专题专题五五 写作写作第二节读后续写读后续写既考查学生对所学语言知识的运用能力，又考查学生的发散思维能力和创造力。该题型要求考生首先要读懂已有信息，不仅能读懂字面含义，还要理清文章的脉络和关系。续写这篇短文时，考生需要明白故事的发展进程、前因后果、地理位置变化、人物特征和情感等。在此基础上，考生顺着文章的思路，根据线索，发挥想象，对其后的情节进行合理预测，并用英语表达出来。把脉考情明考向，知规律新高考命题探究以2020新高考全国卷及山东模考卷为例项目卷别写作文体命题类型主题范围2020新高考全国卷叙事类记叙文半开放类人与自我乐于助人山东模考卷叙事类记叙文半开放类人与自我我和流浪狗的故事综合分析表格并结合最新考纲，我们可以看出新高考读后续写会有以下命题特征：1写作文体写作文体以考查叙事类文体为主，所选材料一定具有更强的故事性、逻辑性的特点。2命题形式要求考生依据所给材料内容、段落开头语进行续写(150词左右)，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。续写部分的设置合理，这样能更好地激发学生的想象力，学生都有话可说，有内容可写。3主题范围主题范围将仍然围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题，内容来自学生的实际生活或是学生关心的话题。续写话题将会更加彰显人性光辉，体现人与自然和谐相处的文章出现的可能性非常大，因为这样的文章更适合考查学生的逻辑思维、评判性思维和创新思维能力。第一讲读后续写的写作步骤读后续写的过程主要包括读文(Read)、设计(Plot)、初稿(Draft)、润色(Polish)等四个步骤(简称“RPDP”)，具体如下。1读文第一个步骤通过阅读定位所提供语言材料的核心信息，包括核心单词、短语和句子等，目的是梳理内容的发展脉络和推进方向。本步骤的关键在于高效的阅读，要求学生在尽可能短的时间内，基于对某种语言的掌握，利用分析综合、分类比较、归纳演绎、抽象概括等逻辑思维技能，洞穿语篇的文脉肌理，积极寻找信息。2设计第二个步骤是根据所给文章信息及段落开头语，构思出与上下文内容连贯、丰富充实、自然流畅、引人入胜的情节走势。在设计过程中，应充分考虑以下几点。(1)续写的第一段的内容设计既要考虑与上文的融洽衔接，同时也要考虑本段和最后一段开头语的呼应和衔接，而后者是容易忽视的部分。简言之，第一段的内容设计要成功搭建本段与前文、后文的桥梁。(2)续写的第二段是文章的结尾，要关注与文章开头的遥相呼应，根据具体语境弘扬感情的真、人性的善或拼搏的美，从而凸显主题，升华精神。考虑利用抒情和议论等表达方式使得画龙点睛之处能够表露文章深处蕴涵的主题意蕴、思想感情或人生哲理。(3)灵活运用各种描写手法，以帮助打造鲜活灵动的人物形象和丰富充实的情节链条。以动作描写、语言描写和心理描写为主，辅之以恰当的外貌描写和环境描写。情节的推动主要靠动作描写，要完整描绘每一动作的前因和后果。语言描写包括独白和对话，可以反映人物情感、行为动机、或预示和推动故事情节的发展。心理描写聚焦于在某一境况下人物的内心活动，可以细腻地展示人物跌宕起伏的心路历程。外貌描写和环境描写的使用应根据情节发展和主题表达的实际需要。3初稿第三个步骤是按照情节链条进行初稿的撰写。此过程应注意以下几点。(1)分析原文语言表达方面的显著特征，观察有无直接引语、各类从句、特殊句型、非谓语动词等。通过模仿和创造，尽量提高与原文的协同，力求在各个语言层次(关键词、短语和句型等)的表达风格上和原文保持一致。(2)先在头脑里组织整个句子的语法结构和内容走势，然后动笔书写，从而下笔流畅、整洁美观，避免字字艰难、反复涂改。(3)对词汇的选择务必字斟句酌、精挑细选。文章是语言文字编成的织锦，词汇是构成文章唯一的材料，是文章的色彩和音色，要确保围绕主题之下的词汇使用在理性思维引导下能够丰富多彩和恰当合理。4润色第四个步骤，核查连接词、词数、语法词汇和标点等四个方面。核查有无连接词的使用；如无，应增添连接词，以保持上下文的衔接和连贯。词数控制在150160范围内为佳。最后通读全文核查标点和语法词汇。以上四个步骤和评分第五档(2125分)的要求是相互对应的。四个步骤的逐个实施可以确保满足评分第五档在四个方面的要求。(2020新高考全国卷)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。The Meredith family lived in a small community.As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs.Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems，and they needed all kinds of help.When she had time，she would bring food and medicine to them.One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.There was a man sick in bed，his wife，who took care of him and could not go out to work，and their little boy.The little boyhis name was Bernardhad interested her very much.“I wish you could see him，” she said to her own children，John，Harry，and Clara.“He is such a help to his mother，He wants very much to earn some money，but I dont see what he can do.”After their mother left the room，the children sat thinking about Bernard.“I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara.“His family is suffering so much.”“So do I，” said Harry.“We really should do something to assist them.”For some moments，John said nothing，but，suddenly，he sprang to his feet and cried，“I have a great idea！I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成)”The other children also jumped up all attention.When John had an idea，it was sure to be a good one.“I tell you what we can do，” said John.“You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us？Well，we can make popcorn(爆米花)，and put it into paper bags，and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”注意：续写词数应为150左右。When Mrs.Meredith heard of Johns idea，she thought it was a good one，too. _With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business. _第一步：读文前文大意：本文主要讲述的是三个孩子在妈妈告诉他们一个贫困家庭的故事后，想出一个绝妙的主意制作并售卖爆米花帮助来自这个家庭的小孩Bernard挣钱养家第二步：设计续写段首1：When Mrs.Meredith heard of Johns idea，she thought it was a good one，too.设问：What would they do to make popcorn?What would happen after that?续写段首2：With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business.设问：What would Bernard do?How did it turn out?1第一段开头是 Mrs.Meredith 赞成这一方案，因此续写第一段的内容应该是在Mrs.Meredith的协助下，Meredith家的孩子们做准备工作并将制作分装好的爆米花送给Bernard。2第二段则是Bernard开始卖爆米花了，第二段应该是Bernard 通过卖爆米花赚到了钱，使Bernard家的生活得到改善等；最后可以升华主题： John的好主意对Bernard 的生活起了很大的作用。第三步：初稿在确定了思路和内容之后，续写时，要注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。第四步：润色检查连接词、词数、语法和标点错误，进行润色提升。参考范文：When Mrs.Meredith heard of Johns idea，she thought it was a good one，too. So she praised John for his proposal，and offered him some advice.Very soon the children were busy popping the corn，while their mother went out to buy the paper bags.When she came back，she brought Bernard with her.The corn was all popped，the paper bags filled，and arranged in the basket when Bernard arrived.With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business. And much sooner than could be expected，he returned with an empty basket.Never had he earned so much money before in his life.When he found that it was all to be his，he was so delighted that he could hardly speak，but his bright smiling face spoke for him.People began to watch for the “little popcorn boy”，and every week he had at least fifty cents to take home，and often more.The incomes were enough to solve the problem.All this was because of Johns bright idea.