线上目录使用者与图书馆员需要什麽Stillwatersrundeep.流流静水深水深,人人静心深心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望線上目錄線上目錄: : 使用者與圖書館員需要什麼使用者與圖書館員需要什麼? ?End-Users expect online catalogs:to look like popular Web sitesto have summaries, abstracts, tables of contentsto help find needed informationLibrarians expect online catalogs: to serve end users information needsto help staff carry out work responsibilitiesto have accurate, structured datato exhibit classical principles of organizationhttp:/www.oclc.org/us/en/reports/onlinecatalogs/default.htm“Users bring expectations developed through Internet use into library environments.” Alison Dellit and Tony Boston, National Library of Australia“Due to the popularity of web search engines . users think they can find everything on a topic with a few well-chosen words.”Roy Tennant“More and more, users want, expect, and pursue full text.” Norm MedeirosWhere does an end users definition of “quality” come from?使用者對品質的定義從何而來使用者對品質的定義從何而來?What factors influence an end usersdefinition of “catalog quality” today?當前是哪些因素影響使用者對目錄品質的定義當前是哪些因素影響使用者對目錄品質的定義?“Dewey arranged books by subject, but Amazon tries to find every way we might want to get from the A of a book we knowto the B, C, and Z of books we dont know, including the fact that lots of other people bought Z.”-David Weinberger, Everything is Miscellaneous, p. 62.The Task Before Us 我們當前的要務我們當前的要務“What is needed now is to integrate the best of both worlds in new, expanded definitions of what “quality” means in library online catalogs.”Online Catalogs reportHow can what technical services does betterreflect what end users want?Objectives of our metadata quality researchObjectives of our metadata quality research此研究報告的目的此研究報告的目的此研究報告的目的此研究報告的目的Start over without assumptions about what “quality” isIdentify and compare metadata expectationsEnd usersLibrariansCompare expectations of types of librarians Define a new WorldCat quality program Taking into account the perspectives of all constituencies of WorldCatEnd users (and subgroups of end users)Librarians (and subgroups of librarians)Research methodologies and Research methodologies and demographicsdemographics研究方法與對象研究方法與對象研究方法與對象研究方法與對象Focus groupsConducted by Blue Bear, LLCThree sessions: College students, general public, scholarsPop-up survey on WorldCat.orgConducted by ForeSee Results11,000+ responses: Students (28%), educators (22%), business professionals (19%), other; mix of ages; 44% from outside U.S.Librarian surveyConducted by Marketing Backup1,397 responses; North America (64%) and outside North America (36%); academic, public, special libraries; staff with roles in technical and public services, ILL, directorsWhat did we learn?What did we learn?End-user focus group resultsEnd-user focus group resultsKey observations:Delivery is as important, if not more important, than discovery. Seamless, easy flow from discovery through delivery is critical.Summaries and tables of contents are key elements of a descriptionImproved search relevance is necessary.What did we learn?What did we learn?End-user focus group resultsEnd-user focus group resultsCasual SearchersUndergraduatesScholarsUser-created lists not usefulUser-created lists usefulUser-created lists not usefulShopper mentality: dont even show me what I cant get nowUser-contributed reviews and ratings usefulReviews and ratings useful if authoritativeStrongest preference for cover artWhat did we learn?What did we learn?End-user focus group resultsEnd-user focus group resultsOther key findings:Keyword searching is king, but Advanced search (fielded searching) is usefulFaceted browse is usefulThese help end users refine searches, navigate, browse, and manage large result sets NEVERTHELESS“End users enter a few short search statements into online IR systems. Generally, their queries bear two to four words.”Karen Markey.Twenty-five years of end user searching, Part 1: Research findings. 2007. http:/deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56093 What did we learn?What did we learn?Pop-up survey suggestionsPop-up survey suggestionsChanges to help identify an item?End users (n=7535)End-user recommendationsEnd-user recommendations使用者的推薦與建議使用者的推薦與建議使用者的推薦與建議使用者的推薦與建議Improve search relevance提升檢索的相關性提升檢索的相關性 Add more links to online full text (and make linking easy)增加線上全文的連結鏈接度增加線上全文的連結鏈接度Add more summaries/abstracts: Make summaries more prominent增加文摘增加文摘, ,摘要與其能見度摘要與其能見度Add more details in the search results (e.g., cover art and summaries)增加檢索結果的詳細度增加檢索結果的詳細度Librarian/staff survey resultsLibrarian/staff survey resultsRecommended enhancements to WorldCatTotal librarian responsesRecommended enhancements to WorldCatTotal end-user responsesEnd-User Results: Recommended Enhancements4Librarian/Staff Results: Highlighted Differences141What did we learn?What did we learn?Librarians Perceptions of What End-Librarians Perceptions of What End-Users WantUsers Want從圖書館員的角度看讀者需求從圖書館員的角度看讀者需求從圖書館員的角度看讀者需求從圖書館員的角度看讀者需求Recommended enhancements to WorldCatWhat did we learn?What did we learn?Librarians Perceptions of What End-Librarians Perceptions of What End-Users Want (2)Users Want (2)Recommended enhancements to WorldCatRecommendations from librarian Recommendations from librarian survey survey 圖書館員的推薦與建議圖書館員的推薦與建議圖書館員的推薦與建議圖書館員的推薦與建議Merge duplicates合併重複的書目記錄合併重複的書目記錄Make it easier to make corrections to records (fix typos; do upgrades); “social cataloging” experimentWikipedia 增強書目信息的正確性增強書目信息的正確性More emphasis on accuracy/currency of library holdings 強調館藏信息的精準度與更新度強調館藏信息的精準度與更新度EnrichmentTOCs, summaries, cover artwork with content suppliers, use APIs, etc. 多方提升豐富書目多方提升豐富書目內內容容More communication about what users say they want 加強與讀者的溝通度加強與讀者的溝通度 了解使用者需要什麼了解使用者需要什麼What Does It Mean For Aligning What My What Does It Mean For Aligning What My Library Library DoesDoes with What Users with What Users WantWant? ?By: David Wulffhttp:/www.flickr.com/photos/dwulff/5357629/Two Starting Points Two Starting Points 兩個起跑點兩個起跑點兩個起跑點兩個起跑點1.Paying attention to whats important about records重視書目信息的重要性重視書目信息的重要性2.Aligning technical services priorities with end user priorities 調整館員與使用者對信息需求的優先次序調整館員與使用者對信息需求的優先次序E-resources, books, media, unique digital collections, special collectionRedesigning workflows重新設計重新設計 workflows“ “Evidence-Based Cataloging”Evidence-Based Cataloging”Assess quality on external measures rather than subjective expert opinionAcknowledge other functions of records besides find (FRBR tasks find, identify, select, obtain)HIlder and Tan research: construct a measure of record quality from empirical research into catalog useJuly-October 2007National Library Board (Singapore) and State Library of Victoria (Australia)Hilder, Philip and Tan, Kah-Ching. 2008. Constructing Record QualityMeasures Based on Catalog Use. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 46:4.“Catalogers need to practice evidence-based cataloging. They need to catalog based on the evidence that they can find for the effectiveness of particular practices, and they need to judge their output according to this evidence.”Based on the Online Catalogs Study, Based on the Online Catalogs Study, Whats Important About Records?Whats Important About Records?Delivery information item availability and links to contentBasic bibliographic informationEvaluative content like summariesFielded indexing (to support advanced search)Faceted browse (based on controlled forms names, topics, tags, etc.)Social features (for some audiences)Start Small, But Start Small, But StartStartRealign our efforts to matchHow collections are changingHow users are changingHow the Web is changingHighwayBy: SFAnttihttp:/flickr.com/photos/sfantti/274905309/Over to youOver to you