Grammar过去分词的语法功能：过去分词的语法功能：过去分词在句中可以作过去分词在句中可以作1.定语定语2.表语表语3.宾语补足语宾语补足语4.状语状语一、过去分词作前置定语一、过去分词作前置定语 a lostlost animal an injuredinjured finger a brokenbroken coin a lightedlighted candle spoken spoken English writtenwritten exercises fallen fallen leaves the risenrisen sun the advancedadvanced countries drunken drunken man一只迷路的动物一只迷路的动物a usedused stamp一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币一支点燃的蜡烛一支点燃的蜡烛英语口语英语口语 书面练习书面练习单个的过去分词作定语时一单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。常作前置定语。 过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。落叶落叶升起来的太阳升起来的太阳发达国家发达国家一个醉鬼一个醉鬼少数表示位移或状态改变的不少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义How I regretted the hours wastedwasted in the woods! = which was wasted in the woodsI like wearing clothes mademade of this kind of cloth = which are made of this kind of clothThe books writtenwritten by Lu Xun are popular = which were written by Lu XunHave you noticed the bridge being builtbeing built there? = which is being built there过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义二、作表语二、作表语二、作表语二、作表语 1 1 1 1、表示主语的、表示主语的、表示主语的、表示主语的心理感觉心理感觉心理感觉心理感觉或所处的或所处的或所处的或所处的状态状态状态状态。许多动词的。许多动词的。许多动词的。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lostpleased, surprised, lostpleased, surprised, lostpleased, surprised, lost等。等。等。等。The window is broken. 窗户碎了。窗户碎了。Dont get so excited. 别这么激动。别这么激动。（）作表语的（）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。（）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句（）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。短语。 2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别： The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded The glass was broken by Jack. The windows were closed by Tom last night.（3）作表语的过去分词前可以有修饰）作表语的过去分词前可以有修饰语，而被动语态的过去分词前不能加修语，而被动语态的过去分词前不能加修饰语。饰语。 The glass was broken by Tom. Your composition is well written.三、过去分词作宾补常用于以下五个方面三、过去分词作宾补常用于以下五个方面:1.用在表示状态的用在表示状态的 keep, leave 等的后面等的后面:They kept the door locked for a long time.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.2. 用在感官动词用在感官动词watch, notice, see, hear, feel, find, listen to等的后面。等的后面。We can hear the windows beaten by the rain drops.When we got to school, we found the door locked.3.用在用在wish, want, like, expect, order等等表示愿望表示愿望,希望希望,命令这一类动词后面命令这一类动词后面.The teacher wound not like the problem discussed at the moment.I want the dress made to my own measure.4. 用在使役动词用在使役动词have, make 的后面的后面.1)Have sb/sth done “让某人做某事让某人做某事”They had many trees planted.*He had his leg broken in the accident.*I had my wallet stolen in the bus.2) Make sb/sth done ( 动词必须是表示结果含义动词必须是表示结果含义的的)I raised my voice to make myself heard.They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.5. 用在用在 “with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补” 这一结构中这一结构中,过去分词过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系与宾语之间是动宾关系. The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.With many flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. 四、过去分词作状语四、过去分词作状语 当主句与从句的主语相同时，可将当主句与从句的主语相同时，可将从从句句的主语和系动词的主语和系动词be省略，若主语与省略，若主语与动词之间存在着被动关系，直接用过动词之间存在着被动关系，直接用过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语可表去分词作状语。过去分词作状语可表时间时间, 原因原因, 让步让步, 结果结果, 方式方式, 条件等。条件等。过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语 When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water.过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语 Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.过去分词作条件或者假设状语过去分词作条件或者假设状语 If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.作作方式或方式或伴随伴随情况状语情况状语 The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.Rewrite with proper conjunctions1. United we stand, divided we fail. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail.Example: 2. Asked what had happened, he told us about it. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.6. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.用用过去分词作状语来改写句子。过去分词作状语来改写句子。1.As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. _ , I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _ , hell make a first-class tennis player.3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Given timeConfused by the new surroundings4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _ _ _, he became tense. Questioned by the police about the fire