INTRODUCTION 元誠科技股份有限公司元誠科技股份有限公司Yuan Cheng Technology Co. , Ltd By Oliver ChenGENERAL POPULAR CAPACITORMulti-layer Ceramic CapacitorOS-CON CapacitorAluminum Electrolytic CapacitorTantalum Solid Electrolytic CapacitorSpecialty Polymer CapacitorPolymer Organic Semi-conductive CapacitorFilm CapacitorMulti-layer Ceramic CapacitorSeparate the system loop and the capacitors usedDigital loopAnalog loopcombined ratioLogic loopHigh Frequency loopPower loopAudio loopOther loop75%25%Decoupling Back up Major used around Digital IC to filter Noise SmoothingFilterResonantCouplingImpedance & ESR considered more important than capacitanceMust consider temperature characteristics and capacitance on designLoop separatedCapacitor FunctionsFactor of Sound Mechanism(MLCC)Dielectric Constant of MaterialDielectric Constant of MaterialDC Bias VoltageDC Bias VoltageFrequency RangeFrequency RangeLayout of Mother BoardLayout of Mother BoardMechanism of Sound Effect (MLCC)VTime Piezo Electric with DC-Bias Vibration of MLCC With AC Current Electrical MechanicalMother Board Resonated With MLCC Big Sound (Like Speaker)SRF of MLCC Become LowerSound Effect of MLCCPhenomenon AnalysisUnderstanding Qualitative Analysis Mechanism of Vibration ( Simulation )Quantitative AnalysisVibration - Sound Analysis|z|ESRFrequencyxcXLSRFSRF:Series Resonance FrequencySRF fc=1/2 LC |Z|= ESR2+(XC-XL)2 1.if the working frequency = SRF ,XC-XL=0, |Z|=ESR 2.if the working frequency SRF, |Z| dominated by XL About MLCC Impedance FeaturesTypical ESR and ESL factors in capacitor ( 100K 10MHz )Impedance = R 2 + ( 2f L 1/2f c) 2 ESR (m) ESL (H)Multilayer ceramic capacitors 5 301 2Tantalum electrolytic capacitors 300 10002 6Aluminum electrolytic capacitors 500 10000 4 10 Values of Tantalum electrolytic capacitor may vary depending on case sizeFREQUENCY(KHZ)FREQUENCY(KHZ)FREQUENCY(KHZ)FREQUENCY(KHZ)X7R 1206 1UF/16VX7R 1206 2.2UF/16VX7R 1206 1.5UF/16VX7R 1206 3.3UF/10VCapacitance Characteristics of FrequencyESR Characteristics of FrequencyTemperature Characteristics of CapacitanceNo Bias D/D converter outputD/D converter input OS-CON Aluminum solid capacitors with organic semi-conductive electrolyteFeatures of OS-CON1.OS-CON is a low ESR capacitor2.ESR of OS-CON is not dependent on temperature3.OS-CON has long-life4.OS-CON is a capacitor that has polarity but that is strong against reverse voltage5.High conductivity provides stability against temperature because has low resistance value compared to other electrolytes.Reliability Presumption of LifeL2=L1X10 T2-(T1+Tx) /20L2:Life expectance(Hrs) in actual use (temperature T1)L1:Guaranteed(Hrs) at maximum temperature in use T2:maximum operating temperature () T1:Temperature in actual use (ambient temperature) () Tx:Self-heating temperature by ripple current ()Tx=(Ix/Io) 2 xT Io:Maximum allowable ripple current at +45 or less (Arms) Ix:Actual flow of ripple current (Arms)T varies according to case sizeOS-CON Electrical Characteristics1.Frequency Characteristics2.Temperature Characteristics3.Bias CharacteristicsTemperature vs. Tan Temperature vs. Capacitance ChangeTemperature ( )Temperature ( )A 1uf/25WVC 10uf/16WVF 150uf/16WVTan Capacitance Change ( % )(120HZ)(120HZ)A 1uf/25WVB 10uf/10WVC 10uf/16WVD 47uf/6.3WVE 100uf/16WV F 150uf/16WVTemperature vs. Leakage current(Rated Voltage)Temperature vs. Impedance(100KHZ)Leakage current (uA)Impedance () Temperature ( )Temperature ( )Temperature Characteristics100ESR() Temperature ( )OS=OS-CON PurpleAl=Al-E Cap BlueTa=Tantalum GreenCR(X5P)=Ceramic Cap RedCR(X5U)=Ceramic Cap - Pink Temperature CharacteristicsOS=OS-CON PurpleAl=Al-E Cap BlueTa=Tantalum GreenCR(X5P)=Ceramic Cap RedCR(X5U)=Ceramic Cap - Pink Bias Voltage CharacteristicsOS.1=OS-CON (10SL10M)-Purple OS.2=OS-CON (30SC10M)-Light purpleCR(X5P)=Ceramic Cap(10uf/10V) -RedCR(X5U)=Ceramic Cap(10uf/50V) -Pink Aluminum Electrolytic CapacitorsMaterial of Aluminum Electrolytic capacitorCommon Application Conditions to AvoidThe following misapplication load conditions will cause rapid deterioration of a capacitors parameters.In addition,rapid heating and gas generation within the capacitor can occur,causing the pressure relief vent to operate and resultant leakage of electrolyte.Under extreme conditions,explosion and fire ignition could happen.The leaked electrolyte is combustible and electrically conductive(1)Reverse Voltage(2)Repeating Charge/Discharge applications(3)Over Voltage(4)Exceeding Ripple currentOperating Temperature and Frequency(1) Effect of operating temperature on electrical parameters a) At higher temperature,leakage current and capacitance increase while ESR decreases. b) At lower temperature,leakage current and capacitance decreases while ESR increases.(2) Effect of operating frequency on electrical parameters a) At higher frequency,capacitance and impedance decrease while tan increases. b) At lower frequency,heat generated by ripple current will rise due to an increase in ESR. Application guidelinesOperating Temperature and Life expectancy The formula for calculating expected life is as follows L1: Guaranteed life ( h ) at temperature , T1 L2: Expected life ( h ) at temperature , T2 T1: Upper category temperature ( ) T2: Actual operating temperature ( )L2 = L1 X 2 T1-T2/10* Example *If the specification is 2000hours at rated voltage/105 testActually,the capacitor surface temperature is 85 L2=2000 hours * 2 105 - 85 /10 =8000 hoursHow to calculate the ripple current for actual applicationIf the specification is 1230mA/rms at 105 /100 KHzActual measure the capacitor surface temperature is 85/100KHzMaximum permissible ripple current = 1230mA*1*1.7=2091mA/rms*Example* Capacitance vs. Temperature CharacteristicsImpedance , ESR vs. Frequency CharacteristicsLeakage current vs. Temperature CharacteristicsTan vs. Frequency CharacteristicsTantalum Solid Electrolytic CapacitorMaterial of Tantalum solid electrolytic capacitorCircuit DesignItemPrecaution on designPhenomenon(1)working voltageProper voltage de-rating is applied.check working voltageShort circuit burning(2)protecting resistanceCircuit resistance is small,and high inrush current is not applied?Short circuit burning(3)Reserve VoltageReverse voltage is not applied to capacitor?polarity is correct.Short circuit burning Leakage current increased(4)Ripple VoltageExceeding ripple voltage is applied to capacitor?Short circuit burning Leakage current increased(5)Environment temperatureTemperature exceeds the limit?check the temperature limit.Short circuitElectrical characteristics change(6)HumidityNot using under high temperature/humidity?Short circuitElectrical characteristics change(7)Frequency DependencyCheck the working circuit at high frequency?Electrical characteristics changeTantalum capacitor temperature de-rating voltageChange in capacitance ( Dipped type)4.7f/16VTemperature ( )Capacitance change (%)Temperature CharacteristicsChange in leakage current( Dipped type)4.7f/16VLeakage current(A)Temperature () Temperature CharacteristicsFrequency ( Hz )capacitance change ( % )Change in capacitance (Dipped type)4.7uf/16VFrequency CharacteristicsFrequency ( Hz )Change in Tan (Dipped type)4.7f/16VTan Frequency CharacteristicsReverse VoltageSPECTIALTY POLYMER CAPACITORMaterial of Specialty Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor10001001010.10.01TCNQMnO2ElectrolyteSpecialty polymerOrganic semi-conductiveTantalumAluminumSP-CAPConductivity ( S/cm)Material of electrolyte comparisonSPECTIALTY POLYMER CAPACITORFeatures of SP-cap Large capacitance Very low ESR & low impedance characteristics Stable capacitance characteristics High ripple current capability Strong surge voltage characteristics Full voltage can be applied , no voltage de-ratingResistivity .cmInsulation of specialty polymer itselfFrequency CharacteristicsFrequency CharacteristicsStable Temperature characteristicsStable Temperature characteristics(1)SP-Al 100uf/6.3V (2)Polymer tantalum capacitor 100uf/10V(3)Ceramic capacitor 100uf/6.3V (4)Low ESR tantalum capacitor 100uf/10VStable capacitance characteristics(1)SP-Al 100uf/6.3V (2)Polymer tantalum capacitor 100uf/10V(3)Ceramic capacitor 100uf/6.3V (4)Low ESR tantalum capacitor 100uf/10VStable capacitancePolymer Organic Semi-conductive CapacitorPOS-CAPFeatures of POSCAP*Low profile chip capacitor*Low impedance and low ESR at high frequency*High ripple current capability*Excellent noise-absorbent characteristics*Excellent temperature characteristics up to -55 *More superior rather than Tantalum-cap in safetyFrequency CharacteristicsFrequency Characteristics Film Capacitor0.01uf/16V0.1uf/16VPanasonic ECHU seriesPanasonic ECHU series0.01uf/16V0.1uf/16VPanasonic ECHU series0.01uf/16V0.1uf/16VPanasonic ECHU series0.01uf/16V0.1uf/16VPanasonic ECHU series0.01uf/16V0.1uf/16VPanasonic ECHU series0.01uf/16V0.1uf/16VTypeCostESRESLSafetyCapacitanceRipple currentPolarityOS-CONMedium GoodBadGoodGoodMedium YesSPCAPMedium GoodMedium GoodMedium GoodYesTan-CAPMedium BadMedium BadGoodBadYesPOSCAPBadMedium Medium GoodGoodGoodYesE-CAPGoodBadBadGoodVery goodMedium YesMLCCMedium Very goodVery goodGoodBadGoodNoChip FilmBadGoodGoodGoodBadMedium NoCharacteristics Compared List