. . 免疫细胞表面抗原分子 CD 家族对照表(CD1-CD247) Exalpha Biologicals produces and sells products for Life Science Research, including monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, for use in immunohistochemistry, western blot, ELISA and Flow Cytometry. We offer over 800 products and, through collaborations with other scientists as well as our own in-house R&D programs, Exalpha continues to bring leading edge products to market. Our family of CD antibodies combines quality and performance with reasonable prices to make our CD antibodies the best value in the market today. Our family of Proliferation products offer easy all-in-one kits or stand alone antibodies to quantitate proliferating cells. Take a look at our website or call us for additional information. Note: no information is available on CDw145, CD181, CD182, CD185-194, CD196-199, CD211, CD214-216, CD218-220, CD237 Background CD: cluster designation of monoclonal antibodies (clusters of differentiation) Designated at the 1st to 7th Workshops on International Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens The last conference was in 2000. The next conference is in 2004. HLDA Workshops are the primary mechanism to characterize leukocyte surface antigenic molecules and epies; erythroid antigens are now included For 1st to 6th workshops, antibodies were submitted to the organizing laboratory, coded and sent to participating laboratories for testing against various cell types. For the 7th workshop, a CD designation could be established for a molecule if its gene has been cloned and at least one specific monoclonal antibody had been studied in the Workshop . . Interpretation should be based on cellular distribution of staining, proportion of positively stained cells, staining intensity and cutoff levels. CD1 Family of non-polymorphic MHC class I-like glycoproteins Also member of immunoglobulin superfamily On chromosome 1q22-23 (not MHC linked) Has 5 different subsets, all noncovalently associated with 12 kd beta 2 microglobulin Function: restrict T cell responses to certain antigens; may mediate thymic T cell development Positive staining (normal): cortical thymocytes (70%), activated T cells, Langerhans cells, interdigitating dendritic cells Positive staining (disease): pre T ALL with cortical thymocyte phenotype; Langerhans cell histiocytosis Negative staining: mature peripheral T cells CD1a Positive staining (normal): Dendritic cells in dermis/epidermis of benign inflammatory skin disorders Positive staining (disease): Langerhans cell histiocytosis (fairly specific), myeloid leukemias, some B cell malignancies; dendritic cells in most peripheral cutaneous T cell lymphomas, AJCP 2001;116:72 Negative staining: normal B cells, most cutaneous peripheral B cell lymphomas (? reflects replacement of reactive pattern containing dendritic cells with a neoplastic pattern of B cells) . . Micro images: Langerhans cell histiocytosis Micro images (AJSP subscribers): pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis Micro images (Hum Path subscribers): Langerhans cell histiocytosis References: AJSP 2001;25:630 CD1b Positive staining (disease): myeloid leukemias and some B cell malignancies Negative staining: normal B cells CD1c Positive staining (normal): subset of normal peripheral B cells Positive staining (disease): myeloid leukemias and some B cell malignancies Negative staining: normal B cells . . CD1d Positive staining (normal): thymus (low levels), bowel CD1e CD2 Aka E rosette receptor, LFA-2 (leukocyte function antigen) Function: binds CD58 / LFA-3 on antigen-presenting cells, and induces costimulatory signals in T cells Also regulates T and NK-mediated cytolysis, inhibits apoptosis of activated peripheral T cells, mediates T cell cytokine production, regulates T cell anergy Positive staining (normal): thymocytes (95%), mature peripheral T cells (almost all), NK cells (80-90%), thymic B cells (50%) Micro images: extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type . . CD2R CD2 epies restricted to activated T cells Positive staining: activated T cells, ? NK cells CD3 Aka OKT3 Function: complex (5 chains) of integral membrane glycoproteins assembled as a complex; has long cylasmic tail with antigen recognition activation motif; complex is then down regulated Also subdivided into delta, epsilon, gamma subtypes Cylasmic expression at early T cell differentiation, then membranous expression Most specific T cell antibody Positive staining (normal): thymocytes, peripheral T cells, NK cells; also Purkinje cells of cerebellum Positive staining (disease): 80% of T cell lymphomas Negative staining: gamma delta T cell receptors, most B cell lymphomas Micro images: CD3 epsilon-testicular NK/T cell lymphoma (figure 3D) . . Micro images (AJSP subscribers): achalasia, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in liver References: AJSP 2001;25:1413 CD4 Aka OKT4, T helper/inducer On chromosome #12p Nonpolymorphous glycoproteins belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily Serves as HIV receptor on T cells (as do chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4), macrophages, brain CD4+ T cells are killed by HIV Coreceptor in MHC class II-restricted antigen induced T cell activation Binds to nonpolymorphic region of class I molecules; may increase avidity of cell-cell interactions Positive staining (normal): thymocytes (80-90%), mature T cells (65%, T helper and CD4/CD8+ thymocytes), macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes Positive staining (disease): pityriasis lichenoides . . Micro images: acute demyelinating disease, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type CD5 Belongs to ancient scavenger receptor family Is physically and functionally coupled with T cell receptor-zeta-CD3 signal transducer complex CD5+ B cells produce “generalist antibodies” - polyreactive low affinity “natural” antibodies to exogenous antigens (tetanus toxoid, lipopolysaccharide) as well as autoreactive antibodies (ssDNA, thyroglobulin, insulin) Note: sharks only have polyreactive IgM Note: monoreactive IgG is produced by 0.1% of circulating B cells, from positive selection and somatic point mutation First line of defense against antigens; have a low activation threshold; are the only line of defense for those who cannot produce specific antibody . . Produce antibodies using germ line (non mutated) configuration of gene segments, usually IgM Production elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (27-52% of circulating B cells vs. 20% normal) CD5 may serve as a dual receptor, giving either stimulatory or inhibitory signals depending both on the cell type and the development stage Positive staining (normal): B cells of mantle zone of spleen and lymph nodes; B cells in peritoneal and pleural cavities; almost all T cells; In fetus, most B cells in spleen and cord blood are CD5 positive Positive staining (disease): B cell CLL/SLL, mantle cell lymphoma, most T malignancies, thymic carcinomas (70%) Negative staining: spindle cell thymomas, MALT lymphoma, follicular lymphoma Micro images: extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, mantle cell lymphoma (figure 3D) CD6 . . Adhesion molecule mediating the binding of developing thymocytes with thymic epithelial cells May be involved in autoimmunity and graft vs. host disease (GVHD) Antibodies to CD6 are used to deplete T cells from bone marrow transplants to prevent GVHD Positive staining (normal): low levels on immature thymocytes, high levels on mature thymocytes CD7 Membrane glycoprotein and Fc receptor for IgM Homologous to TCR gamma, Ig kappa Membrane expression early during T ontogeny, before TCR rearrangement, persists until terminal stages of T cell development Lower expression in memory T cells vs. naive T cells Positive staining (normal): mature peripheral T cells (85%), post-thymic T cells (majority), NK cells (majority), some myeloid cells . . Positive staining (disease): T cell ALL; AML (especially M4/M5), chronic myelogenous leukemia, blasts in transient myeloproliferative disorder Negative expression: B cell ALL, Sezary syndrome, adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma Micro images: extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type CD8 Aka OKT8, T cell suppressor/cytotoxic cells On chromosome #2 MHC class I restricted receptor; binds to nonpolymorphic region of class I molecules; may increase avidity of cell-cell interactions Associated with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of lung (AJSP 2002;26:715) Positive staining (normal): T cells (25-35% of mature peripheral T cells, most cytotoxic T cells, CD4/CD8+ thymocytes); NK cells (30%-which are also CD3 negative); cortical thymocytes (70-80%), epidermotrophic lymphocytes in mycosis fungoides (AJSP 2002;26:450) . . Micro images: lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of cervix-figure 3, acute demyelinating disease Micro images (Mod Path subscribers): nodal cytotoxic T cell lymphoma Reference: Mod Path 2002;15:1131 CD9 May mediate platelet activation and aggregation Antibodies are used to purge bone marrow prior to peripheral stem cell bone marrow transplant Viral co-receptor Positive staining (normal): pre B cells, B cell subset, T cells, macrophages, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, brain, peripheral nerve, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, epithelia CD10 . . Aka Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA), neutral endopeptidase 24.11, neprilysin, enkephalinase Cell membrane metallopeptidase, characteristic marker of follicular center cells and follicular lymphoma, but also widely distributed in normal tissue and neoplasms; also localized to brush border in small bowel mucosa Inactivates bioactive peptides Uses: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: one of first markers to identify leukemic cells in children (hence its name) Breast: marker of myoepithelial cells, Mod Path 2002;15:397 Burkitt lymphoma: confirm diagnosis Colonic carcinogenesis: increase in stromal cells from mild to severe dysplasia to invasive carcinoma, Hum Path 2002;33:806-811 Endometriosis: helpful in identifying areas of endometriosis if sparse glandular tissue