让步状语从句Adverbial ClausesThe Adverbial 状语状语 修饰修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说，说 明明动作或状态动作或状态的的特征特征的句子成分，叫做的句子成分，叫做状语状语。 常见的状语有：常见的状语有：时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语、时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、目的状语、伴随状语伴随状语等等。状语从句状语从句Definition 在主从复合句中修饰主在主从复合句中修饰主句句中的动词、中的动词、 形容词、副词形容词、副词等的从句叫做等的从句叫做 “状语从句状语从句 ”。原因原因原因原因状语状语状语状语条件条件条件条件状语状语状语状语目的状语目的状语目的状语目的状语地点状语地点状语地点状语地点状语比较状语比较状语比较状语比较状语结果状语结果状语结果状语结果状语时间状语时间状语时间状语时间状语让步状语让步状语让步状语让步状语方式状语方式状语方式状语方式状语状语从句的类别状语从句的类别状状语语从从句句1. 时间时间状语从句状语从句2. 地点地点状语从句状语从句3. 原因原因状语从句状语从句4. 条件条件状语从句状语从句5. 让步让步状语从句状语从句6. 目的目的状语从句状语从句7. 结果结果状语从句状语从句8. 方式方式状语从句状语从句9. 比较比较状语从句状语从句让步状语从句定义：定义：让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，表达一种表达一种退一步的条件退一步的条件。一般翻译为。一般翻译为“尽管尽管”或或“即使即使”。引导让步状语从句的引导让步状语从句的连词连词主要有：主要有：though和和although（虽然，纵然）（虽然，纵然）; while; as（虽然（虽然.但是但是.）; even if和和even though（即使（即使纵使纵使）; whether.(or.)(无论是否或不管是无论是否或不管是还是还是); no matter + 疑问词（不管疑问词（不管都都）; 疑问词疑问词wh-ever等。等。让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。有时插在主句中间。让步让步状语从句的状语从句的常考点与重难点常考点与重难点重点重点难点难点常考点常考点although/ while/ even if/ wh-ever/ as/ whether等引导等引导的的让步状语从句让步状语从句状语从句的时态状语从句的时态、语序（倒装）、省语序（倒装）、省略、虚拟语气等略、虚拟语气等从属连词的含义从属连词的含义及用法比较及用法比较让步状语从句的引导词让步状语从句的引导词从属连词从属连词although/ thoughAlthough/ Though he was old, he worked hard. = He was old but he worked hard.注意一个典型的注意一个典型的中式英中式英语错误：although/ though 切不可与切不可与but连用用！但可用但可用yet, still。改错：改错：Although it rained heavily, but they still went out. 让步让步状语从句与并列句的区别状语从句与并列句的区别即学即练即学即练：1. Though he is in his sixties, _ he works as hard as a young manA. yet B. but C. and D. and yet2. Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. A. so B. and C. but D. yetAC题题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and/or/ but/ so 等。等。yet 是副词，只有是副词，只有 yet 可以与可以与 though 连用。连用。题题2为并列句，而为并列句，而“Excuse , but ”为一固定搭配。在为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。even if 和和 even though even though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为不大或假设的事情，意为“即使即使”、“纵然纵然”；Most of us ignore the advice, even if/ even though we know it is true.even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句有引导的让步状语从句有时用时用虚拟语气虚拟语气，如：，如：Even if/ though you hadnt helped me, I will thank you.as if/ as though 是什么用法？是什么用法？as引导的让步状语从句用引导的让步状语从句用倒装倒装语序语序：要：要把把表语表语、状语状语或动词原形或动词原形提前提前到句首到句首。1）表语的倒装）表语的倒装（如果表语是名词，要省略冠词）（如果表语是名词，要省略冠词）：Rich as he is, I dont envy him.Child as he is, he knows a lot.as2）谓语的倒装谓语的倒装（动词原形前置到句首）（动词原形前置到句首）：Try as he would, he could not remember a word. Search as they may, they can find nothing in the room.3）状语的倒装（不可在状语之前加状语的倒装（不可在状语之前加very等修饰语）等修饰语）：Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with him.whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever由连接代词由连接代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句，引导词作从句中，引导词作从句中的主语或宾语，如的主语或宾语，如：Whoever (= No matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go.Whomever (= No matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good.Whatever (= No matter what) happens, keep calm.We have no objection, whichever (= no matter which) you choose.whatever 或或whichever由由连连接形容接形容词词whatever 或或whichever 引引导导的的让让步状步状语语从句，从句，引导词后常有名词出现，引导词后常有名词出现，如：如：Whatever (= No matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相当于既相当于no matter 连连接主接主句与从句，又相当于疑句与从句，又相当于疑问问形容形容词词what 修修饰饰名名词词difficulties。)Whichever (= No matter which) method you use, the result is much the same.however, wherever 或或whenever由连接副词由连接副词however, wherever 或或whenever 引导引导的让步状语从句的让步状语从句，引导词作从句中的状语，引导词作从句中的状语，如如：However ( = No matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfil it on time.( however 既相当于既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰修饰 difficult。)Wherever ( = No matter where) they went, they were warmly welcomed.Whenever (= No matter when) Im unhappy, he cheers me up.The dog follows me wherever (= no matter where) I go.即学即练即学即练： 1. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although 2. The old tower must be saved, _the cost. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever 3. English and French are taught here. You can choose _ you like.A. no matter which B. whichever C. no matter what D. whateverno matter wh- 与与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：的联系及区别：no matter wh- 引导让步状语从句时与引导让步状语从句时与 wh-ever通用。通用。No matter when/ Whenever he comes back, he should be welcomed.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，又可引导名词性从句， no matter wh-不能。如：不能。如：Whoever can help us will be welcome.whether(or)whether(or)引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句： 这种这种让步状语让步状语从句也称从句也称“选择条件选择条件-让步状语从句让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前可位于主句之前、之后之后或切割主句或切割主句，如：，如：Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be here on time.Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it.Whether or not it rains, Im going tomorrow.We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal.whilewhile 引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首句首（主句前）（主句前），如：，如：While you may be right, I cant altogether agree.While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.即学即即学即练： 1、 _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. UnlessA while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示状语从句，表示“尽管尽管”。 让步让步状语从句的时态问题状语从句的时态问题特别关注特别关注：1. Although nobody _ me company, I will go there alone. A. keeping B. has kept C. keeps D. will keepC 在在让步状语从句（以及让步状语从句（以及时间时间、条件、条件状语状语从句从句）中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，即即“主将从现主将从现”。The parents will wait for him for dinner, although/ though he comes back late. No matter how/ However late he comes back, the parents will wait for him for dinner. While he comes back late, the parents will wait for him for dinner. Late as/ though he comes back, the parents will wait for him for dinner. 让步状语从句的语序问题让步状语从句的语序问题注意：注意：1. although/ even if/ even though引引导让导让步状步状语语从句从句时时不倒装不倒装；2. as引引导让导让步状步状语语从句从句时时必必须须倒装倒装；3. though引引导让导让步状步状语语从句从句时时可以倒装也可以不倒装可以倒装也可以不倒装； 4. while引引导让步状步状语从句常在句首（在主句前）；从句常在句首（在主句前）；5. however/ no matter how引引导让步状步状语从句从句时后常后常接形容接形容词或副或副词；6. whatever/ whichever 以及以及no matter what/ which引引导让步状步状语从句从句时后常接名后常接名词；涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装一、一、(表语表语)名词名词 + as/ though + 主语主语 + 动词动词. Child as he is, he knows to help other. Teacher though he is, he cant know everything. 【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。容词修饰也不用冠词。 二、二、(表语表语)形容词形容词 + as/ though + 主语主语 + 动词动词 Successful as he is, he is not proud. 【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。 三、（状语）副词三、（状语）副词 + as/ though + 主语主语 + 动词动词 Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there. Hard though they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. 四、动词原形四、动词原形 + as/ though + 主语主语 + 动词动词 Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 【说明】【说明】主语后的动词通常为主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用词；若陈述事实，则用did, do 等助动词等助动词)。涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装五、分词五、分词+as / though+主语主语+动词动词 Raining hard as it is, Im going out for a walk. Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to advance forward. 涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装1：如果主：如果主句和让步状语句和让步状语从句从句的的主语一致，从句中又有主语一致，从句中又有“be”时时，可，可省略主语和省略主语和be。Though (he was) meeting with the danger, the boy kept calm.Even if (we are) defeated a second time, we wont lose heart. 2：even if/ even though引导的让步状语引导的让步状语从句从句有时有时可可省略省略成成even so/ even not。We may fail again. Even so, we wont give it up.让步让步状语从句省略问题状语从句省略问题Though discovering several mistakes of his own, _.A. the boy wont correct themB. the boy wont correctC. we find the boy wont correct themD. they are difficult to correct A让步让步状语从句省略问题状语从句省略问题省略后的让步状语从句中，省略后的让步状语从句中，保留下来的非谓语动词必须和保留下来的非谓语动词必须和句子的主语有逻辑联系！句子的主语有逻辑联系！1、让步、让步状语从句连词的用法比较；状语从句连词的用法比较；2、让步状语从句中的虚拟语气让步状语从句中的虚拟语气；3、让步让步状语从句的时态问题；状语从句的时态问题；4、让步让步状语从句倒装及省略问题；状语从句倒装及省略问题；5、让步让步状语从句与其它从句区别。状语从句与其它从句区别。Start Practicing1._ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A.While B. since C. Before D. Unless2. The workers are determined to gothrough with their railway project, _ the expenses have risen.A.as long as B. even thoughC. now that D. as though3. _, he knows more than other children of his age.A. However young child he isB. Child as he isC. No matter how young child isD. What a young child he is4. I really want the match, however much _.A. does it cost B. costs itC. will it cost D. it costs5. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A. As if B. Now thatC. Even if D. Soon after6. _, the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him.A.Wanting the job very muchB.Although wanting the job badlyC.Though he wanted the job very muchD.He wanted the job badly7.（2014北京卷）北京卷）29. _ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. As B. When C. Even though D. In case【考点】考察状【考点】考察状语从句从句连词辨析辨析【答案】【答案】C【解析】本【解析】本题的状的状语从句从句连词都是常用的都是常用的连词。As由于，因由于，因为为；随着；随着；when当当时时；even though即使即使，尽管；，尽管；in case以防；句意：即使那个森林公园很以防；句意：即使那个森林公园很遥遥远远，但是每年都有很多游客到那里参，但是每年都有很多游客到那里参观观。根据句。根据句意可知上下文之意可知上下文之间间有有转转折关系，所以使用折关系，所以使用even though表示表示让让步步转转折关系。故折关系。故C正确。正确。8.（2014江江苏卷）卷）21. Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.A. though B. as C. since D. unless【考点】考察状【考点】考察状语从句从句连词辨析辨析【答案】【答案】A【解析】本【解析】本题考察的是状考察的是状语从句的从句的连词辨析。辨析。Though尽管；尽管；as随着，因随着，因为为；since自从，既然；自从，既然；unless除非，如果除非，如果不不；句意：尽管；句意：尽管历历史不能改史不能改变变，但是，但是为为了面了面对对未来我未来我们还们还是要从是要从历历史中学会教史中学会教训训。根据句意可知上下文之。根据句意可知上下文之间间存在着存在着转转折关系，所折关系，所以使用以使用though表示表示让让步和步和转转折。故折。故A正确。正确。9.（2014山山东卷）卷）2. I dont really like the author, _ I have to admit his books are very exciting. A. although B. unless C. until D. once 【考点】考察状【考点】考察状语从句从句连词辨析辨析【答案】【答案】A【解析】本【解析】本题考察的是状考察的是状语从句的从句的连词表示。表示。Although尽管；尽管；unless除非，如果除非，如果不不；until直直到到才才；once一旦；句一旦；句义义：尽管我承：尽管我承认这认这本本书书很很精彩，但是我并不喜精彩，但是我并不喜欢这欢这本本书书的作者。根据句的作者。根据句义义可可知上下文之知上下文之间间存在存在这转这转折关系，四个折关系，四个选项选项中只有中只有A项项表示上下文的表示上下文的转转折。故折。故A正确。正确。10.【2013江江苏】28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever 【答案】【答案】C【解析】考【解析】考查状状语从句。此从句。此处考考查-ever引引导的的让步步状状语从句。通从句。通过分析从句，可知句子不缺少主干成分析从句，可知句子不缺少主干成分，故排除代分，故排除代词ABD项，故答案，故答案选C。11.【2013辽宁】宁】24. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life.A. how B. what C. when D. where 【答案】【答案】A【解析】考【解析】考查状状语从句。此从句。此处考考查no matter引引导的的让步状步状语从句。副从句。副词how修修饰形容形容词或副或副词，横，横线后后为形形容容词full，故，故选how。no matter how= however(无无论如何如何)。12.【2013四川】四川】7.He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before 【答案】【答案】A【解析】考【解析】考查状状语从句。根据句意从句。根据句意“他如此繁忙。他不可他如此繁忙。他不可能抽出足能抽出足够的的时间来陪他的儿子来陪他的儿子即便是他想那即便是他想那样做。做。”，可知答案，可知答案选A。13.【2013天津】天津】5. _ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.A. As B. If C. Although D. Once 【答案】【答案】C【解析】考【解析】考查状状语从句。根据句意即可判断：从句。根据句意即可判断：这个个公司公司虽然小，但是它在然小，但是它在30多个国家有大多个国家有大约1000个采个采购商。此商。此处状状语从句从句连词后省略了句子的主后省略了句子的主语和和be动词，即，即although (it is) small。14.（2011江西卷）江西卷）29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you.A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever15.（2011全国卷全国卷II）19. It was a nice meal, _a little expensive.A. though B. whether C. as D. since16.（2011北京卷）北京卷）29. _ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball.A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While17.（2011四川卷）四川卷）4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in waking him up.A. whether B. although C. for D. so18.（2011辽宁卷）宁卷）25. No matter how _ , it is not necessarily lifeless.A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may beC. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be19. .（2011陕西卷）陕西卷）19. _ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As20.（2011重庆卷）重庆卷）30. To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with. A. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. whereverSummary1.2.Homework1.2.Goodbye!