.定定语语定定语语修修饰饰或限制名或限制名词词或代或代词词的的词词、词组词组或从句或从句 The black bike is mine. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. The boy in the room is Jack. It is a swimming pool.定定语后置：后置：如果定如果定语是由是由一个一个单词表示表示时，通常要前置。而，通常要前置。而由由一个一个词组或一个句子或一个句子表示表示时，通常，通常则后置后置The girl in red is his sister.The boy called Jim is my brother。The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?.定定语语从句从句 放在名名词或代或代词后面，由关系代关系代词或关系副或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定定语语从句所修从句所修 饰饰的名（代）的名（代）词词叫作先行叫作先行词词。引引导导定定语语从句的从句的词词叫叫“关系关系词词”。定定语语从句一般从句一般紧紧跟在先行跟在先行词词的后面。的后面。.eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行先行词关系代关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行先行词关系副关系副词.引引导导定定语语从句的从句的关系代关系代词词常常见见的有的有that, which,whowhom等。等。关系代关系代词词放在放在先行先行词词和定和定语语从句之从句之间间，起起连连接作用，同接作用，同时时又作定又作定语语从句的一个成份。从句的一个成份。 eg. The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.主主语语I lost the book( that/which ) you gave me). 宾语宾语.Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代关系代词的的实质the machinea machinethat /which.The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that关系代关系代词实际上代替的就是先行上代替的就是先行词.先行先行词和关系和关系词的关系的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where关系代关系代词实际上是先行上是先行词的复指的复指关系关系词whose实际上是先行上是先行词的所有格的所有格关系副关系副词实际上是介上是介词先行先行词.关系关系词关系代关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose关系副关系副词: when, where, why关系代关系代词： 指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who (主主/宾格格) that whom（宾格）格）.关系代关系代词that, which引引导的定的定语从句从句: 如果如果先行先行词是表示物的是表示物的名名词或代或代词，关系，关系代代词应用用that、which. (作作主主语或或宾语).This is a bookI bought the book yesterday.This is the book which/that I bought yesterday.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.which / that 指物，作主指物，作主语， 不能省不能省 。作。作宾语，可以省。可以省。.These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder which he is using ismade in Japan. which.He is the man (that) I told you about.A plane is a machine that can fly.that.关系代关系代词who, that, whom引引导的定的定语从句从句: 如果如果先行先行词是表示人的名是表示人的名词或代或代词，关，关系代系代词应用用who, that (作作主主语或或宾语)whom (作作宾语).who / that 作主作主语. (不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主作主语)/ that.who / whom / that 作作宾语：( 可省略可省略)The boy is my friend. .I m looking for the boyThe boy ( who/ whom/ that ) I m looking for is my friend.The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.The man whom I nodded to is Mr. Li.who, whom.whose指人或物指人或物, 在定在定语从句中作定从句中作定语 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.whose.whose的先行的先行词指物指物时，可用，可用of which代替，但代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名名词 = the+名名词+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名名词。如：。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.whose的先行的先行词词指人指人时时，可用，可用of whom代替，代替，但但语语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名名词词 = the+名名词词+of whom，或，或= of whom + the + 名名词词。如：。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.先行先行词词与从句的主与从句的主语语构成从属关系构成从属关系 = of which the door = the door of which They live in a house whose door is blue.eg: 他他们们住在一住在一间门间门是是兰兰色的房子里。色的房子里。 = of whom the daughter = the daughter of whomeg: He is the lawyer whose daughter went abroad.三三. 关系代关系代词的基本用法和注意点的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代关系代词的基本用法的基本用法三. 1. 关系代词的基本用法.2. 关系代关系代词的用法注意点的用法注意点(1) that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5种情况种情况只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行当先行词中有人又有物中有人又有物时。如：。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况 当先行当先行词为不定代不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等等时。如：。如：This is all that I want from the school.当先行当先行词被最高被最高级修修饰时。如：。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 当先行当先行词被序数被序数词修修饰时。如：。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.当先行当先行词被被only, just, very, right, last等修等修饰时。如：。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况先行先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等等时。如：。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行先行词为those, he和和people时。如：。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.1.The girl _is standing next to our teachernext to our teacher is her daughter. is her daughter.2. The girl _our teacher is talking with 2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. is a famous singer.3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak 3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English English very well.very well.4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from 4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library. the library.5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.who/that(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)whosewhosewhich/thatwhich/that(that/which)(that/which)巩固巩固练习： 用适当的关系用适当的关系词填空填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空.1.The family _ Im staying with lives in town.2.I know the student _ article was published.3.Betty, _ has never been abroad, is studying English very well.4.My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.6.Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.(which/ that)whosewho?thatwhich/ thatwhomwhom?省略省略.介词+关系代词 定语从句.I agree with the idea _ you approve ofthatwhich（leave out)做做of 的的宾语宾语I agree with the idea（主句）（主句）_ You approve of whichI agree with the idea _ you approve ofof which这这就叫介就叫介词词提前提前的关系代的关系代词词，prep+关系代关系代词词请还请还原原which 在从句中的位置在从句中的位置. This is the boy. I played tennis _the boy yesterday. We ll go to hear the famous singer. We have often talked _the famous singer.withaboutThis is the boy whom /that/ / /who I played tennis with.We ll go to hear the famous singer whom /who /that / / we have often talked about. withabout. This is the boy. I played tennis _the boy yesterday. We ll go to hear the famous singer. We have often talked _the famous singer.withaboutThis is the boy whom /that/ / /who I played tennis with.We ll go to hear the famous singer whom /who /that / / we have often talked about. withabout.1.根据从句中的动词搭配This is the book _ which you asked.注意：注意：动词动词短短语语不能拆，即介不能拆，即介词词不提前不提前我照我照顾顾的那个老人好多了。的那个老人好多了。The old man after whom I am looking is better. The old man whom I am looking after is better.介介词+whom/which如如何判断介何判断介词for.This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk.如何判断介如何判断介词with3.2 根据先行词与介词搭配.五五. 关系副关系副词when, where和和why的用法的用法五. 关系副词的基本用法.用关系副用关系副词when时，先行，先行词指指时间，when在定在定语从句中作从句中作时间状状语，when可可换成成“介介词+关系关系代代词”。如：。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when1. when.用关系副用关系副词where时，先行，先行词指地点，指地点，where在定在定语从句中作地点状从句中作地点状语，where可可换成成“介介词+关系关系代代词”。如：。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where2. where.用关系副用关系副词why时，先行，先行词指原因，指原因，why在定在定语从句中作原因状从句中作原因状语，why可可换成成“介介词+关系代关系代词”。如：。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why3. why.4. 关系副关系副词的用法注意点的用法注意点(2)当当point, situation, case等等词作先行作先行词表示表示“情况，境地，情况，境地，场合合”等意思等意思时，其后常由，其后常由where引引导定定语从句，从句，where在句中作状在句中作状语。如：。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?4. 关系副词的用法注意点.巩固巩固练习：用适当的关系：用适当的关系词填空填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I live. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherein whichwhyfor which巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空.对比比练习：用适当的关系：用适当的关系词填空填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空.2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which). The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.六六. 非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句1. 非限制性定非限制性定语从句的定从句的定义非限制性定非限制性定语从句是从句是对被修被修饰部分部分进行附加行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之它和主句之间的关系比的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用隔开。不用that 引引导My watch, which is very old, stopped again.六. 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义.2.限制性定限制性定语从句与非限制性定从句与非限制性定语从句的区从句的区别(1)限制性定限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句从句则不然。不然。试比比较：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book, which is easy to understand.2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别.(2)限制性定限制性定语从句的先行从句的先行词总是一个名是一个名词或一个或一个代代词，而非限制性定，而非限制性定语从句的先行从句的先行词可以是一个可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一，一般用关系代般用关系代词as或或which引引导。(4)在非限制性定在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定，而在限制性定语从句中从句中则可以。可以。(3)限制性定限制性定语从句可以用关系代从句可以用关系代词that引引导，而非，而非限制性定限制性定语从句从句则不能。不能。.1.Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two.2.My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3.This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4.The weather turned out to be very good, that was out of our expect.whomwhosewhich.单项选择单项选择1.The man _ you just talked to was 2. a friend of mine.A. whom B. which D. whose D. where 3.2. The necklace _ my father bought me is 4. very expensive.A. who B. whose C. that D. where5.3. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa 6. next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talking to7. C. the nurse is talking to8. D. that the nurse is talkingACB.4. Ms. Ji _ loves us very much is our math teacher. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which5. The bike _was stolen. A. which my mother buys me B. who my mother bought me C. which my mother bought me D. that my mother buys me6. The dog _ owner is an old man is very lovely. A. which B. whose C. that D. who ACB.1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that.1.这这就是救了那个孩子命的医生就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.