Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressListening and speakingReadingGrammarWritingCulture expressContentListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslPronunciation and listening skills lConversationslPassageListening and speakingListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressDistinguishing stress patterns in sentencesListen to some sentences and put them into corresponding columnsaccording to their stress patterns.Tips一般说来，在朗读英语句子时重要的词要重读，不重要的词不重读。也可以说，句子中实词重读，虚词不重读。重读单词中的重读音节一般要重读。这样每个句子都有了自己的重读和非重读音节，轻重高低，形成起伏，也形成了英语动听的节奏。 Work hard.Do it now.I think so.Send him away.Come here. Id like to.Leave it alone.Id rather.What did you do?All right.Look out.Ring me up.Try again.Have a try.Sing us a song.Of course not.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressDistinguishing stress patterns in sentencesl英语的节奏是句子的重音在句子中有规律出现的结果。句子重音之间的相隔时间大致相等，使语言产生节奏感。l在英语语言节奏的训练中，英语学习者应该注重循序渐进的原则，尽量克服汉语语言节奏的干扰，在训练过程中，运用语法知识，体会英语语言节奏。多听英语材料，模仿地道的语音和语调，坚持朗读也可以提高发音的准确性和语言的节奏感。TipsListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressConversationslConversation 1lConversation 2Functional languageExercisesExercisesFunctional languageListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.1. Listen to a conversation and check () the correct answers to complete the following sentences.Word tipspick up 买；买到smartphone n. 智能手机stunning adj. 极漂亮的fantastic adj. 太好了app n. 应用程序Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness1 Jason is telling Lily a piece of good news by (making a telephone call / speaking to her face to face).2 The smartphone Jason has got for Lily is (difficult / easy) to use.3 The smartphone is (the best one Lily has ever seen / just the kind Lily wanted).Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.Its a new kind of smartphone.2.2. Listen again and check () the statements that are mentioned about the smartphone.2.It has many features.3.Its a videophone (可视电话).Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness4. It can record videos.5. It is Bluetooth compatible.6. It can be used as an e-book reader.7. It allows you to download apps.8. It can be used as a navigation (导航) device.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressScriptsConversation 1 - Expressing happinessJason:Hello, this is Jason. May I speak to Lily?Lily: Hello, Jason! Lily speaking.Jason:Oh, Lily, good news! Ive picked up a smartphone for you.Lily: Great! Whats it like?Jason:This is a new kind of smartphone. It has every feature under the sun! Lily: Every feature?Jason:With a high-quality camera, it can take stunning pictures and record videos. And its so easy to use that even a child could use it. Lily: Fantastic! Thats just the kind I wanted.Jason:You can also use it as an e-book reader and download apps for about anything you want to do. And its your favorite color!Lily: Thanks, I cant tell you how delighted Im about it. Youve made my day! Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express3.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.Situation 1A tells B cheerfully that he / shehas just picked up a new kind oflaptop for B. B expresses his / her happiness.Situation 2A tells B that he / she has gotB a ticket for the concert of Bsfavorite singer. B expresses his /her happiness.GUIDED CONVERSATIONA: Greet B and tell B a piece of good news.B: Show surprise and gladness.A: Tell B more details.B: Express happiness.A: Give responses.B: Show thanks.Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness(Sample)(Sample)(Reference)Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressConversation 1 - Expressing happinessRole play - Sample conversationSituation 1Jack:Hi, Ann. Good news! Ive picked up a laptop for you.Ann: Fantastic! Whats it like?Jack:This is a new type of laptop. Many of its features just meet your needs.Ann: Really?Jack:With 500GB hard disk drive, 8GB internal memory and quad core CPU, it will work really fast. It is also very light, too. Its very convenient for you to take it to school. Ann: Terrific. I cant tell you how delighted Im about it. Jack:Moreover, it is on promotion now. It will save you some money. Ann: Thanks a lot. Thats the best news Ive ever hear.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressConversation 1 - Expressing happinessRole play - Sample conversationSituation 2Lisa:Hello, John. Do you still remember that we talked about Wang Lihongs concert last week?John: Yes. Hes my favorite singer. I dreaming about going to his concert, but its very hard to get a ticket.Lisa:But I have got a ticket for his next months concert for you.John: Are you kidding? Thats marvelous. How did you get it?Lisa:One of my sisters friend is also a big fan of Wang. She bought the ticket but cant make it that day, so I asked my sister to buy the ticket from her.John: Thats the best news Ive ever heard. I just can believe it.Lisa:I knew you would be very excited on hearing this.John: Thank you so much. Youve made my day.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressConversation 1 - Expressing happinessRole playReference for oral workhooray: a word that you shout to show that you are excited and happy about somethingaah: used for showing that you are happy, satisfied, or surprisedexcellent: used for showing that you are very pleased about somethinglovely: used for saying you are pleased about something good for/on someone: used for saying that you are happy about something good that someone has done or that has happened to themthank God/goodness/heaven(s): used for saying that you are happy that something unpleasant has stopped or has not happenedwonders will never cease: used for saying that you are very surprised and happy about somethingListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressFunctional LanguageExpressing HappinessGreat / Fantastic / Good / Marvelous / Terrific / Wonderful!Thats the best thing / news Ive ever heard.I cant tell you how delighted Im about it.Youve made my day.Conversation 1 - Expressing happinessListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.1. Listen to a conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).Word tipspay off 取得成功；奏效pumped up adj. 热情高涨的competitive adj. 竞争的；比赛的intense adj. 紧张的1.John is overjoyed because his team has won the game.TFT2.John thinks they did their best though they had not been well prepared.3.Johns coach gave each player a very detailed training plan.Conversation 2 - Expressing happinessListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.All the players in Johns team were pumped up.2.2. Listen again and check () the reasons why Johns team won the game.2.They had good teamwork.3.The players were well prepared for the game.Conversation 2 - Expressing happiness4. They knew the weak points of their rival team very well.5. Johns teammates were in their best competitive form ever.6. Their coach was more experienced than the coach of their rival team.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressScriptsConversation 2 - Expressing happinessJohn: Hi, Maggie.Maggie: Hi, John. What was the result of the game?John: We won! Im so thrilled about it.Maggie: Oh, Im really glad to hear the news. I guess your team must have performed very well in the finals.John: Yes. Its great that all our efforts have finally paid off.Maggie: Im so happy for you guys! But how did you make it?John: Perhaps one important reason was that we were well prepared for it. The players were all pumped up and our teamwork was good. I felt we were in our best competitive form ever.Maggie: And your training program must have gone well. John: Absolutely. We have a very intense and scientific program.Maggie: I can see that your coach is very experienced. How did he design the program? John: Well, he made a very detailed plan for each player to train our speed, strength and so on. Maggie: No wonder you got good results.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express3.3. Role-play a conversation in groups of three according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language.Situation 1A tells B that Bs soccer team won the qualification to compete in the national championship.Situation 2A tells B that B has performedvery well in the school singingcompetition and won the first prize.GUIDED CONVERSATIONA: Tell B a piece of good news.B: Show surprise and excitement.A: Praise B for Bs performance.B: Tell A the reason why you performed well.A: Give your wishes.B: Show thanks and express happiness.Conversation 2 - Expressing happiness(Sample)(Sample)Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressConversation 2 - Expressing happinessMr. Smith: Jason: Mr. Smith: Jason: Mr. Smith:Jason: Mr. Smith: Jason: Hello, Jason. Your soccer team has won the qualification to compete in the national championship!Really? Wow, Im really glad to hear the new!You guys have done a great job in the past games. In the field, you were in high spirits and used right strategies to play. Another important thing is that you are all team players.Right. We have been making full preparation for each game. Its great that all our efforts have finally paid off.Your coach is very experienced, too.He taught us a lot and made detailed plans in our training.Wish you good luck in the future games.Thanks, Mr. Smith. I cant wait to tell my teammates this good news.Role play - Sample conversationSituation 1Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressConversation 2 - Expressing happinessLily: Carol: Lily: Carol: Lily: Carol: Lily: Carol: Hi, Carol. I have a piece of good news for you.Hey, whats that?Youve won the first prize in the school singing competition!Wow, I am so glad to hear the news.You performed so well that we were all touched by your singing.I practiced for this competition for quite a while. Moreover, my music teacher was very supportive and gave me a lot of good suggestions.Im so happy for you. I hope you can win more competitions in the future.Thanks a lot!Role play - Sample conversationSituation 2Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressFunctional LanguageExpressing HappinessIm so thrilled about it!Im really glad to hear the news.Im really very delighted / happy / pleased toIts great that all our efforts have finally paid off.I feel great aboutIm so happy for you!Conversation 2 - Expressing happinessListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.1. Listen to a passage and complete the following table with what you hear.Word tipsslang n. 俚语CUL abbrev. (see you later) 待会儿见F2T abbrev. (free to talk)随便聊聊GA abbrev. (go ahead) 继续；向前PassageDifferent opinions on Internet slangPositive opinionInternet slang is cool and 1) _ , full of 2) _ and intelligence. It makes 3) _ easier and quicker.NegativeopinionInternet slang will 4) _ peoples language ability. Also, it is hard to understand and not 5) _ by many people, since the words might make people confused, even 6) _ misunderstanding.The speakersopinionThe important thing is to use Internet slang with the right person in the right 7) _.vividhumorchattingharmacceptedresulting insituationsListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2.2. Listen again and check () the correct answers to complete the following sentences.Passage1 (Chatting online / Internet slang) is very popular among teenagers.2 The speakers tone is (objective / subjective).3 Living in the Information Age, wed better know Internet slang; otherwise we (may fall behind the times / will be ill-informed).Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAt present, Internet slang, such as CUL (see you later), F2T (free to talk), and GA (go ahead), enjoys growing popularity among teenagers. There are different opinions on Internet slang. Some people think Internet slang is cool and vivid, full of humor and intelligence. Besides, it makes chatting easier and quicker. However, some other people think Internet slang will harm peoples language ability. Also, it is hard to understand and not accepted by many people, since the words might make people confused, even resulting in misunderstanding. In my opinion, every coin has two sides. Living in the Information Age, if we dont know Internet slang, we risk falling behind the times. The important thing is to use it with the right person in the right situation.ScriptsPassageListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express3.3. Work in groups to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using Internet slang.PassageAdvantagesDisadvantageslovely and fashionablebrief and attractivefull of humor andintelligenceconvenientpopularInterestingeasily accepted by the youthhard to understandnot logical and too simplenot formal and not universalmake people confusednot accepted by many peoplenot standardListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express3.3. Work in groups to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using Internet slang.PassageReference for oral workAdvantages of using internet slang: There are several advantages to using slang. If you use slang, youll have a private language that not everyone can understand. You could also appear “cool” if you know popular slang terms. Its easy to write. You use less syllables when talking thereby getting your point across faster and more efficiently. Disadvantages of using internet slang:Some disadvantages of using slang are it is mostly corrupted versions of an original language and it is only understood by a certain group. Since the words or new meanings may not be known by some listeners, or the meanings may be understood as different, communication is limited. Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslPassage AlPassage BLuv 2 txtAre humans or technology breaking Olympic records?ReadingListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressLuv 2 txtlLead-inlText studylExercisesPassage AListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Luv 2 txt Lead-inlExtended readinglPre-reading questionslVideo appreciationListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressLead-in- Video appreciationPassage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressIMO=in my opinion 我觉得,我认为KIT=keep in touch 保持联系IOW=in other words 意思是换句话说 TTYL=Talk to you later 意思是再见,下次回头再聊BBS=be back soon 意思是马上回来BRB=be right back 意思是马上回来FYI= For Your Information 解释为: 提供给您的信息，供您参考，是现在比较流行的英文缩写，常用于电子邮件中BTW=By the way 意思是换个话题，在日常的短信及聊天时使用，以解决话题转换时给人带来唐突感觉的问题，相当于常说的“对了”，也有“顺便说一下”的意思。LOL=laughing out loud, or lots of laughs，表示笑得很开心的样子，是网络常用的缩略语。Lead-in- Extended readingPassage A Luv 2 txt 网络中使用的英文缩略语网络中使用的英文缩略语( (Netcronyms) )Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressur your Gz geeze (表惊讶) IC i see OIC oh, i see IMHO in my humble opinion L8R later L8ly lately OTOH on the other hand POV point of view Lead-in- Extended readingPassage A Luv 2 txt 网络中使用的英文缩略语网络中使用的英文缩略语( (Netcronyms) )Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressROTFL rolling on the floor laughing Omg oh my godThx thankNt nice tryGj good jobNm never mindSkul schoolgoing to gonnaGotta got toLead-in- Extended readingPassage A Luv 2 txt 网络中使用的英文缩略语网络中使用的英文缩略语( (Netcronyms) )Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.What instant messaging services do you usually use when you chat with your family, friends, etc.? Why do you prefer them?2.Have you ever used network abbreviations such as GF (girlfriend), u (you), and thx (thanks) when chatting online? What other network abbreviations do you know?3. What are the influences of network abbreviations?Pre-reading questionsPassage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressText studylOrganization of the textlLanguage pointslText readingPassage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage ALuv 2 txt1. You need to send a text to your mom to tell her yoursoccer practice is canceled. In an effort not to get caught, you reach very slowly, skillfully and one-handedly into your bag. Drawing your bright purple cellphone fromthe inside pocket, you are careful not to press any buttonthat will reveal your mission to your teacher, who istalking at the front of the room. With the phone in your lap, you try not to look down as you type: “Soccercanceled! pick2 thx.”_Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A2. Sent. You put it into your jacket pocket, fearing you will not be able to get it back in your bag without the teacher noticing. But wait your BFF Lucys hair looked ridiculous when you passed her in the hall on your way to the washroom. It would be unthinkable to wait until lunch to tell her. Only a horrible friend would let her walk around with such an embarrassing hairdo! So, you repeat the sneaky process of texting: “Fix ur hair, its sticking?!” Now, not only have you missed two whole possibly important minutes of your teachers lecture, but your spelling and vocabulary are getting worse and worse._Luv 2 txt_Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A3. Can you understand the title of this article? Anyone who has ever texted or used instant messaging will be able to. Most teens love to text. Our English teachers, parents, and future employers would prefer we pay attention to our grammar, but in reality most of us dont. There are times when we have to use proper grammar and times when we dont. The problem is that the line between when to spellcheck and proofread and when to just type and send is becoming unclear and almost invisible._Luv 2 txtListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A4. The way we type affects the way we spell. Ever catch yourself writing the letter “u” instead of the word “you” in an essay for school? What about the letters “tho” instead of the word “though”? In a world where instant satisfaction is everything, we simply do not take the time to add the few extra letters. Although teens today will eventually become the ones who set the standards for spelling and grammar, our elders are the ones who are in charge now, and they look down on spelling and grammar errors. These errors can easily affect ones grades or job opportunities._Luv 2 txtListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A5. Notice it or not, the words we choose, or rather dont choose, when we use informal communication are of great importance. We almost never see a teen use extensive vocabulary taught by our teachers in a text message. Seldom do we see the word “exultant” for happy, “sorrowful” for sad, or “ecstatic” for glad in a text. We must reawaken this vast vocabulary of obscure and unused words if we expect to succeed in exams like the SAT that affect our future._Luv 2 txtListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A6. So, go ahead, work your fingers to the bone texting, but before you hit Send, think about what you have written. Consider your words and the way youve spelt them and maybe, just maybe, you will retype your message.Luv 2 txtListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressOrganization of the textStructurePart I (Para. _)Part II (Para. _)Part III (Para. _)1-23-56Situation: Examples of using abbreviations to textProblem: Neglecting spelling and grammarSolution: Paying attention to the words you usePassage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressDrawing your bright purple cellphone from the inside pocket, you are careful not to press any button that will reveal your mission to your teacher, who is talking at the front of the room.(Line 4, Para. 1)你小心翼翼地从里面的口袋掏出你的亮紫色手机，尽量不去碰触会对正在前面讲课的老师泄漏你企图的任何按键。drawing的用法为现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语为you。 that will reveal为定语从句，修饰先行词any button，that为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。who is talking为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your teacher。Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressYou put it into your jacket pocket, fearing you will not be able to get it back in your bag without the teacher noticing.担心把手机放回包里时老师会注意到，于是你就把它放到夹克的口袋里。天气晴朗，微风轻拂。The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.(Line 1, Para. 2)without the teacher noticing 的用法为介词后跟包含现在分词的复合宾语。Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressNow, not only have you missed two whole possibly important minutes of your teachers lecture, but your spelling and vocabulary are getting worse and worse.(Line 9, Para. 2)现在你不仅错失了老师有可能及其重要的两分钟讲解，而且你的拼写和词汇变得越来越差。他不仅作出了许诺，而且履行了诺言。 Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it. not onlybut also连接两个分句时，如果not only置于句首，分句要用倒装，but also分句不倒装，可以省去but只留also，也可以省去also只留but。Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressThere are times when we have to use proper grammar and times when we dont. 有时我们必须用恰当的语法有时则不必。有时我不知道做什么。There are times when I dont know what to do.(Line 5, Para. 3)there are times when 有时候Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressThe problem is that the line between when to spellcheck andproofread and when to just type and send is becoming unclear and almost invisible.问题是：青少年们已经分不清楚什么时候该检查拼写并改错，什么时候只是打字并发送信息。我的观点是你得面对问题。My point is that you should face the problem. (Line 7, Para. 3)the problem is that: that 引导表语从句。Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressThe problem is that the line between when to spellcheck andproofread and when to just type and send is becoming unclear and almost invisible.问题是：青少年们已经分不清楚什么时候该检查拼写并改错，什么时候只是打字并发送信息。(Line 7, Para. 3)爱与恨之间的界限模糊了。The line between love and hate has blurred. the line between A and B: A与B之间的界限，文中的A和B由连接副词when加不定式构成。 Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express Ever catch yourself writing the letter “u” instead of the word “you” in an essay for school?你是不是在学校写文章时曾经用字母“u”代替“you”呢？她抓住他们正在偷她的苹果。 She caught them stealing her apples.(Line 1, Para. 4)catch sb. doing sth.: 撞见或抓住某人在做某事Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAlthough teens today will eventually become the ones who set the standards for spelling and grammar, our elders are the ones who are in charge now, and they look down on spelling and grammar errors.虽然今天的青少年最终会成为设置拼写和语法标准的人，但现在却是长辈们说了算，他们看不起拼写错误和语法错误。Although 引导让步状语从句，两个who引导定语从句修饰两个ones，分别指代 teens 与 elders。(Line 6, Para. 4)Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressNotice it or not, the words we choose, or rather dont choose, when we use informal communication are of great importance.无论你是否注意到，我们进行非正式交流时选择使用或不用的词汇是很重要的。notice it or not 在文中属于一个让步状语从句的省略形式，其完整的从句应为No matter whether we notice it or not。(Line 1, Para. 5)你的建议很有价值。 Your advice is of great value.(=Your advice is valuable.)be of great importance: be important 重要的be of +抽象名词=该抽象名词对应的形容词，类似的抽象名词还有value, use, help, benefit等，这些名词前可用little, some, no, any, great, much等修饰。Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressSeldom do we see the word “exultant” for happy, “sorrowful” for sad, or “ecstatic” for glad in a text.我们很少在课文里看到“exultant”， “sorrowful”， “ecstatic” 这些词来代替happy， sad， glad。我哪儿也找不到他。 Nowhere could I find him.(Line 5, Para. 5) 某些有否定意思的副词放在句首，句子常用倒装语序。我从没见过如此美的地方。Seldom have I seen such a beautiful place.Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWe must reawaken this vast vocabulary of obscure and unused words if we expect to succeed in exams like the SAT that affect our future.如果我们希望能在像SAT这样影响我们未来的考试中成功，我们必须重新唤醒大量难懂的、不常用的词汇。公司希望在四月完成工作。The company expects to complete work in April.(Line 7, Para. 3)expect to do sth.: 预期做某事Well stay at home if it rains.If you need money, I can lend you some. if 引导的条件状语从句放在后面，不用逗号与主句分隔；如果放在前面，则需逗号与主句分隔。Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express雨下得太大了，我们将只得取消板球比赛了。Well have to cancel the cricket match, its raining cats and dogs.cancelvt. to decide that sth. you have planned will not happen 取消同义词：取消安排或预约用 cancel 或 call off, 通常不再做新的安排。推迟安排或预约用 postpone 或 put off。delay 表示延期做某事: delay 或 hold up 还可以表示某事耽误了某人的时间。马上取消这批订货，这一点至关重要。 It is vitally important to cancel the order immediately.(Line 2, Para. 1)Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express为了控制体重，她戒烟了。She stopped smoking in an effort to control weight.in an effort to努力，企图他们掩盖了丑闻以图保全面子. They hushed up the scandal in an effort to save face. (Line 2, Para. 1)Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express他的一言一行都带着强烈的使命感。There is an enormous sense of mission in his speech and gesture. missionn. an important job that sb. has been given to do 任务；使命他执行一项秘密使命。He went on a secret mission. (Line 6, Para. 1)Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressridiculous(Line 4, Para. 2)这是我这辈子听到的最荒唐可笑的事。Its the most ridiculous thing Ive ever heard in my life.adj. very silly or unreasonable可笑的；荒唐的我戴这顶帽子看上去很可笑。 I look ridiculous in this hat. Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express We saw him on the way to California.我们在去加利福尼亚的途中看见了他。while traveling from one place to another 在路上；在途中on sb.s /the way(Line 4, Para. 2)Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express She used to walk around with her nose in the air.她过去总是目中无人地走来走去。四处走动 walk around(Line 6, Para. 2)Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresssneakyadj. doing things in a secret and often dishonest way 偷偷摸摸的；鬼鬼祟祟的 (Line 8, Para. 2)这种做生意的方式偷偷摸摸、遮遮掩掩。It is a sneaky and underhand way of doing business.一个小孩鬼鬼祟祟地在干什么事情的时候，通常另一个小孩可以判断出来。 One kid can generally tell when another kid is sneaky. Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressinvisibleadj. sth. that is invisible cannot be seen 看不见的(Line 9, Para. 3)空气中充满了许多看不见的细菌。The air is full of millions of invisible germs. 她在昏暗的房间里别人看不到她。 She was invisible in the dusk of the room. Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressaffectv. to do sth. that produces a change in sth. or sb.s situation 影响(Line 1, Para. 4)不良的家庭环境能影响儿童的健康成长。 A bad home environment can affect a childs healthy growth. 别为小事伤了和气。 Dont let this trifling matter affect our good relationship. Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresssatisfactionn. the action of providing sth. that sb. wants or needs （对需要或需求的）满足(Line 5, Para. 4)婴儿只关注对自己生理需要的满足。Infants are concerned only with the satisfaction of their physical needs. 她因儿子的成就而感到心满意足。 She felt a glow of satisfaction at her sons achievements. 短语：to ones satisfaction 令满意的是Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressextraadj. (only before noun) more than the usual or standard amount of sth. 额外的(Line 6, Para. 4)供应早餐，不另收费。 Breakfast is provided at no extra charge.警方告诫驾车者出门上班要留出富余时间。 Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work. Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresschargen. the position of having control over or responsibility for sth. or sb. 主管；负责 (Line 9, Para. 4)几年前，他接管了该公司。A few years ago he took charge of the company.这个新职位赋予他管理全公司计算机系统的职权。 The new position puts him in charge of the computer systems throughout the company. 短语：in charge (of) take charge (of) 负责;管理Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslook down on (upon)to think that you are better or more important than sb. else, or think that sth. is not good enough for you 轻视；看不起(Line 9, Para.4 )我一无所成，所以他们瞧不起我。I wasnt successful, so they looked down on me.我们不应该轻视体力劳动。 We should not look down on manual labor.Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressextensive(Line 4, Para. 5)adj. large in size, amount, or degree 大量的；大规模的由于大面积的伐木，森林遭到了破坏。Forests were destroyed due to extensive logging.洪水对该镇造成了大规模的破坏。 The flood caused extensive damage to the town. Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressobscure(Line 7, Para. 5)adj. unclear or difficult to understand 不清楚的；难懂的他发言的要点模糊不清。The point of his speech is obscure. 这些合同的语言晦涩难懂。 The contracts are written in obscure language. Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresswork sb.s fingers to the boneto work very hard 拼命干活；努力工作(Line 1, Para. 6)我得拼命地工作直到把借款还清。I have to work my fingers to the bone till I pay back all my debts.他们拼命干活，想在天黑之前把房子漆完。 They worked their fingers to the bone trying to get the house painted before dark.Passage A Luv 2 txt Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A ExerciseslVocabulary & StructurelTranslationlComprehensionListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A ComprehensionA A student sends a message to his friend because of her ridiculous hairdo.B Most teens dont pay attention to grammar while texting.C Teens should avoid spelling and grammar errors since they might affect the future of the teens.D Change the way you type and spell and do it now.E A student sends a message to his mom during the class.F The extensive vocabulary must be reawakened for the future of the teens.Paragraph 11.1. Match the six paragraphs of the passage with their main ideas.Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5Paragraph 6Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1. Why does the student send a message to his mom in a sneaky way?Passage A Comprehension2.2. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.A Because he fears that he may type wrong words.B Because he needs to pay extra attention to the wording.C Because he fears that he would get caught.D Because he doesnt want to disturb his teachers lecture.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2. Who would prefer teens pay attention to grammar?Passage A ComprehensionA Their English teachers.B Their parents.C Their future employers.D All of the above.3. Why are many teens spelling and vocabulary getting worse and worse?A Because they are unwilling to take more time to study.B Because they often use abbreviations while texting.C Because they have lots of housework to do.D Because they rely too much on computers to correct their spelling.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Vocabulary and structure1.1. Complete the following table with the words from the passage.WordsSynonyms（同义词）WordsAntonyms（反义词）vasterroreventuallyaffectcancelunclearemployerinvisibleinformalsorrowfulhugemistakefinallyinfluencecall offclearemployeevisibleformalgladListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Vocabulary and structure2.2. Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Change the form if necessary.1. A local custom in the country is to _ barefoot (赤脚地) at all times of the year.2. Ben will be _ to Denmark tonight to attend his brothers wedding.3. Some companies have even given gift cards away _ win more customers. 4. The clever use of colors _ to the success of the oil painting.5. It doesnt matter if people _ you, but you should never belittle (轻视) yourself.walk aroundon his way in an effort to is of great importancelook down onin an effort tolook down onwalk aroundbe of great importanceon sb.s wayListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1. Women have yet to achieve full _ with men in the workplace.2. A large majority of elderly Americans depend solely (仅仅) on social _ income.3. Many fashions continue to lose their _ in recent years.4. A hundred years ago, few people believed in the _ of flying. 5. Chinas woven straw items are popular for their elegant designs and _.3.3. Add the suffix “-ity” to the words given below. Then complete the following sentences with the words thus formed.possibleequalpracticalpopularsecureequalitysecurity popularitypossibilitypracticalityPassage A Vocabulary and structureListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressColumn AColumn B do we hear such fine singing from school choirs (合唱团). when it is better to be a listener. to say which is better. who are in charge of the picture show.It would be hardThey are the onesThere are timesPassage A Vocabulary and structure4.4. Combine the sentence beginnings in Column A with the endings in Column B to form complete sentences.SeldomListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Vocabulary and structure5.5. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words given below. Do not use any of the words more than once.extensiveproofreading dependentaffectedspellingstandardseffectedlimitedchargeprovederrorsrisemissioncommunicationreviewing“The rising popularity of text messaging on cellphones poses a threat to writing1) _ among Irish schoolchildren,” an Irish education commission said.“The frequency of2) _ in grammar and punctuation (标点符号) has become a serious concern,” the State Examinations Commission said in a report after3) _ exam performance by 15-year-old teens.“The emergence of the cellphone and the 4) _ of text messaging as a popular means of 5) _ would appear to have badly 6) _ the standards of writing. It has been 7) _ in the responses of candidates,” the report said, according to Irish Times.standardserrorsreviewingrisecommunicationaffectedprovedListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Vocabulary and structure5.5. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words given below. Do not use any of the words more than once.extensiveproofreading dependentaffectedspellingstandardseffectedlimitedchargeprovederrorsrisemissioncommunicationreviewing“Text messaging, with its use of phonetic (语音的) 8) _ and little or no punctuation, seems to pose a threat to the standards for spelling and grammar in writing.”The report pointed out that, in many cases, candidates seemed “unduly (过度地) 9) _ on short sentences, simple tenses and a(n) 10) _ vocabulary.”spellingdependentlimitedListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage A Translation1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.The problem is that the line between when to spellcheck and proofread and when to just type and send is becoming unclear and almost invisible.2. Teach him gently, World, but dont spoil him, because only the test of fire makes fine steel.问题是：青少年们已经分不清楚什么时候该检查拼写问题是：青少年们已经分不清楚什么时候该检查拼写并改错和什么时候只是打字并发送信息。并改错和什么时候只是打字并发送信息。无论你是否注意到，我们进行非正式交流时选择使用无论你是否注意到，我们进行非正式交流时选择使用或不用的词汇是很重要的。或不用的词汇是很重要的。Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.教练要求每个球员在训练时都要注意技巧。(pay attention to) _2.互联网在很多方面影响了我们的生活。(affect) _3.由于一场突如其来的暴风雨，我们的航班被取消了。(cancel) _2.2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets.The coach demands that each player should pay attention to the techniques while practicing.The Internet affects our lives in many ways.Our plane was cancelled because of a sudden rainstorm.Passage A TranslationListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAre humans or technology breaking Olympic records?lLead-inlText studylExercisesPassage BListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressLead-inlVideo appreciationlPre-reading activityPassage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPre-readingA helmet1.1. Match the following words with the pictures.ACBB footwearC wheelchairPassage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPre-reading2.2. What do you know about sports technology?Sports technologies have promoted the sports performances. We still remember the full-body swimsuit Ian Thorpe wore in the Olympics in 2000, which helped him break three world records. The latest sports technologies are also used in rowing, cycling, racing, etc.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressLead-in- Video appreciationPassage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Questions about video clip1.What do you know about the making technology of football? 2.Do you think such kind of sports technology can improve athletes performance? Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressText studylLanguage pointslText readingPassage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAre humans or technologybreaking Olympic records?1.When Oscar Pistorius fought successfully to compete in the 2012 London Olympic Games with his two artificial legs, he challenged many peoples Olympian ideal of celebrating human athletic performance without technological support or other aids.2.Yet the attention focused on Pistorius, whose name has earned him the nickname “Blade Runner,” has mostly failed to notice technologys role in helping humans break Olympic records over the past decades._Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAre humans or technologybreaking Olympic records?3. “The Pistorius case alone reveals the deep irony in societys views toward technology in sports and normal life,” said Brittain, author of The Paralympic Games Explained. He points out that society tends to view disabled people as being at a disadvantage because their bodies are different, yet Pistorius received criticism for having an unfair advantage with his artificial legs and becoming in a sense “more than human.”_Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAre humans or technologybreaking Olympic records?4. Technological booster shot Generally, Olympic sports have drawn wide attention more often for taking a position against “technological doping” rather than cheering on new technological breakthroughs. 5.The full-body swimsuit was banned after athletes who wore Speedos LZR Racer swimsuit won 94 percent of the swimming medals and broke 15 long-course world records at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. But according to a report called Sports Engineering: An Unfair Advantage? Such bans cant avoid the fact that “technology is as much a part of an athletes resources as nutrition, training and coaching.”_Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAre humans or technologybreaking Olympic records?6. Steve Haake, a sports engineer in the UK, has studied technologys contribution to better Olympic performances. He found that technology alone contributed to a 30 percent increase in both pole vaulting and javelin performances. Technology played an even bigger role in cycling. Nearly 100 percent out of the 221 percent overall improvement in the one-hour cycling record came from better technology, according to Haake.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAre humans or technologybreaking Olympic records?7. The arms and legs raceIts true that better technology has shaped the Olympics, but people want to celebrate athletes for their hard work rather than their use of the latest sports technology. David James, a sports engineer, discovered the most common concerns over the use of sports technology through holding meetings attended by more than 20,000 members of the public.8. People feared that sports engineering could overshadow the triumph of spirit and effort and make certain sports easier. They also worried that the “best athletes” might not win, and that sports engineering gave rich athletes an d countries anadvantage over poor ones._Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAre humans or technologybreaking Olympic records?9. Such fears have also surfaced in the Paralympic Games. “Paralympic medal winners have usually come from Western nations that have the most advanced wheelchairs or artificial limbs in a technological leg race,” said David Howe, a sports anthropologist.10. Better technologies have played an even greater role in the Paralympics than the Olympics. Wheelchair racers have gone from being much slower than able-bodied runners to becoming much faster because of wheelchair technology the record in the 800 meter event dropped from 1:55.67 in the 1980s to 1:32.17 in 2012._Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAre humans or technologybreaking Olympic records?11. Technology for everyoneGoverning bodies for Olympic sports should actively monitor the latest technologies that could affect sports performances and plan rather than merely react to changes, says an Institution of Mechanical Engineers report. But it also stressed the risks of restricting sports technology too much.12. After all, Olympic sports such as tennis have overseen the advance of technologies from wooden rackets to graphite rackets without ruining the spirit of the Games. Just as important, many sports technologies allow people outside the small groups of professional athletes to have more fun._Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressAre humans or technologybreaking Olympic records?13. In addition to athletic enjoyment, the technology race in the Paralympics has an added advantage: Better sports technologies can lead to better wheelchairs and artificial limbs used by disabled people in their daily lives. Such technological products make the Paralympics somewhat similar to Formula One racing transforming technologies in consumer cars._Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWhen Oscar Pistorius fought successfully to compete in the 2012 London Olympic Games with his two artificial legs, he challenged many peoples Olympian ideal of celebrating human athletic performance without technological support or other aids.当奥斯卡皮斯托瑞斯用他的两个假肢成功的参加了2012年伦敦奥运会，他挑战了很多人关于庆祝没有技术支持的人类运动能力的奥林匹克理想。celebrating的用法为动名词，和介词of构成定语，修饰Olympian ideal，类似的用法还有：(Line 1, Para. 1)他精通交友之道。 He is good at the art of making friends.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressYet the attention focused on Pistorius, whose name has earned him the nickname “Blade Runner,” has mostly failed to notice technologys role in helping humans break Olympic records over the past decades.然而，对“刀锋战士”皮斯托瑞斯的关注大部分都没注意到技术在过去十年里在帮助人类打破奥运纪录方面的作用。focused on 过去分词做后置定语，whose为关系代词，先行词为人，在文中引导了非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Pistorins。break Olympic record: 打破奥运会记录(Line 1, Para. 2)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express The Pistorius case alone reveals the deep irony in societys views toward technology in sports and normal life当奥斯卡皮斯托瑞斯用他的两个假肢成功的参加了2012年伦敦奥运会，他挑战了很多人关于庆祝没有技术支持的人类运动能力的奥林匹克理想。alone为副词，不用于名词前，意为“仅仅，只”(without including anything else)。(Line 1, Para. 3)城里只有十五座教堂。 There are fifteen churches in the town center alone.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressGenerally, Olympic sports have drawn wide attention more often for taking a position against “technological doping” rather than cheering on new technological breakthroughs.一般说来，奥林匹克运动已经引起的广泛关注更多的是因为反对技术性服用兴奋剂的立场，而不是为新的技术突破欢呼rather than 而不是。(Line 1, Para. 4)她的演说之所以令人难忘，不是因其内容而是因其辩论方法。 Her speech was memorable for its polemic rather than its substance. Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressThe full-body swimsuit was banned after athletes who wore Speedos LZR Racer swimsuit won 94 percent of the swimming medals and broke 15 long-course world records at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.穿着Speedos LZR Racer泳衣的运动员在2008年北京奥运会上夺得了94%的奖牌，打破了15项长期保持的世界纪录，之后全身泳衣就被禁止了。after引导了时间状语从句；who wore Speedos LZR Racer swimsuit为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词athletes；break/beat a world record: 打破世界记录，关于记录record的常用短语还有：set a record 创纪录hold a record 保持记录(Line 1, Para. 5)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresssuch bans cant avoid the fact that “technology is as much a part of an athletes resources as nutrition, training and coaching.”这些禁令不能避免的一个事实是，技术已经和营养、培养、训练等资源一样成为运动员的一部分。that 引导从句做fact的同位语；as much as表示同样地，同等程度地(Line 6, Para. 5)那等同于说我是个撒谎者。That is as much as saying I am a liar.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressIts true that better technology has shaped the Olympics, but people want to celebrate athletes for their hard work rather than their use of the latest sports technology.毫无疑问先进的科技影响了奥林匹克，但是人们想要庆祝的是运动员的努力而不是他们使用了最先进的运动科技。无论喜欢与否，家庭影响了我们的生活，决定了我们成为什么样的人。 Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are.shape 决定的形成;影响的发展(Line 1, Para. 7)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressJames, a sports engineer, discovered the most common concerns over the use of sports technology through holding meetings attended by more than 20,000 members of the public.体育工程师詹姆斯通过举办超过20,000的公众参加的会议发现了对于体育技术应用的共同关注。through为介词，文中意为“通过，凭借”(by means of)；attended的用法为过去分词作定语，在文中相当于一个定语从句which had been attended。(Line 4, Para. 7)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWheelchair racers have gone from being much slower than able-bodied runners to becoming much faster because of wheelchair technology因为轮椅技术，轮椅赛手已经从比体格健全的人慢的多变为比他们快的多。 go fromto: 从到，to后面的becoming much faster省略了than able-bodied runners，和前面的成分一致。(Line 2, Para. 10)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressGoverning bodies for Olympic sports should actively monitor the latest technologies that could affect sports performances and plan rather than merely react to changes.奥林匹克运动会的管理层应该积极监督能够影响运动成绩和运动计划的最新科技而不只是对这些变化作出反应。that 引导定语从句修饰the latest technologies。(Line 1, Para. 11)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressJust as important, many sports technologies allow people outside the small groups of professional athletes to have more fun.同样重要的是，许多体育技术让小部分专业运动员以外的人有更多的乐趣。outside the mall groups of professional athletes的用法为介词短语作后置定语，修饰people。(Line 4, Para. 12)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressSuch technological products make the Paralympics somewhat similar to Formula One racing transforming technologies in consumer cars.这些技术产品使得残奥会如同一级方程式赛车对赛车的技术改造。make sth. difficult/easy/possible/similar etc.:使某事物困难/简单/可能/相似；transforming的用法为现在分词作定语，相当于定语从句which/that transforms, 用来修饰Formula One racing（一级方程式赛车）。(Line 4, Para. 13)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express这家著名公司的董事长正在努力克服困境。The president of this famous company was trying to overcome the difficult situation.fight to do努力争取做某事(Line 1, Para. 1)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressartificial (Line 2, Para. 1)这件衣服是人造纤维的。This dress is made of artificial fibers.adj. not real or natural, but made to look real or natural 人造的；假的牙医给我镶了颗假牙。I was fitted an artificial tooth by the dentist.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express他把心思集中在功课上。He focused his mind on his lessons. focus on to give all your attention to a particular person or thing 集中（注意力）于噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.(Line 1, Para. 2)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressearn (Line 2, Para. 2)通过努力训练，盖尔在队中赢得了自己的位置。Gail earned her place on the team by practicing hard. v. if your actions or qualities earn you sth., they make you deserve to have it 赢得，博得公司必须树立诚信的声誉。Companies must earn a reputation for honesty.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express父母在孩子学习过程中起重要作用。Parents play an important role in their childs learning. have/play a role in (doing) sth在（做）某事情中起某种作用(Line 3, Para. 2)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express过去的十年间，物价一直在上涨。Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.decaden. a period of 10 years 十年十几年过去了，这件事在人们的记忆里已经淡去了。More than a decade has passed, and the matter has now become a faint memory.(Line 4, Para. 2)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresspoint out指出(Line 4, Para. 3)敬希读者指正。 It is hoped that the readers will kindly point out our errors.我必须指出拖延是不明智的。 I must point out that delay is unwise.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express我们应把法律视为一种实现一定社会目标的方式。We should view the law as a way of meeting certain social goals.view sth. as sth.把某事物看成某事物(Line 4, Para. 3)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express不能使用计算机的人处于劣势。 Anyone who cant use a computer is at a disadvantage.be at a disadvantage 处于劣势(Line 5, Para. 3)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express裁判作出不公正的判决。The referee made an unfair decision.unfairadj. not right or fair 不公平的；不公正的反义词：fair(Line 7, Para. 3)你刚认识她就对她作出评价，这是不公平的。It was unfair to judge her on such a brief acquaintanceship.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express从某种意义上来讲你是对的，但你不知道事情。You are right in a sense, but you dont know the truth.in a sense从某种意义上来讲(Line 8, Para. 3)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresspositionn. (on sth.) opinion, attitude (对某事物的)态度，立场(Line 2, Para. 4)该党在税收改革方面的立场是什么？Whats the Partys position on tax reform?短语：take a position against sth.:对某事物持反对立场学校反对作弊。The school takes a position against cheating.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressbanv. to officially say that people must not do sth. or that sth. is not allowed 禁止；取缔(Line 1, Para. 5)加拿大将从今年晚些时候起在办公场所全面禁烟。Canada will ban smoking in all offices later this year.委员会要求全球禁止捕鲸。The commission is calling for a global ban on whaling.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?n. an official order saying that people must not do sth. 禁令ban doing sth. / be banned from doing sth 禁止（做某事）Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express报告说两艘船存在的设计缺陷也促成了这场悲剧的发生。The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy.短语：contribute to促成；促使v. to help to make sth. happen 促成；造成contribute(Line 4, Para. 6)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express销售额持续显示出增加的迹象。 Sales figures continue to show signs of improvement.improvement n. the state of being better than before, or the process of making sth. better than it was before 改进；提高医生注意到病人在逐渐恢复健康。The doctor noticed a gradual improvement in his patient.(Line 7, Para. 6)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresscome from 由造成, 源自(Line 8, Para. 6)知识来自于实践。 Knowledge comes from practice.他一生中的波动源于疾病和不测。The turbulence in his life has come from illness and accidents.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressovershadow (Line 1, Para. 8)她的新书将会使她以前写的书都黯然失色。 Her new book will overshadow all her earlier ones.v. to make sb. or sth. else seem less important 使显得不重要；使相形见绌赫斯特在她那年轻而且姿色更胜一筹的妹妹面前黯然失色。Hester is overshadowed by her younger and more attractive sister.Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express同样的老问题会再次暴露出来。The same old problems would surface again.v. When something such as a piece of news, a feeling, or a problem surfaces, it becomes known or becomes obvious. 显露;暴露；流露；公开surface(Line 1, Para. 9)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?各种情绪都会在生活中的某个时刻流露出来。The emotions will surface at some point in life.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressable-bodiedadj. having a strong healthy body 体格健全的；身强体壮的(Line 3, Para. 10)构构词法：法： 形容词+名词+-ed warm-hearted kind-hearted widespread热情的好心肠的广泛传播的Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express他们对这条新闻反应强烈。They reacted violently to the news.reactv. to behave in a particular way because of sth. that has happened or been said （作出）反应警方在面对紧急情况时必须能迅速作出反应。The police must be able to react swiftly in an emergency.(Line 3, Para. 11)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express他觉得这一新法律会限制他的自由。He feels this new law will restrict his freedom.restrictv. to control sth. or keep it within limits 限制；控制在头两周里，病人们只能在院子里活动。For the first two weeks patients are restricted to the grounds.(Line 5, Para. 11)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express与议会冲突可能使政府的计划成为泡影。A collision with parliament could ruin the governments plans. ruinv. to spoil or destroy sth. completely（完全地）毁坏，毁掉忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。My wife was ruining her health through worry. (Line 3, Para. 12)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express我知道你们是兄弟，你们一样英俊。 I can tell you are brothers. You are just as handsome. just as正像，正如(Line 4, Para. 12)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express暑假使得这对年轻的夫妇能够享受他们的蜜月。 The summer holiday allowed the young couple to enjoy their honeymoon.allow sb. to do sth使某人有可能做成某事(Line 4, Para. 12)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express除修理费之外还有邮寄和包装费。Theres a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge.in addition to 除之外(Line 1, Para. 13)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?除了写作，我还喜欢攀岩。In addition to writing, I also enjoy rock climbing.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express这个沙发可改作床用。The sofa can transform for use as a bed. transformv. to completely change the appearance, character, etc. of sb. or sth., especially in a good way 使改变；使转化改山造田可是硬碰硬的事。To transform hills into fields is an extremely tough job. (Line 6, Para. 13)Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B ExerciseslVocabulary & structurelTranslationlComprehensionlOral workListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Comprehension1.1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).F1 Pistorius proved himself with the help of artificial legs and helped people to notice the good aspect of technology.2 People were afraid to admit the importance of hightech devices in sports because the purpose of Olympic Games was to celebrate the performance of human athletes.3 Sports technologies have made a greater contribution in the Paralympics than in the Olympics.4 People worried that rich athletes and countries would take an advantage of using advanced technology to beat poor ones.TTTListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2.2. Answer the following questions.Passage B Comprehension1 What did Oscar Pistorius challenge when he fought successfully to compete in the 2012 Olympics with his artificial legs?2 What did Brittain mean by “the deep irony”?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Vocabulary and structure1.1. Complete the following words according to their definitions. The first letter of each word is given for your reference.1 d_ n. a period of 10 years2 a_ adj. not real or natural, but made to look real or natural3 r_ v.to behave in a particular way because of sth. that has happened or been said 4 i_ n.a principle about what is morally right or a perfect standard that you hope to achieve5 r_ v.to spoil or destroy sth. completely6 e_ v.to get sth. that you deserve or have worked forecadertificialeactdealuinarnListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressHer parents _ to the news was surprisingly calm.We can only guess at how James would _ if he saw his ballroom today.The schools _ body took responsibility for the decision.The country is _ by elected representatives (代表) of the people.2.2. Compare each pair of words and complete the following sentences with the right one. Change the form if necessary.1 govern, governing2 react, reactiongoverninggoverned reaction reactPassage B Vocabulary and structureListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressIt would be _ not to let you have a choice.It seems that people are spending a lot of money on _ tennis.3 professional, professionHer ability carried her to the top of her _.4 fair, unfairTeachers have to be _ in marking examination papers.professionprofessionalfairunfairPassage B Vocabulary and structure2.2. Compare each pair of words and complete the following sentences with the right one. Change the form if necessary.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1 He accidentally _ what the problem was. 2 Opening the new supermarket has _ the creation of 200 jobs. 3 Tom said that the candidates of this talent show _ all over the world.3.3. Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Change the form if necessary.lead tofind outpoint outfound out came from led toPassage B Vocabulary and structurefocus onin addition tocome fromListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express4 _ his musicals, Bernstein has written symphonies (交响曲) and ballet music. 5 Today were going to _ the question of homeless people. 3.3. Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Change the form if necessary.lead tofind outpoint out In addition to focus onPassage B Vocabulary and structurefocus onin addition tocome from6 The manager _ that his products were far superior (更好的) to those of other companies. points outListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressColumn AColumn B but he is not so bad as you might think. he has to study a second foreign language. it is already two oclock. Ill show you the garden.When it stops raining, According to my watch, In addition to English, Passage B Vocabulary and structure4.4. Combine the sentence beginnings in Column A with the endings in Column B to form complete sentences.Its true that he stole thebicycle, Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Translation1.1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.Its true that better technology has shaped the Olympics, but people want to celebrate athletes for their hard work rather than their use of the latest sports technology.2. Governing bodies for Olympic sports should actively monitor the latest technologies that could affect sports performances and plan rather than merely react to changes,毫无疑问先进的科技影响了奥林匹克，但是人们想要毫无疑问先进的科技影响了奥林匹克，但是人们想要庆祝的是运动员的努力而不是他们使用了最先进的运庆祝的是运动员的努力而不是他们使用了最先进的运动科技。动科技。奥林匹克运动会的管理层应该积极监督能够影响运动奥林匹克运动会的管理层应该积极监督能够影响运动成绩和运动计划的最新科技而不只是对这些变化作出成绩和运动计划的最新科技而不只是对这些变化作出反应反应Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1.评论家们普遍认为，她的新书会使她的早期作品黯然失色。(overshadow)_2.人们担心地方政府的这项新政策会限制当地的经济发展。(restrict) _3.经过一年的刻苦努力，她的画技有了很大的提高。(improvement) _ _2.2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets. The critics generally considered that her new book would overshadow the early ones.People worried that the new policy of the local government would restrict the local economic development.After a year of hard work, there has been great improvement in her painting.Passage B TranslationListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Oral workWork in groups to discuss the followingquestions.1 What do you think of some peoples concern that sports technologies benefit rich people and countries more than poor ones? Do you think they should be banned? Why or why not?2 In your opinion, which one plays a greater role in breaking records, athletes hard work or technology? Why?Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressPassage B Oral workReference1 It is possible that sports technologies benefit rich people and countries more than poor ones. I think they should be banned, because sports technologies cost a lot of money, and rich people and countries have money to buy some latest technologies to enhance their sports performance, while poor ones dont have the money. It seems not to be very fair.(I dont think they should be banned. Because technologies are not always useful, and spirit in sports is usually much more important than the performance.)2 I think athletes hard work plays a greater role in breaking records. Because with development of training methods and hard work, athletes can still break records without help of technology such as Sun Yang in the Olympics. (I think technology plays a greater role in breaking records. Because athletes almost reach the limits of bodies in sports performance, technology seems to be more important to enhance their performance.)Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslInfinitives （不定式）lExercisesGrammarListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express 不定式是非谓语动词的一种。非谓语动词是在句子中不作谓语的动词，也就是动词的非谓语形式。除了不定式外，非谓语动词主要还包括动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。Grammar - Infinitives 不定式有两种，即带 to 的不定式（to + 动词原形）和不带 to 的不定式（动词原形）。不定式有一般时、进行时、完成时和完成进行时，也有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态被动语态一般时to doto be done进行时to be doing无被动语态结构完成时to have doneto have been done完成进行时To have been doing无被动语态结构Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。下面仅谈不定式作主语和宾语补足语的一些用法。Grammar - InfinitivesListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express一、动词不定式作主语一、动词不定式作主语1 不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 1) To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 2) To learn English well requires much practice.2不定式可直接作句子主语，但在更多情况下都用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式这个真正主语放到句子后部去，这样可以使主语不至显得太长，保持句子的平衡。 1) To restore (修复) the painting in one week is impossible. It is impossible to restore the painting in one week. 2) To climb mountains needs courage and strength. It needs courage and strength to climb mountains.Grammar - InfinitivesListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express二、动词不定式作宾语补足语二、动词不定式作宾语补足语Grammar - Infinitives1 不定式作宾语补足语，与宾语构成复合宾语（名词 / 代词 + 不定式），形成逻辑上的主谓关系。常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 advise, allow, ask, consider, expect, force, invite, like, persuade, want, wish 等。 1)His fans expected him to be the winner of the singing contest.2)The famous singer invited many friends to come to her wedding.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressGrammar - Infinitives2 在有些动词之后的宾语补足语结构中，不定式符号 to 必须省略。A. 在 have, let, make 等使役动词之后的复合宾语中用不带 to 的不定式。 The interviewer made Peter wait outside.B. 在 feel, hear, notice, see, watch 等感官动词之后的复合宾语中用不带 to 的不定式。 Mother didnt see Christine come in and go upstairs. 但使役动词和感官动词为被动语态时，其后仍用带 to 的不定式，试比较： 1) They often hear Tom sing. 2) Tom was often heard to sing this song.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express2. To translate Mo Yans novels into English is not easy. _3. To watch the final of the World Cup is really exciting. _4. To keep a racehorse will cost a great deal of money. _1.To get to London by train took us six hours. _1.1. Rewrite the following sentences with “it” as the formal subject.Sample: To keep your money in a bank would be safer. It would be safer to keep your money in a bank.It took us six hours to get to London by train. It is not easy to translate Mo Yans novels into English. It is really exciting to watch the final of the World Cup. It will cost a great deal of money to keep a racehorse. Grammar - ExercisesListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture express1. Why not advise the manager _ (reconsider) his decision?2. Dont forget to have John _ (come) for dinner tomorrow?3. In the museum I noticed Mary _ (talk) with David alone for a moment.4. Students are made _ (finish) the research paper within a month.2.2. Complete the following sentences with proper infinitive form of the verbs in brackets.to reconsider come talkto finish Grammar - ExercisesListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslNoteslExercisesWritingListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressNotesWriting Descriptive essays描写文是用来描写人物、事物、地点或某个情景的文体。描写有客观描写和主观描写之分。客观描写只描写事实，传递信息，描写的内容不会随着观察者的看法而改变，其特征是客观准确。主观描写就是观察者在描述对象的特征时，流露出自己的主观感受或看法。从描写对象上来说，描写又可分为以下几类：Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressNotesWriting Descriptive essays人物描写：描写人物时，我们不仅要描写人物的外貌，还应该抓住人物的语言和行为特征，尤其是要抓住其与众不同的地方，揭示人物的性格特征和思想感情。物体描写：描写物体时，我们一般可以从该物体的形状、大小、颜色、质地等方面入手，突出描写该物体某一个或几个重要特征。地点描写：地点描写有时可能仅仅是为了反映某地本身、其位置、周围环境及独特之处，但有时也可能是为了表现人物的性格特征或是制造某种氛围。地点描写往往按照一定的空间顺序展开。情景描写：情景描写指的是在特定的时间和地点以人物活动为中心的画面描写，通常包括三个基本要素：场景、人物和动作。Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Descriptive essaysThe restaurant On any given weekend, young people get together for an evening of fun. Friends gather to go to the movies, to a local meeting place, or to a trendy (时髦的) restaurant. These arenormal activities, but not for me. I am a server. It is eight p.m., and I scan the restaurant and take in all the actionpeople from all walks of life interacting with each other.下面我们通过一篇例文来体会描写文的这些特点。Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Descriptive essays In the left corner of the restaurant are several small round tables, and at this moment, they are all occupied. At one table, I can see a group of four young men, who are wearing brightly colored career outfits. They are all laughing heartily (开怀地). I think one of them has just finished telling a joke. In the central area of the restaurant sits a couple. I can clearly see their shiny wedding rings on their ring fingers. In addition, I can now see that they are arguing about something. They are hunched (弓身) forward, and their faces are tense. I am glad that I cannot hear what they are saying; their body language speaks more loudly than any words that I could ever hear. In the far right cornerof the restaurant, a middle-aged man is sitting alone. I can smell his top-of-the-line cologne (古龙水) whenever I pass by as I head to the kitchen. Every once in a while, he asks the server to refresh his cup of coffee.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting Descriptive essays This is my job. It might not be the most socially rewarding job in the world, but every night I learn something new about the nuances (细微差别) of human interaction. That makes me happy.这篇例文以第一人称的方式描述了一名餐厅侍者晚间工作时的所见所闻。文章主体部分的描写按照空间顺序展开，从左到右，由近到远，依次描写了一群兴高采烈的年轻人、一对陷入争执的夫妇和一位独自啜饮咖啡的中年人。文中既有客观描写，又有主观描写。在描写餐厅见闻的同时，融入了作者自己的主观看法和感受，比如庆幸自己听不到夫妇俩吵架的声音等。从描写对象上看，文中着重体现了人物描写和情景描写。通过对人物的穿戴、表情、动作的描写，从视觉、听觉和嗅觉等角度出发生动地塑造了三组人物形象。同时作者在三个特定场景中表现人物的活动，属于情景描写的范畴。除了人物描写和情景描写之外，文中对地点描写和物体描写也有所涉及，比如对桌子位置和对衣饰的描写，着墨不多，有助于表现人物性格和制造氛围。Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting - ExercisesRead the following essay. Choose the best wayto complete each of the following sentences. My hometown is still in my heart The memories and joy I have experienced in Harrogate, Tennessee will always have a special place in my heart. My house resided in the country. A cow field was my backyard, and I would play hide and seek with my friends behind the hay (干草) bales (大捆). From the moment we got home until the moment the pinkish, yellow sun was setting, my friends and I were always in a new adventure. At times, the golden rays would shine and radiate without a cloud in the sky. The grass had already dried from the early morning dew, making it look freshly cut and greener than ever.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting - ExercisesRead the following essay. Choose the best wayto complete each of the following sentences. During winter season, it would snow fervently. Sometimes school was called off, and my friends and I would get so excited and call each other to make plans to go sledding (乘雪橇) ! Hours later our paths would be perfectly carved in the snow, and we would bready to go in and change to dry clothes, watch a movie, and drink a cup of hot chocolate.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting - ExercisesRead the following essay. Choose the best wayto complete each of the following sentences. When summertime came around again, the park was a popular place to be. I always made new friends there, and there was always so much to do with these new acquaintances. Activities consisted of playing basketball, playing in the sand, riding bikes, and so much more! If I could, I would go back and relive some of these memories. No matter where I go, Harrogate will be home in my heart. No matter how old I am, Harrogate holds some of the most memorable parts of my life.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting - ExercisesRead the following essay. Choose the best wayto complete each of the following sentences.1. The underlined sentence belongs to _.A description of a sceneB description of an objectB2. The italicized sentence belongs to _.A objective descriptionB subjective descriptionBListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressWriting - ExercisesRead the following essay. Choose the best wayto complete each of the following sentences.3. Generally speaking, this essay is organized according to _.A timeB spaceA4. The tense the writer uses in the body part is _.A simple present tenseB simple past tenseBListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expresslSustainable and green Stadium of London Olympic GameslQuestionsCulture expressListening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressCulture express The design and build The Olympic Stadium is both innovative and flexible, with an 80,000 capacity that can be reduced after the Games. It has a permanent lower tier with a capacity of 25,000, and a temporary steel and concrete upper tier, which holds a further 55,000 spectators, that can be dismantled (拆卸) after the Games. The Stadium is also the most sustainable ever built for an Olympic Games. The lower tier sits within a bowl in the ground, which minimizes the use of construction materials. This bowl was created by excavating (挖) 800,000 tonnes of soil, the majority of which was cleaned and reused elsewhere on the Olympic Park.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressCulture express Around 10,000 tonnes of steel were used to build the venuesignificantly less than in other Olympic stadiums, making its construction more sustainable. The top ring of the Stadium was built using surplus gas pipesa visual testament to London 2012s efforts to “reduce, reuse and recycle.”After the GamesThe Stadium is designed to be flexible enough to accommodate (迎合) a number of different requirements and capacities in legacy. It will retain athletics at its core, and also be a venue for other sporting, cultural and community events.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressCulture express Work in groups to discuss the followingquestions.1 Compared with Beijings spectacular Birds Nest, what do you think of the London Olympic Stadium?2 Does the Olympic Games in Beijing involve green ideas? List some examples.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressCulture express Reference1.Compared with Beijings spectacular Birds Nest, what do you think of the London Olympics Stadium? I think the London Olympics Stadium is more sustainable than Beijing Birds Nest. Sports architects are often asked to create athletic temples that will last for decades. The London Olympic Stadium is designed with a clear future in mind: disassembly. Hoping to avoid the now familiar trap of building an Olympic Stadium with little future purposelike Beijings spectacular Birds Nest, which these days hosts winter sledding events and not much elseorganizers of the 2012 London Games asked sports-architecture firm Populous to design a stadium that could be downsized and remade for a different future use. The result is a stadium with 25,000 seats that are meant to be permanent and 55,000 that can be easily removed after the Games.Listening and Listening and Listening and Listening and speakingspeakingspeakingspeakingReadingReadingGrammarGrammarWritingWritingCulture expressCulture expressCulture express Reference2.Does the Olympic Games in Being involve green ideas? List some examples. Yes, the Olympic Games in Being involve some green ideas, because “Green Olympics” is one of the three themes of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. For example, Beijing succeeded in disposing of 90 percent of its urban sewage in the proper manner. More than half of the treated wastewater, or 360 million cubic meters, has been reused both in the agricultural and industrial sectors, especially in cooling towers of power plants. Under the concept of a “Green Olympics”, restrooms in the Workers Stadium have been updated with energy saving technology, and numerous kinds of equipment have been replaced with newer versions that reduce energy consumption. Water systems, drainage systems, automatic sprinkler systems, and fire detection systems have all been updated.