12How much do you know about the Antarctic?3456the Antarcticthe southernmost continent14 million sq km (280,000 sq km ice-free, 13.72 million sq km ice-covered) 7mostly uninhabitablethe coldest, windiest, and driest continent8南极洲，又称“第七大陆”，围绕南极的大陆。位于地球南端，四周为太平洋、印度洋和大西洋所包围。包括大陆、陆缘冰和岛屿，总面积1405.1万平方千米，约占世界陆地总面积的9.4%。全境为平均海拔2350米的大高原，是世界上平均海拔最高的洲。大陆几乎全被冰川覆盖，占全球现代冰被面积的80%以上。大陆冰川从中央延伸到海上，形成巨大的罗斯冰障，周围海上漂浮着冰山。9整个大陆只有2%的地方无长年冰雪覆盖，动植物能够生存。气候酷寒，极端最低气温曾达-89.2（1983年）。风速一般达每秒1718米，最大达每秒90米以上，为世界最冷和风暴最多、风力最大的陆地。全洲年平均降水量为55毫米，极点附近几乎无降水，空气非常干燥，有“白色荒漠”之称。1在南极圈内暖季有连续的极昼，寒季则有连续的极夜，并有绚丽的弧形极光出现。动物有企鹅、海象、海狮、信天翁等。全洲无定居居民，只有来自世界各地的科学考察人员和捕鲸队。南极大陆是人类最后到达的大陆。1911年12月挪威阿蒙森探险队首次到达南极极点。1011Common sense quizWhatdifficultieswillyouface?storm sand storm coldnessFrostbite冻伤冻伤 fire break outEquipment break downLoneliness run out of foodRun out of fresh water12self-studyWork out the meaning of the words from the text.Sledge Hopeless ChreefulDistantCarry onwithinWithout hopeHappyInsideEquipment used forMoving on snowFar awaycontinue13self-studyWork out the meaning of the words from the text.Break down Run out of ambitionshockedHaving nothing leftStop functioningExtremely surprisedSomething you want to achieve14 Roald Amundsenbackground15罗尔德阿蒙森（Roald，Amundsen18721928），挪威极地探险家，第一个到达南极点的人。1872年7月16日生于奥斯陆附近的博尔格(Borge)。曾在挪威海军服役。1901年到格陵兰东北进行海洋学研究。19031906年乘单桅帆船第一次通过西北航道（从大西洋西北经北冰洋到太平洋），并发现北磁极。在获悉R.E.彼利成功到达北极后，积极准备探测南极。1910年6月乘“前进”号(Fram)从挪威出发，1911年1月3日到南极大陆的鲸湾，1911年10月20日阿蒙森与4个同伴乘狗拉雪橇向南极进发，12月14日到达。阿蒙森在南极进行了观测研究，于12月17日离开。于1928年6月18日在一次飞机事故中身亡。享年56岁。16Captainscott1718L to R: Wilson, Evans, Scott, Oates and Bowers 19罗伯特斯科特，英文名是RobertFalconScott，全名是罗伯特法尔肯斯科特，是一位英国海军军官和极地探险家，1912年3月29日逝世于南极洲罗斯冰架。20211. Which pole did they race to? 2. When did they go? 3. Who reached the pole first?Look at the title and photos on page Look at the title and photos on page 28 and guess the answers to these 28 and guess the answers to these questions.questions.task1223. AmundsenRead the passage and check your prediction:1. The South Pole2. 1910-19111st readingCheck the prediction23Further Further readingreadingWhat is the clue of the story about the race to the Pole?24Further Further readingreading Introducing their Preparation Part One (Para. 1-2)Part Two (Para. 3-4): According to the time clue, how many parts can we divide the text into? Part Three (Para. 5-9): Four partsPart Four (Para. 10): Telling us their reachingTheir returnRegarding that Captain Scott and his men as heroes25Read the text carefully. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?1. Scott and Amundsen started their journeys in the polar spring. 2. Scotts use of sledges and horses was a success.3. Amundsen travelled more quickly than Scott.TFT2nd Reading264. When they got to the Pole, Scotts team had a celebration.5. Captain Oates went for a walk and died in a snow storm.6. Scotts last letter was to his wife.FTT27Read the text again and answer these questions.(1) Why did Amundsen succeed and Scott fail? Amundsen succeeded because he made rapid progress and had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and28his men were on skis. Scott failed because he and his men had to push the sledges themselves when the motor sledges broke down and the ponies had difficulties with the snow and the cold.29(2) What did Scotts team achieve? They reached the Pole although they didnt win the race and they became heroes because of their courage. They collected rocks that proved Antarctica had once been covered by plants.30(3) Why did Scott and his men become heroes? They became heroes because, although they died on the return journey, they showed remarkable courage all the time.311. expedition go on an expedition 去探险去探险 make an expedition 远征，探险远征，探险 a polar expedition 极地探险队极地探险队Language points探险探险; 远征远征; 探险队探险队322. prepare v. prepare for e.g. Please prepare a table for dinner. Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. preparation n. in preparation for 为为作准备作准备33 They put chairs in the school hall in preparation for the concerts. Joe is training in preparation for the next football match. Plans for selling the new product are now in preparation.34 3. wait for sb. / sth. e.g. He waited impatiently for an answer. wait to do sth. e.g. I can tell you something youve been waiting to know. 4. pull the sledge push the sledge 拉雪橇拉雪橇推雪橇推雪橇35 5. make progress in / with sth. progress 不可数名词不可数名词 e.g. Are you making any progress with your study? They are making slow progress in the construction of the new road.366. break down a. 机器机器, 车辆等坏了车辆等坏了 We are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down. b. 身体跨了身体跨了 His health broke down.c. 失败失败, 坚持不去了坚持不去了 Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.37break in 蹩脚英语蹩脚英语break in on/upon 非法进入非法进入, 强行进入强行进入break out 使人心碎使人心碎break ones heart 爆发爆发, 突然讲出突然讲出broken English 打搅打搅, 使停顿使停顿38 7. have difficulty / problem with sth. have difficulty / problem (in) doing sth. e.g. I dont have much difficulty with English grammar. He has some difficulties understanding the boys accent. p.s. difficulty 可数名词可数名词/不可数名词不可数名词39 8. spend sb. spend on sth. sb. spend (in) doing sth. e.g. He doesnt spend much time on his homework. He spent much time correcting my grammar. 409. fail vi. e.g. All our plans failed. fail in sth. e.g. He has failed in his mathematics. She failed in her last English exam. 失败失败在在不足不足, 在在失败失败41fail to do sth. e.g. He fails to understand its real significance. When I failed to find you, I sent you a note by messenger.失败；未能做到失败；未能做到4210. run out (of) e.g. The supply of our food almost ran out and we felt helpless. We can see that his patience was running out little by little.用尽，没有了用尽，没有了4311. at one time e.g.At one time he lived with his uncle. It was said that at one time a mysterious woman lived in this house.一度，曾经一度，曾经4412. carry on e.g. They are determined to carry on the struggle for freedom and democracy (民主民主). One person carried on what the other had left off. 进行下去，继续下去进行下去，继续下去45Make adjectives, verbs or adverbs from these nouns.nounadjectiveverbadverbexplorer-pole-organisation-polarorganisedexploredexploreorganise46nounadjectiveverbadverbpatience-preparation-ambition-courage-successcourageoussuccessfulsucceed successfullypatientpreparedambitiouspreparepatientlyambitiouslycourageously4748