即即即即to do to do to do to do ，其否定形式是，其否定形式是，其否定形式是，其否定形式是not to donot to donot to donot to do；不定式；不定式；不定式；不定式没有人称和数没有人称和数没有人称和数没有人称和数的变化。的变化。的变化。的变化。动词不定式动词不定式: :一一.不定式的句法功能不定式的句法功能1.Its normal to cry when we feel sad.(做主语做主语)不定式做主语时不定式做主语时,常用代词常用代词it 来代替不定式结构来代替不定式结构, 这时这时 it 被称为形式主语被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置不定式则被后置.往往放往往放v.和和adj.之后之后.e.g. To learn English well is not easy. = Its not easy to learn English well.Its + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth.1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语：常用句型：常用句型：Its + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是怎样的（对某人来说）做某事是怎样的形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语=To work out the problem is difficult for me.Its difficult for me to work out the problem.=Working out the problem is difficult for me.e.g. 对我来说解答出这道题是很难的。对我来说解答出这道题是很难的。2. The best way to learn English is to read loudly.(做表语做表语)可与可与be动词构成系表结构动词构成系表结构.Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school.My job is to clean the streets.在形式上，位于在形式上，位于系动词系动词后的就是表语。从含后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么是什么” 的语法的语法成分。成分。 2. 不定式做表语：不定式做表语：常放在常放在be动词动词后，表明主语后，表明主语“是什么是什么”。e.g. Our plan is to go there by plane. 我们的计划是乘飞机去那儿。我们的计划是乘飞机去那儿。 （主语和表语指代的是同一事物）（主语和表语指代的是同一事物） 1.My job is _computers.A.to selling B. sell C. to sellB.2. Her hobby is _ (play) football.to play= Her hobby is playing football.3.I want to buy a ticket.(做宾语做宾语)接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是want , plan , hope , decide , begin , start. need , wait ,would like .hate. refuse. wish . prefer , learn. try. like .agree ,fail. be able to do, do/try ones best to do 等等.e.g. They decided to try again.The little boy wanted to get to school before 8 oclock.3. 不定式做宾语：即动词不定式做宾语：即动词+to do的结构中，这里的的结构中，这里的to do就是做宾语就是做宾语1.My friends want _(book) some tickets to the movie for us.2. My parents decide _ (give) me more money.3. He plans _ (go) to Beijing for a holiday.4. The boy hopes _ (pass) the English exam.5. My little son is able _ (read) some words.6. Ill try my best _ (help) you.7. She would like _ (become) beautiful.4.Kangkang helped us to learn English.动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的动词有常见的动词有 tell , ask , get, want , would like , wish , teach , help , order ,invite, get, allow, send, lead 等等.常构成下面的句式：常构成下面的句式： V + sb. + to do 其否定形式为：其否定形式为： V +sb. not +to do(做宾语补足语)She told me not to give the book to him. I asked Paul to carry the box.4. 不定式做宾语补足语：即动词不定式做宾语补足语：即动词+sb. +to do的结构的结构中，这里的中，这里的to do就是做宾语补足语就是做宾语补足语1.Dont ask Jim _(go) swimming with us, because his mother wont allow him _(do) so.2. Does you mother wish you _a doctor? A. being B. to be C. become3. My teacher always tells me _ (study) hard.4. I dont want you _ (help) me.5. Shed like me _ (join) them.6. I wish you _ (have) a good time.My best friends teach me _ (swim).8. Her friend often invites her _ (have) dinner.9. My mother always gets my father _ (do) housework.10. I order you _ (wash) your hands 但使役动词（但使役动词（let .make .have)和感官动词和感官动词(see .watch.look at .hear. feel)的宾补常省略的宾补常省略to即：即：V. +sb. +do He often makes his sister wash his clothes.I see the little girl run into the school.1. When they went into the park, they saw someone _ Chinese Kongfu . A.plays B. played C. to play2.Mr. Brown made his students _ the new words again.A.copying B. copy C. to copy3.Please let the students_ down. A. sitting B. to sit C. sit4.Is Wei Fang good at singing? - Yes, she is. We often hear her _ in her room. A.to sing B. sing C. sings 5. I get up early to catch the bus.(做目的状做目的状语语)不定式作状语一般表示目的，原因或结果不定式作状语一般表示目的，原因或结果I am sorry to hear that.Lets stop to have a rest.The orange are too high to reach. She didnt work hard enough to pass the exam.(表原因表原因)(表目的表目的)(表结果表结果)5. 不定式做状语：常用来表示目的，原因或结果。不定式做状语：常用来表示目的，原因或结果。1.She sells flowers _ make money.2. A. made B. make C. to make2.The room is not big enough _. A.to live in B. for living C.to live3. Im sorry _ you . A.hit B. to hit C. hittingB.4. He is too young _ (go) to school.6. 作定语作定语(后置）后置）I have something _ 要说要说.2.She has a lot of work _做做 every day .3. The old man has a house _ 住住.4. She is a nice person_ 谈谈话话 .to say to doto live into talk with6. 不定式做定语：用来修饰前面的名词或者不定代词。不定式做定语：用来修饰前面的名词或者不定代词。注意：注意： 他在找一个房间住。他在找一个房间住。没什么可担心的。没什么可担心的。 请给我把笔来写东西。请给我把笔来写东西。He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry aboutPlease give me a pen to write with不定式和宾语之间有时候必须加上不定式和宾语之间有时候必须加上相应的介词相应的介词，才能构成完，才能构成完整的动宾关系。整的动宾关系。7. 疑问词疑问词+ to do 构成短语。构成短语。We dont know when to leave Beijing.Can you show me how to swim.He didnt tell me when to leave.1.Joe is teaching Alice _the chair. A.how mend B. how mending B.C. how to mend2. I dont know what_ (do) next. 3. Could you tell me when _ (have) dinner?8. 在学习不定式中在学习不定式中,我们需要注意些什么呢我们需要注意些什么呢?1）记住基本形式）记住基本形式:to do 否定否定: not to do 2） to do 是非谓语动词是非谓语动词,没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化,不能充不能充当谓语当谓语. 但可以和系动词构成系表结构但可以和系动词构成系表结构.如如: My dream is to be a doctor.3）感官动词感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等和等和使役动词使役动词make, let等接等接do作宾语补足语时作宾语补足语时,do 称为称为不带不带to的不定式的不定式如如: Do you often see him play tennis on the playground?4）充当）充当后置定语时后置定语时,要特别注意动词的不定式短语中要特别注意动词的不定式短语中的介词不能省去的介词不能省去.如如: The old man have no house to live in.8. 只能跟只能跟ving 的动词：的动词：vfinish, enjoy, mind, keep(on), practise, feel like(want), be busy doing . give up, look forward to doing, cant help doing, 1. I cant help _ (cry) . 2. He didnt finish _ (do) homework. 3. Would you mind _ (close) the window. 4. Every day Mary practise _ (speak) English. 5. Kangkang is busy _ (watch) TV now. 6. I look forward to _ (hear) from you. 7. They keep _ (play) basketball. 8. My sister feels like _ (eat) ice cream.9. 既可以跟动词不定式既可以跟动词不定式 又可以跟又可以跟Ving 的几组动词的几组动词v而意思无太大区别的：而意思无太大区别的：vlike to do vlike doing vprefer. hate begin start .10. 注意注意Stop to do 与与stop doing ：vstop to do 指的是：停下其它的事情，去做指的是：停下其它的事情，去做不定式的动作。不定式的动作。We are so tired. Lets stop to have a rest. 我们太累了，让我们停下来休息一会儿吧。我们太累了，让我们停下来休息一会儿吧。Stop doing是指停下来正在做的事情。是指停下来正在做的事情。 The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. 1.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested 2.B. resting C. to rest D. rest2. Its time for class ,please stop_(talk)3. He stopped _(say)hello to me when he saw me.4. Its too late,lets stop_(work)5. He stopped_(cry) when seeing his mother.C Ctalkingto sayworkingcryingremember to do 记得要去做记得要去做remember doing 记得曾经做过记得曾经做过 Please remember to bring your book with you tomorrow. I remember bringing my book this morning. forget doing 曾经做过这件事，但后来忘了曾经做过这件事，但后来忘了 forget to do 忘记要做一件事忘记要做一件事 （根本没做）（根本没做）vI often forget to turn off the light, but I remember turning it off last night.1. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come tomorrow. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking2. - Do you still remember _ me somewhere in Beijing? - Yes, of course. Two years ago. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw3.Remember _(not be) late next time!11. find it+adj+to do =find (that) it is to do. think itto do =think (that) it is adj+to do sth. I found it easy to learn English. =I found it is easy to learn Enlish.Exercise:I felt it hard _(give) up _(smoke)12. Its time to do sth.Its ones duty to do sthIts ones turn to do sth Take turns to do sth.It takes sb some time to do sthIt costs sb some money to do sth主语主语+ adj to do sth 1.It cost me 5 yuan _ (buy) the book yesterday.2.It will take him 8 minutes _ (get) there.3.We take turns _ (clean) the classroom.4. Its already time _(stop) _(discuss)5. Its my duty _ (protect) you13. 变被动语态变被动语态 make sb do sth. sb be made to do sth. He makes us laugh. We are made to laugh by him see sb do sth. sb be seen to do sth. I often see him play games. He is often seen to play games by me. hear sb do sth. sb be heard to do sth. I always hear my friend sing Engish songs. My friend is always heard to sing English songs1.Yesterday he was seen _ (play) computer games.2. Many children are made _ what theyre not interested in .A. do B. doing C. to do D. did3. Someone was heard _ (knock) at the door just now.1. She needs some paper to _ . A.write B.write in C.write with D.write on2.Give me a pen _. A. write B. to write C. write with D. to write with3. -Shopping with me? -Sorry. I have a lot of clothes _ . A.washed B.wash C.to wash D.to be washed