EHSEHS20082008年年6 6月月2121日日工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析ObjectivesObjectives 目标目标目标目标d dPurposePurpose of doing hazard and risk analysis. of doing hazard and risk analysis. 理解进行危险源和风险分析的目的理解进行危险源和风险分析的目的d dHow to evaluate an operations Workplace Hazards and Risk.How to evaluate an operations Workplace Hazards and Risk. 掌握如何评估作业场所的危险源和风险掌握如何评估作业场所的危险源和风险d dWho should be involved in your analysis.Who should be involved in your analysis. 组建危险和风险分析团队组建危险和风险分析团队d dWhat to do with the results.What to do with the results. 利用分析结果进行持续改进利用分析结果进行持续改进Why Really?Why Really? 意义意义意义意义d dIt provides a systematic way to analyze the risk in operations in a methodical, It provides a systematic way to analyze the risk in operations in a methodical, proven way. proven way. 提供系统可靠的方法分析作业过程中的风险提供系统可靠的方法分析作业过程中的风险d dRisk is provided to management in a prioritized manner, the higher the number of Risk is provided to management in a prioritized manner, the higher the number of risk the riskier the task or job will be. risk the riskier the task or job will be. 将风险按优先级顺序排列呈送给管理层，风险等级评分越高，任务或作业的风险就将风险按优先级顺序排列呈送给管理层，风险等级评分越高，任务或作业的风险就越高越高Why Really?Why Really? 意义意义意义意义d dThe process provides to management a picture of the real risk of injury, not what The process provides to management a picture of the real risk of injury, not what the “gut” tells you it is, or what our employee thinks it is.the “gut” tells you it is, or what our employee thinks it is. 这一过程给管理层提供明晰的伤害风险，而不是就事论事的经验或我们员工的主观这一过程给管理层提供明晰的伤害风险，而不是就事论事的经验或我们员工的主观想像想像d d It helps you identify the elephantsIt helps you identify the elephants 它可以帮助我们识别风险造成的影响它可以帮助我们识别风险造成的影响Why do Hazard / Risk analysis? 必要性必要性Potentially潜在的Catastrophic灾难性的Does the activity have a potential to harm those performing and those near the Does the activity have a potential to harm those performing and those near the activity?activity?活动是否存在对从事活动的人员本身或活动附近人员造成伤害的可能？活动是否存在对从事活动的人员本身或活动附近人员造成伤害的可能？The element(s) of an activity that has a potential to harm is The element(s) of an activity that has a potential to harm is considered its considered its hazardhazard(s).(s).可能造成伤害的活动的要素被视作可能造成伤害的活动的要素被视作危险危险。I.e.例如：例如： Activity - Spray Painting 活动喷漆活动喷漆Hazards Chemical Exposure (inhalation), Chemical Exposure (skin), Chemical Exposure (eyes), Noise, Fire/ Explosion危险化学品吸入、皮肤接触化学品、眼睛接触化学品、噪声、火危险化学品吸入、皮肤接触化学品、眼睛接触化学品、噪声、火灾灾/爆炸爆炸Definitions 定义定义Definitions 定义定义Hazards have 危险具有危险具有:RISK possibility of loss or injury.风险造成损失或伤害的可能性风险造成损失或伤害的可能性Risk have 风险要素风险要素:Severity and probability 严重性和可能性（概率）严重性和可能性（概率）Definitions 定义定义Severity 严重性严重性:If injury or loss occurs how bad will it be?如果发生损失或者伤害的情况，情况有多糟糕？如果发生损失或者伤害的情况，情况有多糟糕？Probability 可能性（概率）可能性（概率）:The potential frequency of loss or injury occurring, increases with exposure to hazard损失或伤害发生的潜在频率损失或伤害发生的潜在频率Hazard ExamplesHazard ExamplesHazard Examples 危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例: :Chemical Exposure (Inhalation, Skin, Hands, Eyes)Chemical Exposure (Inhalation, Skin, Hands, Eyes)Harmful DustHarmful DustNoise ExposureNoise ExposureFlying Debris / ObjectsFlying Debris / ObjectsProtruding ObjectsProtruding ObjectsExtreme TemperaturesExtreme TemperaturesPoint of Operation (I.e crush, nip)Point of Operation (I.e crush, nip)Fall, Trip, SlipFall, Trip, SlipStrain / OverexertionStrain / OverexertionElectrical ShockElectrical ShockFire / ExplosionFire / ExplosionLight RadiationLight RadiationFalling ObjectsFalling ObjectsSharp ObjectsSharp ObjectsBiologicalBiologicalDefinitions 定义定义化学品接触（吸入、皮肤、手、眼睛）化学品接触（吸入、皮肤、手、眼睛）有害粉尘有害粉尘噪声曝露噪声曝露飞溅的碎片或物体飞溅的碎片或物体突出的物体突出的物体高低温高低温高空坠落高空坠落绊倒绊倒/ /滑倒滑倒紧张，劳累紧张，劳累电击电击火灾火灾/ /爆炸爆炸放射线放射线坠物砸伤坠物砸伤接触尖锐物体接触尖锐物体生物危险生物危险Hazard Examples Hazard Examples Hazard Examples 危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例危险举例: :Electrical ShockElectrical Shock电击电击电击电击Chemical Exposure EyesChemical Exposure Eyes眼睛接触化学品眼睛接触化学品眼睛接触化学品眼睛接触化学品Flying Debris/ ObjectsFlying Debris/ Objects飞溅飞溅飞溅飞溅的碎片或物体的碎片或物体的碎片或物体的碎片或物体EngulfmentEngulfment开挖塌方开挖塌方开挖塌方开挖塌方Fall FromFall From高空高空高空高空坠坠坠坠落落落落Fall FromFall From高空高空高空高空坠坠坠坠落落落落Trip/SlipTrip/Slip绊绊绊绊倒倒倒倒/ /滑倒滑倒滑倒滑倒Fire/ExplosionFire/Explosion火灾火灾火灾火灾/ /爆炸爆炸爆炸爆炸Struck by Falling ObjectsStruck by Falling Objects坠坠坠坠物物物物砸伤砸伤砸伤砸伤Contact With Moving ObjectsContact With Moving Objects运动物体接触运动物体接触运动物体接触运动物体接触Other HazardsOther Hazards其它危其它危其它危其它危险险险险Other HazardsOther Hazards其它危其它危其它危其它危险险险险Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）Identify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-date and periodically review.数据及时进行数据及时进行更新并定期审更新并定期审核核Starting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员Before you can determine your sites hazards you must know what activities are being Before you can determine your sites hazards you must know what activities are being conducted at your site.conducted at your site.在你判断场地危险之前，你必须知道在你场地正从事何种活动。在你判断场地危险之前，你必须知道在你场地正从事何种活动。Start with a site layout. 从场地平面图开始从场地平面图开始Divide the site into operational / functional areas. 将场地划分为不同的操作将场地划分为不同的操作/功能区域。功能区域。Excavating 开挖活动Excavating 开挖活动Maintenance维修Processing加工处理Office 办公室Parking停车场Shipping / Receiving Dock运输与接收平台ACME Site Layout ACME场地平面布置Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）Identify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-date and periodically review.数据及时进行数据及时进行更新并定期审更新并定期审核核Starting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved Identifying Activities and Who Should be Involved 识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员识别相关活动和参与的人员Recruit individuals knowledgeable of areas. 招纳熟谙区域的人员招纳熟谙区域的人员Manager / Supervisors 经理经理/主管主管EH&S EHS人员人员Employees 职员职员Brainstorm to determine area activities. 运用运用“头脑风暴头脑风暴”来辨别来辨别区域活动区域活动Consider legacy issues as well as current operational issues (I.e. previous injuries) 考虑遗留问题，业考虑当前考虑遗留问题，业考虑当前操作中的问题（如以前的工伤事故）操作中的问题（如以前的工伤事故）Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）Identify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-date and periodically review.数据及时进行数据及时进行更新并定期审更新并定期审核核Starting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程ACME Plant Activity ACME工厂活动 Hazard Identification Sheet 危险辨识表危险辨识表Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）Identify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-date and periodically review.数据及时进行数据及时进行更新并定期审更新并定期审核核Starting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Prioritizing Hazards / RiskPrioritizing Hazards / RiskPrioritizing Hazards / Risk对危险对危险对危险对危险对危险对危险/ /风险进行排序风险进行排序风险进行排序风险进行排序风险进行排序风险进行排序A process should be used to determine how significant the RISK a hazard can A process should be used to determine how significant the RISK a hazard can have on workers. have on workers. 用于判断某一危险对工作人员造成风险程度的过程用于判断某一危险对工作人员造成风险程度的过程 Determine Risk of Hazards判断危险的风险判断危险的风险Rating Tool to Facilitate the Process帮助判断的等级评定工具帮助判断的等级评定工具Hazard Risk Tool 危险风险分析工具危险风险分析工具Ranking Procedure/Ranking Procedure/评级评级评级评级程序程序程序程序d dReview each Hazard and score each hazard individually chosen by team. Review each Hazard and score each hazard individually chosen by team. 审阅审阅每一个危每一个危险险因素，由因素，由组组建的建的团队团队成成员员逐个逐个评评分。分。d dTransfer the average score on Severity and Probability to the Hazard Risk Tool Transfer the average score on Severity and Probability to the Hazard Risk Tool worksheet.worksheet.将将严严重性和可能性的平均分重性和可能性的平均分输输入到入到风险风险分析工具表分析工具表单单。Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）Identify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-date and periodically review.数据及时进行数据及时进行更新并定期审更新并定期审核核Starting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Set ObjectivesSet Objectives 设立目标设立目标设立目标设立目标d dSet Improvement Objectives to Lower Risk Set Improvement Objectives to Lower Risk 设立改善目标来降低风险设立改善目标来降低风险 d dList all of your Significant Hazards/ Risk. (red or yellow ratings) List all of your Significant Hazards/ Risk. (red or yellow ratings) 列出所有重要的危险列出所有重要的危险/ /风险。（红色或黄色等级风险。（红色或黄色等级) )d dEvaluate Significant hazards (red or yellow ratings) to determine if changes can be Evaluate Significant hazards (red or yellow ratings) to determine if changes can be made to process to reduce the risk so that they are no longer Significant.made to process to reduce the risk so that they are no longer Significant. 评估重要危险（红色或黄色等级），来判断如果是否可以通过工艺过程改变来降低风评估重要危险（红色或黄色等级），来判断如果是否可以通过工艺过程改变来降低风险，使其不再成为重要危险。险，使其不再成为重要危险。Set ObjectivesSet Objectives 设立目标设立目标设立目标设立目标d dUse best possible/ most feasible controlUse best possible/ most feasible control 采取尽可能完善和可行的控制措施采取尽可能完善和可行的控制措施d dGet employee participation in developing operational controls.Get employee participation in developing operational controls. 让员工参与提出操作控制措施让员工参与提出操作控制措施What to do with Hazards that have been determined to have a Significant Risk? Focus on Red or yellow ratings对那些判断有重要风险的危险该采取什么措施？集中精力于那些红色或黄色等级的危对那些判断有重要风险的危险该采取什么措施？集中精力于那些红色或黄色等级的危险险d dElimination/Substitution- Elimination/Substitution- removing or reducing the hazard removing or reducing the hazard 消除消除消除消除/ /替代替代替代替代 移除或者降低危险移除或者降低危险移除或者降低危险移除或者降低危险d dEngineering Controls Engineering Controls workstation design, machine guards, workstation design, machine guards, safety controls, isolation of hazardous areas, monitoring safety controls, isolation of hazardous areas, monitoring devices, etc. devices, etc. 工程控制工程控制工程控制工程控制 工作站设计、机械防护、安全控制、危险区工作站设计、机械防护、安全控制、危险区工作站设计、机械防护、安全控制、危险区工作站设计、机械防护、安全控制、危险区域隔离、监测设施等域隔离、监测设施等域隔离、监测设施等域隔离、监测设施等d dAdministrative ControlsAdministrative Controls - procedures, assessments, inspection, - procedures, assessments, inspection, records to monitor and ensure safe practices and records to monitor and ensure safe practices and environments are maintained. environments are maintained. 管理控制程序、评价、检查、用管理控制程序、评价、检查、用管理控制程序、评价、检查、用管理控制程序、评价、检查、用显示器记录、确保维持安全的操作规范和环境显示器记录、确保维持安全的操作规范和环境显示器记录、确保维持安全的操作规范和环境显示器记录、确保维持安全的操作规范和环境d dTraining ControlsTraining Controls - initial new hire safety orientation, job - initial new hire safety orientation, job specific safety training and periodic refresher training. specific safety training and periodic refresher training. 培训控培训控培训控培训控制进行新进员工的安全教育、具体作业安全配许和定期强化培训制进行新进员工的安全教育、具体作业安全配许和定期强化培训制进行新进员工的安全教育、具体作业安全配许和定期强化培训制进行新进员工的安全教育、具体作业安全配许和定期强化培训d dPersonal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment 个人防护装备个人防护装备个人防护装备个人防护装备Hierarchy of Operational ControlsHierarchy of Operational Controls 操作控制的层次操作控制的层次操作控制的层次操作控制的层次优先优先考虑考虑次次要要考考虑虑Case Study - Case Study - 案例讨论案例讨论案例讨论案例讨论Identify discrete Activities, Products, and Services (APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）Identify Hazards for each APS辨识每个辨识每个APS的危险的危险Determine Safety Hazards and Risks for each APS判断每个判断每个APS的危险和风险的危险和风险Determine Hazard Significance判断危险的重要性判断危险的重要性Develop Objectives and Targets for Significant Risks对重要风险提出目标指标对重要风险提出目标指标Keep data up-to-date and periodically review.数据及时进行数据及时进行更新并定期审更新并定期审核核Starting Point起点起点Segregate plant operations into discrete operational/functional areas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域功能区域Establish/Refine Controls, as necessary如果需要，建立如果需要，建立/健全控制措施健全控制措施Hazard/Risk Analysis Flow危险危险/风险分析流程风险分析流程Maintain and ReviewMaintain and Review 保持和评审保持和评审保持和评审保持和评审d dInstallation and/or modification of processes or equipmentInstallation and/or modification of processes or equipment 工艺过程或设备安装或改造工艺过程或设备安装或改造d dRemoval of processes or equipment Removal of processes or equipment 工艺或设备的移除工艺或设备的移除d dHazards missed on previous assessmentsHazards missed on previous assessments 以前评估遗漏的危险以前评估遗漏的危险d dWhen Employee identify concernsWhen Employee identify concerns 员工辨识潜在问题的时机员工辨识潜在问题的时机d dSchedule Periodic Management Review (at least annually)Schedule Periodic Management Review (at least annually) 定期管理评审的时间安排（至少一年一次）定期管理评审的时间安排（至少一年一次）