绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运english2591155gmail.com外宣题材翻译的标准和方法外宣题材翻译的标准和方法外宣题材的翻译具有时效性强、涉及面广等特点，工作的难度比较大。为了提高翻译效果，在外宣翻译工作中要尽量采取“立体化”的思维方式。所谓立体化的思维，体现在四个方面。首先是多角度的切入首先是多角度的切入。这就是说，在着手翻译之前，我们首先要考虑英语里有没有现成的东西可以“借用”；如果没有，那么我们再想一想英语里有没有类似的说法可以“模仿”；如果还是没有，那么我们就得自己“创造”。其次是多元化的翻译标准其次是多元化的翻译标准。我们可以把外宣工作的翻译标准具体化为：准确、通顺和变化。只有做到了这三点，对外宣传的翻译工作才能收到更好的效果。准确(loyalty)-外宣工作中的翻译有一个突出的特点，即基本上都是中译外，也就是把大量有关中国的各种信息从中文翻译成外文，通过图书、期刊、报纸、广播、电视、互联网等媒体以及国际会议，对外发表和传播。这一特点决定了这类翻译的首要标准是传达原文的意思必须准确。通顺(readability)-对于从事外宣工作的翻译人员来说，最应该注意的是要潜心研究外国文化和外国人的心理思维模式，善于发现和分析中外文化的细微差异和特点，时刻不忘要按照国外受众的思维习惯去把握翻译。这就是要求英译文要尽量做到地道一些，符合英语的表达习惯,为外国读者所喜闻乐见。变化(variety)-由于对外宣传的内容主要涉及政治、经济、商业、社会等等方面，题材一般都比较严肃，中文通常都缺乏生动性，所以在将其翻译成英文时应尽量注意语言表达的丰富性和多样性，这样更加符合这类题材的英语风格，可读性更强一些。翻译的立体化思维的第三个方面是多层面的处理多层面的处理。要考虑多种翻译因素对翻译的影响，如英语的习惯用法、英语的句式结构、专业术语的特点、不同的文体特征、跨文化交流的障碍等等，并采取适当的方式进行有效的处理。翻译中的立体思维还涉及另外一个重要的方面，那就是要充分利用现代的立体化的翻译工具和资源。这就是说，除了我们脑子里的知识经验以及词典工具书之外，我们还应该尽量使用互联网资源。有了互联网这个信息库，就等于身边有一群中外专家随时可以给你答疑解难。我们脑子里的知识经验和词典工具书所提供的信息是非常有限的，而互联网这个信息库则可以取之不尽、用之不竭。绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运1.GreenOlympic,Hi-techOlympic,PeoplesOlympic2.GreenOlympics,Hi-techOlympicsandPeoplesOlympics3.Environment-friendlyOlympics,Technology-empoweredOlympicsandCulture-enrichedOlympics4.人文奥运北京获得2008奥运会的举办权是世界对北京的认同和信任。1.Beijingssuccessinitsbidforthe2008OlympicGamesisaproofofinternationalrecognitionofandconfidenceinBeijing.2.Beijingssuccessinitsbidforthe2008OlympicGamesisthemanifestationoftrustandrecognitionoftheworld.3.ThefactthatBeijinghasbeenawarded/Beijingssuccessinwinningtherighttohostthe2008OlympicGamesshowstheworldsrecognitionandtrustofBeijing.讲评：讲评：“奥运会”可以用不同的表达方式：TheOlympicGamestheOlympicsOlympiad“2008年北京奥运会”可以用不同的表达方式：2008OlympicGamesthe2008OlympicGamestobeheldinBeijingTheBeijingOlympicsin2008theGamesofthe29thOlympiadThe2008versionoftheOlympicGames根据“为人的和谐发展，以促进建立一个维护人的尊严的和平社会”的奥林匹克宗旨，北京提出了“绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运”的举办理念。1.InaccordancewiththegoalofOlympismtoplaceeverywheresportattheserviceoftheharmoniousdevelopmentofman,withaviewtoencouragingtheestablishmentofapeacefulsocietyconcernedwiththepreservationofhumandignity,BeijinghasputforwardtheconceptsoftheBeijingOlympicGames:GreenOlympics,Hi-techOlympics,PeoplesOlympics.2.InlinewiththetenetoftheOlympicGames:“toplaceeverywheresportattheserviceoftheharmoniousdevelopmentofMan,withaviewtoencouragingtheestablishmentofapeacefulsocietyconcernedwiththepreservationofhumandignity”,Beijingproposestheconceptsof“GreenOlympics,Hi-techOlympicsandPeoplesOlympics”3.As“thegoalofOlympismistoplaceeverywheresportattheserviceoftheharmoniousdevelopmentofman,withaviewtoencouragingtheestablishmentofapeacefulsocietyconcernedwiththepreservationofhumandignity,”Beijinghasproposed/putforward,inharmonywiththisspirit,theconceptsofEnvironment-friendlyOlympics,Technology-empoweredOlympicsandCulture-enrichedOlympics.讲评：讲评：“绿色奥运”可以用不同的表达方式：GreenOlympicsEnvironment-friendlyOlympicsEcology-friendlyOlympicsEcologicallycongenialOlympics“科技奥运”可以用不同的表达方式：Technology-gearedOlympicsTechnology-empoweredOlympicsAgreatmulti-sporteventsophisticatedbyhigh-techapplicationsHigh-tech-sophisticatedOlympics“人文奥运”可以用不同的表达方式：Culture-enrichedOlympicsaculture-orientedmassivesporteventculture-highlightedOlympics绿色奥运，就是将环境保护作为奥运设施规划和建设的首要条件。1.GreenOlympicsmeansthatprioritywillbegiventoenvironmentalprotectionintheplanning,designingandconstructionofOlympicvenuesandfacilities.2.TheconceptofGreenOlympicsistoputenvironmentalprotectionasapriorityintheplanningandconstructionoftheOlympicinfrastructure.3.Environment-friendlyOlympicsrequiresthatenvironmentalprotection(should)begivenpriority/takenasthefirstconsiderationintheplanningandconstructionofOlympicinfrastructuresandfacilities.北京正在各个领域里努力推广环保工作，积极参与各项改善生态环境的活动，大幅度提高首都环境质量，建设生态城市。1.Wewilltryourbesttopromoteenvironmentaltreatment,activelyjoininactivitiesaimedatimprovingtheecologicalenvironment,inanefforttodrasticallyimprovetheenvironmentalqualityofthecapitalandbuilditintoanecologicalcity.2.Inordertoimproveremarkablythecapitalsenvironmentalqualitytobuildanecologicallybalancedcity,Beijingisintensifyingitseffortsinpromotingtheenvironmentalprotectionineveryfieldandplayinganactiveroleintheactionsaimedattheecologicalenvironmentalimprovement.3.Beijinghasbeenpressingahead/forward/onwithenvironmentalprotectionineveryfieldbylaunchingvariousprojectstoimprovethecitysecologicalenvironment,withaviewtoconsiderablyraisingtheenvironmentalqualityofthecapitalsoastoeventuallybuild/turnitintoanecology-friendlycity.北京北京2008奥运将以绿色清新的面貌出现，为世界环保运动注入新的动力。奥运将以绿色清新的面貌出现，为世界环保运动注入新的动力。1. Beijing will show a fresh and green appearance in 2008 Olympic Games, which will bring new drive to international environment protection movement.2. Beijing 2008 Olympic Games will appear green and fresh, to lend a new impetus to the worlds environmental protection. 3. The 2008 Olympic Games to be held in Beijing will present itself as a refreshingly Green Olympics, which will add momentum to the worldwide endeavor / drive for environmental protection.科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。1.ScienceandtechnologyisthesourcepowerwhichcandrivecivilizationofHumanbeing.2.Technologyisthepropellingpowerfortheprogressofhumanscivilization.3.Scienceandtechnologyempowerstheprogressofhumancivilization.古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。1.China,anold-linecountry,hashadahighpositionintheworldstechnologyhistory.2.TheancientChinahadbeenpossessinganimportantplaceinthehistoryoftheworldsscienceandtechnology.3.AncientChinahadonceheldanimportantplaceinthehistoryofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。1.Today,Chinesepeoplearenotonlysharingtheharvestoftechnologyandcivilizationwithpeoplefromrestoftheworld,butpromotingthescienceandtechnologyinallkindsoffieldaswell.2.AndtodaysChinesepeoplenotonlysharewiththewholeworldtheirachievementsinthesetwoareas,butalsodriveforwardtheiruniversaladvancement.3.Today,theChinesepeople,whilesharingthetechnologicalaccomplishmentswiththerestoftheworld,arecontributingtheirpartinallfieldstopropellingtheadvanceofscienceandtechnologyintheworld.科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民术成果的产业化及其在人民 生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。1.High-techOlympicsmeansthatwewillcloselyfollowthelatesthigh-techdevelopmentshomeandabroadandintegratethehigh-techachievementsnationwidesoastohostamagnificentsportseventinhigh-techachievement.Indoingso,Beijingscapacityinhigh-techinnovationwillbeimprovedandtheapplicationofhigh-techachievementsinproductionandpeopleslifepromoted.BeijingOlympicGameswillbeawindowtoshowcaseourhigh-techachievementsandinnovativecapacity.2.SotheconceptofHigh-techOlympicsisintendedtoreflectthelatestsci-techdevelopmentbyaggregatingnationwidethefruitsofscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,thustopresentasportinggalaofhighscientificandtechnologicalcontent;toenhanceBeijingsabilityforinnovationinthesetwoareas,andforgeaheadwiththeindustrialapplicationandpopularizationofnewandhighsci-techresults,makingthisGamesawindowonthoseresultsandthatkindofability.3.Thetechnology-gearedOlympicswillshowcasethelatestdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,anddisplaytheachievementsoftechnicalinnovationthroughoutthecountry.Itwillappearasagreatmulti-sporteventsophisticatedbyhigh-techapplications.TheBeijingOlympicsin2008,intendedasashow-windowfordisplayinghigh-techachievementsandinnovationprogress,willenhanceBeijingscapacityoftechnicalinnovation,andpromotetheindustrializationofhigh-techfruitsandtheirwideapplicationinpeoplesdailylives.讲评：讲评：“科技奥运将反映，集成，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会”这一句也要注意:“反映”是toshowcase；“集成”也是display的意思，不是integrate比如可以说adisplayofconcentratedhigh-techachievementsnationwide；“推出”在这个上下文中是appearas而不是launch，因为句子的主语是“科技奥运”；而“高科技含量的体育盛会”也不应该翻译为inhigh-techachievement或withhigh-techcontent;说fraughtwithhigh-techapplications比较好。2008年北京奥运会更将是一次人文奥运的盛会。1.The2008OlympicGamesthatwewillhostinBeijingisalsoaPeoplesOlympics.2.Beijing2008OlympicGameswillalsobeahumanisticpageant,3.TheGamesofthe29thOlympiadtobehostedbyBeijingwillbeagalagatheringfeaturingaculture-orientedmassivesportevent.它将普及奥林匹克精神，弘扬中华民族优秀文化，它将普及奥林匹克精神，弘扬中华民族优秀文化，加深各国人民之间的了解、信任与友谊。加深各国人民之间的了解、信任与友谊。1.WewilltaketheopportunitytopopularizetheOlympicspirit,promotethetraditionalChinesecultureaswellasdeepentheunderstandingandenhancethetrustandfriendshipamongthepeoplesofdifferentcountries.2.aimingtoboostthespreadoftheOlympicspirit,carryforwardChinesefineculturalheritages,andenhancethetrust,friendshipandunderstandingamongpeopleofdifferentcountries.3.ItwillextensivelyincarnatetheOlympicspirit,disseminatethebrilliantChineseculture,andenhancetheunderstanding,trustandfriendshipamongthepeoplesallovertheworld.北京奥运会将坚持北京奥运会将坚持 “以人为本以人为本”，以运动员为中心，以运动员为中心，构建体现人文关怀的环境，为八方来客提供全方位的构建体现人文关怀的环境，为八方来客提供全方位的优质服务。优质服务。1.Wewillalwaysgivefirstconsiderationtotheneedofpeople,especiallytheathletes,andprovidefavorablenaturalandculturalenvironmentsandqualityservicesforvisitorsfromallovertheworld.2.Adheringtothe“people-oriented”principle,theGameswillcreateahumanisticenvironmentwithathletesthefocus,toprovideall-directionalandhigh-standardservicetotheguestsfromtheworldover.3.Upholdingthe“puttingpeoplefirst”principleandadoptingthe“sportsman-centered”approach,theBeijingOlympiadwillcreateanatmospherefilledwithhumanecare,renderingafullrangeofqualityservicestoguestsandfriendsfromthefourcornersoftheearth/globe.讲评：讲评：北京奥运会将坚持“以人为本”(putthepeoplefirst)，以运动员为中心(sportsmen-centered)，构建体现人文关怀的环境，为八方来客提供全方位的优质服务。北京市奥组委主任刘淇同志在一次关于首都建设发展规划的报告中曾指出：“按照人文奥运的要求，我们将始终不渝地坚持以人为本的思想，在重视人类共性特征的同时，又充分重视不同国家、不同民族间的差异，为全体参与奥运会的人们创造祥和、友好、融洽的文化氛围。”英语中的human-centeredapproach就是首先考虑人的因素。“构建体现人文关怀的环境”应翻译成cultivate/fosteranaura/atmosphereofhumaneconcern/care之类的意思，不要翻译为build/constructanenvironment等。围绕这届奥运会，一系列丰富多彩、形态各异的文化、体育活动将陆续展开，汇为普天同庆的文化盛典。1.Centeredonthe2008OlympicGames,wewillorganizeaseriesofdiversifiedculturalandeducationalprogramsinsuccessioninthefuture,whichwillmakethe2008OlympicGamesagrandceremonyforallpeople.2.CenteredroundtheGames,aseriesofcolorfulandvariousculturalandsportingactivitieswillbecarriedoutinsuccession,turningtheGamesintoaculturalextravaganzacelebratedbythewholenation.3.Againstthebackdrop/inthecontextofthe2008versionofOlympicGames,arichprogramofeventsinavarietyofformswillbestaged,whichwillculminateinaninternationalculturalpageantryamidstgreatjubilation.讲评：讲评：最后一句中的“围绕这届奥运会”可以表述为undertheumbrellatheme/programofthe29thOlympicGames。这个句子也可以翻译成这样：CenteredroundtheGames,aseriesofcolorfulandvariousculturalandsportingactivitieswillbecarriedoutinsuccession,turningtheGamesintoaculturalextravaganzacelebratedbythewholenation.