Its 10:08Its lovely It weighs only 3 kilosIts a large sum of money 1.it作人称代词作人称代词1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到 的事物，以避免重复的事物，以避免重复:Ningboisabeautifulcity,isntit?1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子未知性别的婴儿或孩子): Is this your dog？No, it isnt.1.3.也可指抽象事物也可指抽象事物: Itwasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedidathinglikethat 2.非人称代词非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的称为非人称的it：2.1.指天气：指天气：It is a lovely day, isnt it?It is a bit windy.2.2.指时间指时间:It was nearly midnight when she came back.2.3.指环境指环境:It was very quiet in the caf.2.4.指距离：指距离：It is half an hours walk to the city centre. 1. S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(05全国)A. that B. it C. this D. himSentence patterns:B find possiblefeelimportant /clause（二）作引导词（二）作引导词 充当形式宾语充当形式宾语 2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause 3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth. no use 形式宾语形式宾语I think it his duty to clean the blackboard.Sentence patterns: a rulean honour eg.YaochengthinksitnousearguingwithourEnglishteacher.姚成认为和英语老师争吵没有用。姚成认为和英语老师争吵没有用。 zhangqiyuefounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.张启玥发现学英语非常有趣。张启玥发现学英语非常有趣。ZhanghaomadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinEnglish.张浩非常清楚地表示他对英语不感兴趣。张浩非常清楚地表示他对英语不感兴趣。I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04全国)A. this B. that C. it D. one点拨点拨: :这是这是itit作形式宾语的一种特殊用法作形式宾语的一种特殊用法. .少数动词少数动词( (如如like, like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciatelove, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate等等) )或包含介词的或包含介词的动词短语动词短语( (如如see to, depend onsee to, depend on等等) )后接宾语从句后接宾语从句, ,必须先由必须先由itit担任形式宾语担任形式宾语, ,再接从句再接从句. .1.I like (enjoy, hate) it when.2.I would appreciate it if3.see to (depend on) it that that depend on. see to 这些词组是带介词的动词短语，不能直接接that引导的宾语从句。加it,相当于the fact. 能接受that宾语从句的介词in that Sentence patterns:C形式宾语形式宾语lPlease see to it that the door is locked.l See to it that you are here on time tomorrow morning. lYou may depend on it that it is true.lYou may depend on it that we support you l You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. Doyouthink_difficulttoworkoutthismathsproblem?A.thatB.veryC.yourselfD.itHavingbeentheremanytimes,_tofindMr.Wangshouse.A.itwaseasyforhimB.forhimitwaseasyC.hefounditeasyD.hefoundeasyLittlequiz4. It 作形式宾语作形式宾语. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为为6123结构结构。 6指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或或that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. possibleIt is / was + adj. necessary + ( for sb. ) to do sth. / clause important ones duty It +is /was + n. ones hope + clause /( for sb. ) to do sth. an honour saidIt is / was p.p. known + that-clause believed 形式主语形式主语3.1 代替主语从句代替主语从句1）It is + adj. +that从句从句 It is clear ( obvious， true， possible certain.) that . “清楚（显然，真的，肯定）清楚（显然，真的，肯定）” It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. . It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动原）动原） ，should 可省。可省。建议建议记住该句型中的形容词。记住该句型中的形容词。It is important that we (should) learn English well. （三）（三）it it 引导词充当形式主语引导词充当形式主语 2）.It is +v-ed +that 从句从句 It is said (reported， learned.) that . 据说（据报道，据悉）据说（据报道，据悉）“。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. . It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词 时，时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原动词原 形），形），should 可以省；常译为可以省；常译为“据建议；有命据建议；有命 令）令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 3）. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原动词原 形），形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟竟 然然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 4). It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 该句型中该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气。后的从句应该用虚拟语气。 值得注意的是值得注意的是 常用过去时态或者常用过去时态或者should +do表示表示 虚拟虚拟该结构中的该结构中的should不能省略。常译为不能省略。常译为“是是 （正是）的时侯（正是）的时侯 It is time that children went to bed. It is/was the first ( second . ) time that . “是第一（二）次是第一（二）次”。该句型中。该句型中that that 后的从句应该用现在完成时或者过去完成时态。后的从句应该用现在完成时或者过去完成时态。 It is the first time I have been here. It was the second time that yangxing hadnt handed in his English exercises.5). It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 该句型中该句型中it是形式主语，是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主引导的是主语从句，主句中的句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来看来6 6）. It is +. It is +一段时间一段时间+since .+since .。 since since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬 间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完 成时。成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. died. 8）. It be . before . 该句型主句中的句型主句中的 it 指指时间， 主句中的主句中的时态常是常是将来一般将来一般时或或过去去时两种两种时态主句中的表主句中的表语多是多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等等表示表示时间段的段的词或短或短语，常，常译为“之后之后”。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 1). It takes sb. . to do sth. “做要花费某人做要花费某人” It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 2). It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的常见的有：有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ，stupid ， wise wrong等。等。 这个句型可以改写为：这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 3.2.3.2.作形式主语替代不定式作形式主语替代不定式3). It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 常见的形容词有：常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ，common ，normal ，hard ， difficult ,dangerous ， 等。等。 在在中的形容词作表中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，语可以用从句改写， 如：如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是表语可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock. 3.3.作形式主语替代ing形式 （四）（四）.引导词引导词it构成强调句构成强调句 1. It is + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that . 使用该句型有以下几点请注意：使用该句型有以下几点请注意： 强调句的谓语强调句的谓语isis或或waswas永远用单数永远用单数. . It was yesterday that I met your father in the street 不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用 that that连接，不得使用连接，不得使用wherewhere、whenwhen等连等连 词词. It was in the street that I met your father yesterday 被强调部分为人时，可用被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格主格或宾格)和和whom(宾格宾格)代替代替that，用，用that也行。也行。 1) It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday 2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday 强调句中强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。移的问题。 It is they who are our friendsIt was not until ten oclock that we got home last night注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is wasthat为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较： 1) It was ten oclock when we got home last night我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2) It was at ten oclock that we got home last night我们昨晚是在十点到家的。要点点拔第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten oclock last night”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when2. It is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. itIt is / was + 被被强调的部分的部分 +that / who+句子其他成分句子其他成分强调句型强调句型高考真题高考真题 It was _ back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go In which play is _ your brother appears? A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it where It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment. A. where; that B. which ; where C. that ; where D. which; that强调句型强调句型被强调的部被强调的部分是分是not until引导的时间引导的时间 状语状语?强调句型用于疑强调句型用于疑问句问句, , 被强调的被强调的部分是特殊疑问部分是特殊疑问词或从句引导词词或从句引导词?In which play is it that?It is thatIs it that?I dont know in which play it is that强调句型和强调句型和各种从句各种从句高考高考热点点?4. It 作形式宾语作形式宾语. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为为6123结构结构。 6指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或或that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.五、特殊句型五、特殊句型1). It is + +一段时间一段时间+ +since .。 since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬 间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完 成时。成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.2). It is . when . 该句型中的该句型中的 when when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主引导的是一个时间状语从句，主 句中的句中的 it it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译 为为“当的时候，是当的时候，是” It was 5 oclock when he came here. l3). It + will be +时间段时间段 +before(一般现在时一般现在时) 译为译为“多长时间后才会多长时间后才会/就会做就会做”。 It + was + 时间段时间段 + before(过去时过去时) 译为译为“多长时间后才多长时间后才/就做了就做了” 该句型主句中的该句型主句中的 it 指时间，主句中的时态常是指时间，主句中的时态常是 一般将来时或过去时两种时态一般将来时或过去时两种时态lIt was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 1.Its years _(since, before, after, that) I painted this beautiful picture.2.It will be years _(since, before, after, that) I paint this beautiful picture.3.It was years _(since, before, after,that) I painted this beautiful picture.4.Its for years _(since, before, after, that) I have painted this beautiful picture.易误辨析易误辨析: :It is +时间段段+since(过去去时).It + was + 时间段段 + before(过去去时)It + will be +时间段段 +before(一般一般现在在时)_ 4 4）. .It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 该句型中该句型中whether(ifwhether(if) ) 引导的从句是真正主语，引导的从句是真正主语， 该句型常译为该句型常译为“不论（是否）没关不论（是否）没关 系。系。 It doesnt matter if they are old. It的一些习惯用法的一些习惯用法常见的固定用法有常见的固定用法有: make it 成功，安排在或定在某时间成功，安排在或定在某时间forget it 别提了，忘了它吧别提了，忘了它吧Dont mention it 别提了，表示不用谢别提了，表示不用谢It doesnt matter 没关系没关系It(That) depends 视情况而定视情况而定You guessed it 你猜着了你猜着了Its hard to say 很难说很难说 Its up to you to do sth.由你来决定做某事由你来决定做某事Conclusion口诀口诀 代词代词 it本意它本意它, , 既可指这又指那既可指这又指那; ; 时间天气均可指时间天气均可指, , 谈到距离也用它谈到距离也用它; ; 假主假宾均可做假主假宾均可做, , 强调句型跟强调句型跟that。替代词替代词one,ones,that,those,it,this,that1)one,ones,that,thoseThat替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；one只替换单数的可数名词。只替换单数的可数名词。Thevaseontheleftismorebeautifulthantheoneontheright.ThecoffeeproducedinBrazilismorefamousthanthatinMexico.That只用于替换表示事物的名词，只用于替换表示事物的名词，而而one/ones替换表示人和表示替换表示人和表示事物的名词皆可。事物的名词皆可。Hisyoungersisteristallerthantheelderone.Ineedtheplasticbags,notthepaperones.ThecomputersinourschoolareconnectedtotheInternetwhilethoseintheirschoolarent.Thefootballplayersonourteamseemtobemoreenergeticthanthoseonyourteam.That/those一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；one/ones用于替换有用于替换有不定冠词的名词。不定冠词的名词。Thestyleofthebuildingissimilartothatofatemple.ACDplayermadeinJapancostsmorethanonemadeinHongKong.That/those一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。One/ones都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的of短语或当替换词被短语或当替换词被所有格修饰时，不用所有格修饰时，不用one/ones而用而用thatof/thoseof.Ilikethevasebetterthantheone/thatinanothershop.Thewindowsofyourflatarecleanerthanthoseofmine.Agrandparentsjobiseasierthanthatofaparent.2)it,this和和that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于it不如其余不如其余两者那么强调。两者那么强调。Soshedecidedtopaintthedoorpink.Itupsettheneighboursabit.Soshedecidedtopaintthehousepink.Thatreallyupsettheneighbours,asyoucanimagine.当前面提到的事物不止一件时，当前面提到的事物不止一件时，it通常指最先提到的事物，而通常指最先提到的事物，而This/that是指最后提到的事物。是指最后提到的事物。Wekeeptheicecreammachineinthespareroom.Itismainlyusedbythechildren.(指指themachine)Wekeeptheicecreammachineinthespareroom.This/Thatismainlyusedbythechildren.(指指thespareroom)This可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而that则指上文所提到的则指上文所提到的事物。事物。Listentothis!Wewillhavethreedaysoff.“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”Whosaidthat?3)It和和oneIt用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个和它替换的是同一个事物，事物，it前无修饰语；而前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，因此，但并不完全一样的事物，因此，one之前或之后一定有修饰语之前或之后一定有修饰语来加以区别。来加以区别。IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamstillusingitnow.IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagobutIamgoingtobuyanewonesoon.1.It_forthisreason_herunclemovedoutofNewYork.A.is.whichB.was.whyC.was.thatD.were.how2.Itwas_hesaidatthemeeting_disappointedme.A.what.,thatB.that.,thatC.what.,whatD.that.,whatDrills3.-WasntitDr.Liwhospoketoyoujustnow?-_.A.IdidntknowhewasB.Yes,hedidC.No,hedidntD.Yes,hewas4.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_hedied?A.thisB.thenC.thatD.while5.Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.itC.thatD.its6.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.itB.thisC.thatD.he7.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it8.Was_in1998_yourteachergraduatedfromuniversity?A.that.,thatB.it.whichC.it.thatD.it.when9.Hefelt_dutytoworkforhumanrightsandprogress.A.ithisB.hisC.thatisaD.thatishis10._isnogood_withoutdoinganything.A.This.talkingB.It.tospeakC.That.tosayD.It.talking11.Itwasthisvillage_Iwasbought.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.which12.Itwasinthisvillage_Iwasboughtup.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.which3.Canitbeinthedrawer_youputyourpassport?A.whereB.inwhichC.thereD.that4.ItwasJuly1,1997_sawthereturnofHongKongtothemotherland.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.inwhich5.Itistwoyears_Ijoinedthearmy.A.beforeB.sinceC.thatD.after6.Itwastwoyears_Ijoinedthearmy.A.beforeB.sinceC.thatD.after7.-Wasitunderthetree_youwereawaytalkingtoafriend?-Sure.ButwhenIgotbackthere,thebikewasgone.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.while8.-Whydontwetakealittlebreak?-Didntwejusthave_?A.itB.thatC.oneD.this9.Itwasnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since10._isthefactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It11.Itwasabout600yearsago_firstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when12.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them13.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so14.Itistheabilitytodothejob_mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it15.TheParkersboughtafewhousebut_willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which16._noneedforustodiscusstheproblemagainsinceithasalreadybeensettled.A.IthasB.TherehasC.ItisD.Thereis17.Wasitin1969_theAmericanastronautsucceeded_landingonthemoon.A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in18.Was_thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself19._wasin1979_Igraduatedfromtheuniversity.A.That;thatB.It;thatC.That;whenD.It;when20.Whatapitymynewcomputerdoesntwork!_mustbesomethingwrongwithit.A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.That21.Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one22.Someoneisknockingatthedoor,butwhocan_be?A.oneB.heC.sheD.it23.Aknockonthedoormadehimlookup.But_wasonlythemanager.A.thisB.thatC.sheD.it24.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis25.Is_necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he26.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it27.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for28.Theyhavemade_arule_intheroom.A.this;nottosmokeB.it;smokingC.it;tonotsmokeD.it;nottosmoke