Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability压痕法对韧性材料和脆性材料断断裂韧性的评价2013. 08. 30. Won Je Jo内容内容 介绍压痕法断裂韧性模型- 脆性破坏- 韧性断裂 验证模型- 压痕法对其他测试方法对比结果- 低温应用压痕法断裂韧性基本概念Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & ReliabilityR=250m压头Material : API X70加载约束效应2.1 3.22.3 3.0三维裂纹尖端 三轴压痕单边单边缺口缺口压压痕痕2Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability压痕断断裂韧性类似的情况况初始裂纹裂纹钝化塑性区（断裂过程区）不稳定扩展裂纹接触前塑性区发展塑性区发展延长3Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability能量概概念= 裂纹扩展所需能量压痕区域等效断裂能分析压痕过程4Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability压痕过程压痕过程形成一个表面塑性带形成一个表面塑性带5Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability形成一个完全伸展的塑性区形成一个完全伸展的塑性区 (c/a 是常数是常数)扩张的塑性区扩张的塑性区 (c/a增加增加)caca设想想开始形成一个完全伸展的塑性区开始形成一个完全伸展的塑性区=最大应变能量的压头最大应变能量的压头形成的等效断裂能量形成的等效断裂能量h*c/ahh*6Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability脆性材料脆性材料韧性材料韧性材料断口形状变形相对很少或没有变形大量塑性变形尺度应力控制应力控制裂纹尖端的临界断裂应力 (sf)应变控制应变控制裂纹尖端的临界断裂应变 (ef)形成断裂能当应力达到临界应力当应变达到临界应变断断裂行为脆性断断裂模型韧性断断裂模型7Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability脆性断断裂模型8Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability依据临界深度 (h*)rr临界压力 在临界深度 h*依据塑性区域弹性区域9Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability假定开开始形成一个个完全延伸塑性区区域=形成等效的断断裂能量10Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability应用压痕理论步骤.1 屈服的外围接触面积形成一个表面塑性面步骤. 2塑性区形成完全的扩张延伸塑性区cah*11Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability赫兹弹性接触触理论接触区域的外压力 (r a)v当一个径向应力在接触区域边缘（r=a）满足屈服准则 通过 Mises 屈服准侧压头材料12Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability扩大控模型 (E-P 理论)塑性区应力 (a r c)v变化的核心压力 (r = a) 直到完全扩展延伸区域形成by K.E. Puttick (1977)核心13Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability等效断断裂能量的准侧步骤 1所需的总压力等效断裂能量 步骤 214Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability对脆性材料的断断裂韧性l Pm - h 曲线l 压痕深度曲线-每个卸载深度曲线意味-的接触压力 (1) 压痕测试(6) 压痕断断裂韧性 (KJC)(2)测量屈服强度 ys & 决决定加载力Pmc- ys 从载荷-深度曲线分析而来(3) 装配 Pm-h 曲线-(4) 决决定 h*- 决定 Pmc 在Pm-h 曲线(5) 临界深度h* 等效断断裂能15Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability韧性材料模型16Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability依据关关键压痕深度 (h*)rr在h*临界应变依据17Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability吸收应变能直到断断裂应变=韧性 (拉伸能量)在h*临界应变依据应变应力高碳钢中碳钢低碳钢18Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability设想弹性能量释放由于裂纹增长等于裂纹尖端塑性功数量.Peel and Frosyth, 1973塑性塑性单单位面位面积积r : 塑性区半径UT : 单位面积的塑性功对于小范围屈服,单单位面位面积积上的上的弹弹性能量性能量释释放放19Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability塑性功Mechanical metallurgy, G.E. Dieter塑性功 = 应力-应变曲线的截取面积sR : 真实应力ef : 工程断裂应变20Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability力学参数学参数从从压痕参数参数中估计塑性区域尺寸塑性区域尺寸断裂断裂应变测量参数量参数弹性性能vs.塑性性能函数均匀应变 屈服强度 抗拉强度 弹性模量 松泊比, n=0.3断裂断裂韧性性rcef从从测量中计算出来来的21Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability塑性区区域尺寸, rcP塑性应变弹性约束塑性区域塑性应变与弹性约束之间的平衡主导弹性约束主导塑性应变Small PZSLarge PZSResilienceResilience断断裂应变, ef真实均匀应变与工程断裂应变实验关系,22Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability塑性区尺寸塑性区尺寸断裂断裂应变测量参数量参数断裂断裂韧性性对韧性材料断断裂韧性23 验证模型- 压痕法对其他测试方法对比结果- 低温应用Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability测试材料的列表材料拉伸测试结果KJC从从 J方法测试 结果E YSUTSnefUniform strainSpecimen thicknessJCKJC (Avg.)Stdev.MPammkJ/m2MPam1碳碳钢(结构构钢)SCM4 207000723.349 994.488 0.130 0.168 0.066 843.68106.160.342SK3 207000315.100 706.527 0.263 0.356 0.180 834.7688.8610.823SKS3 207000434.900 755.502 0.218 0.314 0.160 860.60118.175.784SKH51 207000294.850 784.372 0.259 0.171 0.117 814.5759.754.365SKD11 207000342.800 807.687 0.255 0.118 0.099 840.5298.376.836SUJ2 207000404.300 821.659 0.240 0.333 0.161 854.38113.8713.037S45C207000338.473 727.805 0.269 0.273 0.147 15144.61181.325.078SCM21207000288.752 579.349 0.223 0.298 0.142 15339.98281.3712.039SS400207000259.399 497.034 0.238 0.380 0.182 20423.05310.210.0510SKD61207000377.415 765.815 0.235 0.310 0.142 20571.61360.583.0211低温温度. 管道A106207000304.523 583.154 0.217 0.303 0.158 13.5304.56263.0313.5812Cr-Mo (锅炉炉管道)A387 G22207000519.350 689.020 0.142 0.249 0.085 16518.58343.1418.1213API(石油管道)X65207000466.913 650.875 0.169 0.350 0.149 14372.91291.187.9914X100207000598.560 918.072 0.141 0.251 0.089 19548.24352.8019.0715X120207000745.863 1022.969 0.130 0.200 0.054 16687.95395.529.2516不锈钢SUS403207000335.277 671.527 0.212 0.360 0.154 13332.40274.9810.9217SUS420J2207000398.468 797.689 0.207 0.290 0.124 8103.87155.2910.5818SUS440 207000329.900 820.767 0.256 0.215 0.118 826.3385.020.1219SUS304207000285.685 1138.378 0.359 0.774 0.493 20537.13349.2717.0520SUS304L207000258.816 1164.728 0.402 0.654 0.427 20666.29389.2111.0421SUS347207000244.863 999.489 0.369 0.644 0.416 23591.39366.746.4322SUS321207000252.402 1039.966 0.373 0.724 0.471 22499.02336.912.6723铝合金Al2024 70000459.100 669.399 0.152 0.165 0.128 848.2064.077.5324Al7075 70000517.700 621.813 0.080 0.136 0.050 817.2436.969.1025铜合金C62400120000433.206 842.945 0.259 -0.066 94.8325.610.35 26InCu120000160.025 480.855 0.328 0.483 0.371 17187.25156.8515.1527镍合金Alloy20207000348.337 762.178 0.235 0.379 0.207 17453.21321.08-28钛合金Ti-6Al-4V110000937.128 1099.815 0.080 -0.086 990.16 113.62 11.43 29Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn1100001009.230 1172.560 0.076 -0.105 939.00 72.24 3.1230Ti-5Al-2.5Sn110000885.569 1038.013 0.066 -0.096 961.56 86.63 5.73 31Ti-10Al-2Fe-3Al1100001163.318 1257.332 0.096 -0.027 994.07 96.5917.33 传统传统拉伸拉伸试验试验与断与断与断与断裂裂韧韧性性测试试结测试试结果果25Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability测试条条件压头压头半径控制方法碳化钨球形压头250 um最大深度控制设备AIS 系统最大压痕深度150 um零指数0.06 kgf表面粗糙度#200026Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability+20%-20%KJC Results压痕法测试 KJC (MPam)J积分测试KJC (MPam)脆性材料模型韧性材料模型27Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & ReliabilityKJC 结果脆性材料脆性材料韧韧性材料性材料DuctileMaterial J方法方法 KJC压痕法KJCKJC (Avg.)Stdev.KJC (Avg.)Stdev.MPamMPam碳钢碳钢( (结构钢结构钢) )SCM21281.3712.03256.504.73SS400310.210.05235.4515.18SKD61360.583.02316.4710.96低温度管道低温度管道A106263.0313.58242.6011.01Cr-Mo(锅炉管锅炉管)A387 G22343.1418.12273.6311.18API(石油管道石油管道)X65291.187.99273.336.03X100352.8019.07330.7513.57X120395.529.25448.105.54不锈钢不锈钢SUS403274.9810.92251.263.86SUS304349.2717.05373.3821.34SUS304L389.2111.04398.4733.71SUS347366.746.43326.2811.94SUS321336.912.67324.2215.87钛合金钛合金Alloy20321.08-292.885.53脆性材料脆性材料J方法方法 KJC压痕法 KJCKJC (Avg.)Stdev.KJC (Avg.)Stdev.MPamMPam碳钢碳钢( (结构钢结构钢)SCM4 106.160.3490.876.62SK3 88.8610.8289.963.49SKS3 118.175.78110.683.10SKH51 59.754.3690.1310.99SKD11 98.376.8389.827.96SUJ2 113.8713.03103.1914.21S45C181.325.07165.809.49不锈钢不锈钢SUS420J2155.2910.58156.817.94SUS440 85.020.1294.779.75铝合金Al2024 64.077.5352.064.56Al7075 36.969.1043.873.30铜合金C6240025.610.35 16.82-InCu156.8515.15160.376.06钛合金钛合金Ti-6Al-4V113.62 11.43 108.3315.47Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn72.24 3.1250.076.96Ti-5Al-2.5Sn86.63 5.73 92.2110.47Ti-10Al-2Fe-3Al96.5917.33 75.1915.1428Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability低温温系统 评价断断裂韧性与气温与气温的变化 低温在断裂韧性的测量使用 ASTM E1921在零下温度下分析应用 真空腔尺寸 (WxDxH)410 x 300 x 160 (mm)冷却元件液氮 环境测试真空、隔离 最低温度.-160 oC冷却速度 40 oC/min ( 40 oF/min)规格恒温槽控制器AIS 系统真空腔29Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & ReliabilityV型断口样品 压痕法与与V型断断口试验结果关关系- 材料: 2.25Cr1MoV steel (焊接)- 试验温度：常温 和 -29oC低温温测试应用压痕法冲击试验压痕法冲击试验室温30Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & Reliability低温温下的应用 主要曲线 : KJC 压痕法 : KJC J方法 样品信息与测试条件化学成分 (wt.%) C Si Mn P S Ni 0.21 0.24 1.36 0.007 0.002 0.92 Cr Mo Al Cu V 0.21 0.49 0.022 0.03 0.005 化学成分材料SA508-3, ID:GS880样品V型缺口试样用途核反应堆压力容器温度范围(大约零下10）-110-20断裂韧性测试依据ASTM E1920参考: Bong-Sang Lee, Min-Chul Kim, Maan-Won Kim, Ji-Hyun Yoon, Jun-Hwa Hong, “理论曲线技术来评估一个辐照脆化的核反应堆压力容器长期操作”,国际期刊压力容器和管道85(2008)593 - 599 公差约束中值31Fast & Precise SolutionsFast & Precise Solutions for Quality & Reliability for Quality & ReliabilityApplications at low temperature - Master Curve : KJC from IIT : KJC from J-Test Specimen information and testing conditionsChemical composition (wt.%) C Si Mn P S Ni 0.21 0.24 1.36 0.007 0.002 0.92 Cr Mo Al Cu V 0.21 0.49 0.022 0.03 0.005 Chemical composition of specimenMaterialSA508-3, ID:CS50SpecimenCompact tension and precracked CVNUseNuclear reactor pressure vesselTemperature range(about10 Interval)-110-20Fracture toughness testingASTM E1920参考: Bong-Sang Lee, Min-Chul Kim, Maan-Won Kim, Ji-Hyun Yoon, Jun-Hwa Hong, “理论曲线技术来评估一个辐照脆化的核反应堆压力容器长期操作”,国际期刊压力容器和管道85(2008)593 - 599 中值公差约束32谢谢观赏!