English For HorticultureAimsListeningSpeakingReadingwritingReferencesReferencehttp:/en.wikipedia.orghttp:/scholar.google.com/http:/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed考核内容及方式考核内容及方式主要是课件里讲过的内容总成绩平时成绩20%：作业、出勤、课堂表现等闭卷考试卷面成绩80%Lesson 1 Horticulture in daily lifeKey QuestionsWhy is horticulture a science, technology, and an industry?What are the three major areas of horticulture?What is the history of horticulture?Why is horticulture popular?n nWhy is horticulture a science, technology, and an industry?Why is horticulture a science, a technology, and an industry?Agriculture- The production of plants and animals to meet basic human needs (food, clothing, shelter).Includes three important areas:HorticultureAgronomyForestryAgronomyProduction of traditional crops, such as grain and fiber.ForestryProduction of trees for timberHorticultureHorticulture is that part of plant agriculture concerned with so-called “garden crops”, as contrasted with agronomy (field crops, mainly grains, forages(饲料) and fiber) and forestry (forest trees and products).Horticulture thus can be defined the branch of agriculture concerned with intensively(集约地) cultured plants directly used by people for food, for medicinal purposes, or for esthetic(美学的) gratification (满足,喜悦).HorticultureCulture of plants for food, comfort, and beauty1.The cultivation of a garden, orchard, or nursery; the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants2. The science and art of cultivating such plants.Where does the word horticulture come from?Latin derivativeHortus(garden)+Colere(cultivate)= HorticultureThe horticulture industryAll activities that support meeting the needs of consumers of horticulture products1.Supply and service to growers2.Production of crops3.Processing crops4.Marketing5.DistributionHow is horticulture a science?BotanyThe study of plants including the life cycle, structure, growth, and classificationCombines plant science, soil science, & biotechnologyWhat is horticulture technology?Applies science to horticulture productionTools used to control and manage plants environmentCultural practices to impact visual, functional, and productive qualities of plantsKey QuestionsWhy is horticulture a science, technology, and an industry?What are the three major areas of horticulture?What is the history of horticulture?Why is horticulture popular?What are the three major areas of horticulture?Ornamental Horticulture- growing and using plants for their beauty inside and outside our homes.Food Crop Production- growing crops for use as food.Olericulture and pomologyWhat are the 3 major areas of ornamental horticulture?FloricultureLandscape horticultureInteriorscapingWhat is floriculture?Production, transportation, and use of flower and foliage plantsGrowing flowers for floral designsGrowing potted plants to sellGrowing bedding plants for transplanting into gardensWhat is landscape horticulture?Producing and using plants to make our outdoor environment more appealingNursery: place where plants, shrubs, and trees are started for transplantingLandscape operators: design planting plans, install material, and maintain plantsLawn and turf maintenance: planting, fertilizing, and mowing turfgrassesGolf course management: maintain all the grass areas of the golf courseWhat is interiorscaping?Use of foliage plants, grown and sold for their beautiful colored leaves and stems, to create pleasing and comfortable areas inside buildingsWhat is Food Crop Production?Growing crops for foodOlericulture- growing, harvesting, storing, processing, and marketing vegetablesExamplesPomology- growing, harvesting, storing, processing, and marketing of fruits and nutsExamplesOlericulture lThe science of vegetable growing, dealing with the culture of non-woody (herbaceous) plants for food. lThe production of plants for use of the edible parts. lOlericulture deals with the production, storage, processing and marketing of vegetables. lIt encompasses crop establishment, including cultivar selection, seedbed preparation and establishment of vegetable crops by seed and transplants. lIt also includes maintenance and care of vegetable crops as well commercial and non-traditional vegetable crop production including organic gardening and organic farming; sustainable agriculture and horticulture; hydroponics; and biotechnology. Vegetable crops can be classified into 9 major categories:1.Potherbs and greens - spinach and collards2.Salad crops - lettuce, celery3.Cole crops - cabbage and cauliflower4.Root crops (tubers) - potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes5.Bulb crops - onions, leeks6.Legumes - beans, peas7.Cucurbits - melons, squash, cucumber8.Solanaceous crops - tomatoes, peppers9.Sweet cornPomology lPomology (from Latin pomum (fruit) + -logy) is a branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruit. The denomination fruticultureintroduced from Romance languages (from Latin fructus and cultura) is also used.lPomological research is mainly focused on the development, cultivation and physiological studies of stone fruit trees. The goals of fruit tree improvement include enhancement of fruit quality, regulation of production periods, and reduction of production cost.Key QuestionsWhy is horticulture a science, technology, and an industry?What are the three major areas of horticulture?What is the history of horticulture?Why is horticulture popular?How did horticulture evolve?European influence on horticultureEarly U.S. horticultureEuropean Influence on HorticultureTheophrastus (371-287 B.C.)Greek horticulturistSpeculated that roots absorb nutrients for plantsObserved the differences between the leaves of germinating seeds of wheat and beansDescribed how root pruning encouraged the flowering and fruiting of plantsEuropean Influence on HorticultureRomansUsed legumes to improve poor soilUsed manure to improve productionUsed cultivation for weed controlEuropean Influence on HorticultureVarro (116-20 B.C.)Roman horticulturistDeveloped techniques of post-harvest storageEuropean Influence on HorticulturePedanius Dioscorides (40- 90 AD)Greek physician, herbalist (pharmacologist) and botanistWrote De Materia Medica that served as the authority for 1,500 yearsIdentified plants that had medicinal propertiesEuropean Influence on HorticultureCarolus Linnaeus (1701-1778)Swedish botanist and physicianDeveloped method for classifying plants through binomial nomenclatureEuropean Influence on HorticultureCharles Darwin (1809-1882)English naturalistWrote The Power of Movement in Plants which described phototropism and geotropismEuropean Influence on HorticultureGregor Mendel (1822-1884)Austrian monkLaid the foundation for the science of botany and geneticsEarly U.S. HorticulturePrince NurseryFirst commercial nursery founded during early 1730sGrew rapidly until the American RevolutionPublished a catalog in 1794 which contained an extensive list of cultivarsMajor supplier of the Lombardy poplar (箭杆杨) after its introduction in 1784Early U.S. HorticultureAndrew J. Downing (1815-1852)First great American landscape gardenerCottage ResidencesnFrederick Law Olmstead (1822-1903)Father of landscape architecturePrimary landscape architect for Central Park in N.Y.Early U.S. HorticultureA map of Central Park from 1875One of four rustic landing stages on the LakeAngel of the Waters, in Bethesda Fountain (sculpted 1873）Early U.S. HorticultureLiberty Hyde Bailey (1858-1954)American horticulturist, botanist and cofounder of the American Society for Horticultural ScienceWritings serve as the standard authority on plant nomenclature, taxonomy, pruning, etc.Wrote Manual of Cultivated Plants, Hortus Second, and How Plants Get Their NamesKey QuestionsWhy is horticulture a science, technology, and an industry?What are the three major areas of horticulture?What is the history of horticulture?Why is horticulture popular?Why is horticulture so popular?Increased awareness and job market in horticultureFood and crop productionTechnology advancements and jobsProfessional interest in horticulture as a careerDiploma, associates degrees, bachelors, masters, and P.H.D.s in horticultureWhat careers are available in the horticulture industry?Key QuestionsHow do you prepare for a career in horticulture?How do you get and succeed in a job?What careers are available in horticulture?How do you prepare for a career in horticulture?What is a career?The general direction of a persons life as related to work in the field of horticulture.Includes several horticulture jobs and occupationsStart at the bottom and work your way up on the basis of interest, productivity, and educationWhat is an occupation?Specific work that has a title and general duties that a person in the occupation would performOrganized in sequenceEntry-level occupations- no experienceWhat is a job?Specific work that a person performsMost often at a certain site and performed for salary and benefitsJobs are with specific employers, occupations can be found at many employersWhat are personal skills?Abilities of an individual to relate to other people in a productive mannerNeeded to be successfulCan be developedShow that you are productiveWhat is a career goal?The level of accomplishment you want to make in your workGoal setting1. Describe what you want to achieve in life2. Set steps to achieve each goal3. Determine ways and means to meet the goal4. Set deadline for reaching each step.What education and training is available for a horticulture career?Community Colleges: 1-2 yr programsUniversities: B.S., M.S., and PHD degreesGain background in plant science and related areasHow do you get and succeed in a job?How do I find a job?Contact an employer in person, by telephone, or by e-mailVisit personnel offices of employersVisit placement officesLook for help wanted ads in papers, mags, television, radio, internetAsk around/networkHow do I apply for a job?Fill out an applicationWrite a letter of applicationPrepare a personal data sheet/resumeInterview*Make sure you proofread your written material (misspellings, incorrect grammar, messy writing, false info) What do I do in an interview?Make personal appearance with the employer to discuss yourself and the jobGuidelines:Take needed info and materialsGroom and dress appropriatelyBE ON TIMESpeak clearly and confidentlyUse good mannersThank them for interviewing youWhat personal skills do I need to get along on the job?Work ethic: reflects your attitude toward workShow pride in work, take care of tools and equipment, doing extra workGetting along with peopleHonesty: dont steal, lie or cheatLifestyle: how you go about livingGet enough sleep, exercise, eat the right foods, avoid alcohol and drugsEnthusiasm: the energy you demonstrate when talking or movingDedication: loyalty to workDo what needs to be done as efficiently as possibleEducation and skill: gained thru school and experienceDress, grooming, and hygiene: what image do you haveDress appropriately, leave off distracting jewelry, bathe regularly, use deodorant, brush teethWhat personal skills do I need to get along on the job? (continued)What careers are available in the horticulture industry?What careers are available in horticulture?Horticulture therapistExtension AgentConsultantCommunicator in HorticultureTeacherResearch Scientist and Technician or AssistantPlant Inspector