在选美比赛中得了第一名。competitionbetween(twoparties)双方之间的比赛competitionwithsbforsth与竞争，角逐competev.kmpi:tcompeteagainst/withsb跟竞争/比赛eg.Wecancompeteagainstanybodyandwecanwin.我们可以与任何人竞争而且能赢得胜利。competitorkmpettn.竞争者，比赛者，对手racen.比赛，竞赛carracematchn.比赛footballmatchcontestn.比赛（更广泛）babycontest宝宝大赛；beautycontest选美game:游戏,运动neat adj. 整齐的, 整洁的，井井有条aneatroom一间整洁的房间aneatgarden一个整齐有序的花园aneatroad一条整洁的小路aneatwriting书写工整cleanadj.干净的，无杂质的cleanhands干净的双手cleanair清洁的空气acleanroom一间干净的房间neatadj.（口语）纯的，不掺水的，没有杂质的aneatwhisky纯威士忌eg.Thatsneat!(Thatsgreat!)太棒了！ path n. 小路，小径小路，小径path市镇中间，住宅之间，沿路有标志的人行道lane1.乡间小径anarrowcountrylane乡村小路2.各自的跑道（田径场上），保龄球球道road路，道路，公路countryroad乡村小路byroad=bycarorbybus表示坐车这种交通方式eg.AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马。 wooden adj. 木木头的的1.木制的awoodenbridgeoverapool在水池上的一个小木桥2.举止行为僵硬而笨拙的awoodensmile一个僵硬的微笑awoodenperformance笨拙的表演wood1.木，木材（不可数名词）eg.Tablesareusuallymadeofwood.桌子通常是由木头制成的。2.woods森林（不如forest大）goforawalkinthewoods在森林中散步pool n. 水池(人工的) 1.水池，水坑，水塘swimmingpool游泳池2.合伙投资eg.Weboughtacomputerbythepool.我们合伙买了一台电脑。lakelek湖pondpnd池塘（尤指供牲口饮水或作为花园之装饰）afishpond养鱼池JoeSandershasthemostbeautifulgardeninourtown.NearlyeverybodyentersforTheNicestGardenCompetitioneachyear,butJoewinseverytime.BillFrithsgardenislargerthanJoes.BillworksharderthanJoeandgrowsmoreflowersandvegetables,butJoesgardenismoreinteresting.Hehasmadeneatpathsandhasbuiltawoodenbridgeoverapool.Ilikegardenstoo,butIdonotlikehardwork.EveryyearIenterforthegardencompetitiontoo,andIalwayswinalittleprizefortheworstgardeninthetown!1、Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.Joesgardenisthemostbeautiful.Billsgardenisthelargest.BillsgardenislargerthanJoes.（比较的东西都是同类的事物joes的“s”不能省略）2、Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time.nearly几乎，差不多（同义词almost）1.二者常用于肯定句中肯定句中间eg.Shefellandnearly/almostbrokeherneck.她摔倒，几乎摔断了脖子。Henearly/almostalwaysarriveslate.他几乎总是迟到。区区别：1.almost可与否定词连用eg.Heatealmostnothing.他几乎什么东西都没吃。eg.Thereisalmostnoroomtosit.这儿几乎没有什么地方可坐。2.nearly+数词eg.Thetopprizeisnearly1000.一等奖几乎是1000英镑。enterfor报名参加（各种竞赛，考试等活动）enter进入entertheroom进入房间enteruniversity进入大学entranceentrnsn.入口takepartin参与eg.Theprofessortooknosmallpartinthediscussion.那位教授根本没有参加讨论。joinin参加，加入eg.MayIjoininyourconversation?我能加入你们的谈话吗？joininthesportsmeeting.参加运动会jointhearmy参军eg.Wontyoujoinusinatennismatch?你加入我们的网球比赛吗?win（won，won）v.赢vi.赢Iwin.Ilose.(输了)vt.赢得winsomething后面往往是奖品,不能接对手Iwinthebook.Iwinthegoldcup.winaprize赢得了一个奖winaprizefor因为而获奖defeat+对手Idefeatyou.3、Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes.名词加-s表示所属关系，构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西，特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词，限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略，只要不引起误解。4、He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.make和build在这里是同义词，“修建，建造”。make的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等”Haveyoumadetheskirtbyyourself?Theyhavemadearoadalongtheriver.【Key structures】形容形容词和副和副词的比的比较级和最高和最高级比较级相当于汉语中“比更”这种句型，最高级则表示在某个范围“最”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the，并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。1、比较级和最高级的构成：单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er，-est，以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i，再加-er，-est以-e结尾的词加-r，-st以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母，再加-er，-est三个或者是三个音节以上（多音节）比较级的构成:more+原级最高级的构成:themost+原级有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er，-est，也可与more/less和most/least连用，如narrow，clever，common，pleasant等。clevercleverermorecleverfunadj.快乐morefun（美国人用）有些构成是不规则的：good/well(betterbest)many/much(moremost)little(lessleast)bad/ill(worseworst)far(fartherfurther,farthestfurthest)（farther:距离上的远和更远，further:程度上的更进一步）old(olderelder,oldesteldest)older比大Sheisolderthansomebodyelder做定语修饰其他名词eldersister(年长的)姐姐2、比较级和最高级的用法在使用比较级时，如果需要把所比较的两项都提到，那么就必须比较级后用than：Myroomiscleanerthantheonenextdoor.如果比较级之所指很清楚，它可独立存在：Whichhousedoyouprefer?Iprefertheolderone.最高级的限定范围一般用of，among，in等介词短语；限定范围也可以是从句；如果范围很清楚，则可以省略。Johnisthetallestofthethreebrother.Thisisthecoldestdayintenyears.MaryisthemostintelligentpersonIveevermet.every构成的合成词every和one，body，thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用，后面的代词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，但它们本身均被视为单数。Everyone/Everybodyknowswhathehastodo.=Everyone/Everybodyknowswhattheyhavetodo.每个人都知道自己必须做什么。Everythingisgoingwell.一切都很顺利。each和every均可译为“每一个”，两者常可互换。every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数Every/EachtimeIwashthecaritrains.Enter and Enter forentervt.&vi.进入enter+地点名词Alwaysknockonthedoorbeforeyouenter.vt.&vi.参加，加入Weveenteredintoanagreement.我们已达成一项协议。Hesoonenteredtheirconversation.enterfor+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词报名参加,强调报名enterfortheexamSheentered(hername/herself)forthemathematicscompetition.她报名参加数学竞赛。takepartin真正的参加Test1） - Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. well B. better C. good D. quite better 答案：B. quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案：D。用所给词的正确形式填空：1.Which is _ (big) ,the sun,the moon or the earth?2.Which is _ (beautiful),the black coart or the blue one?3.This mooncake is _ (cheap) of all.4.He is _ (strong) in the class. 5.English is _(widely)spoken in the world. biggest more beautiful cheapest the strongest the most widely 6. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class.7. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child.wellbetterthe bestthe youngest