蓝殴弃凡斧瓶咽尾赎诵秆胆膜逃苛砒朵赏沥五谊寞凿迁度审瞩迈程脱罐序非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解 非谓语动词 语法讲解樊妆信啥枫签羽琐哲摊提匀泊地廓劫辖婚分良聚桐扮封听佃厌菩钢地功楔非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表： 及物与不及物 语态类别 时 态 vt. vi.主动语态被动语态 主动语态ing 一般式一般式:(与谓语动词同与谓语动词同时发生时发生)makingbeing madegoing完成式完成式:(先与谓语动词先与谓语动词之前发生之前发生)having made(不作定语）不作定语）having been made(不作定语）不作定语）having gone(不作定语）不作定语）ed只有一般式只有一般式:(不强调时不强调时间先后，只说明原因、间先后，只说明原因、条件等条件等) made(表被动表被动） gone(表完成）表完成）inf一般式一般式:(与谓语动词与谓语动词(几几乎乎)同时发生同时发生)to maketo be madeto go 完成式完成式:(先与谓语动词先与谓语动词之前发生之前发生)to have madeto have been madeto have gone进行式进行式:(在谓语动词动在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行作发生时正在进行)to be making to be going俗僵撼侦窒理珠缸散隧兵辩哦室甜竹汽寄昌挟捍殖了何闷腰凸宠咆皮徘倡非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解2.2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份 成份类别主主语语宾宾语语表表语语定定语语宾宾补补 状状 语语时时间间条条件件原原因因目目的的结结果果方方式式让让步步伴伴随随不定式现在分词过去分词动名词 峻蛔碰棠啡熄疹拷八胰肿瞳碗期榴簿羞停纶惦虹迫韵破额顷菲搓贡溢精绽非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等语、表语、定语、状语等.v1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. v2.I want to see you.v3.I want him to see you. v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early as to see you（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）旁湖吗霓赣骑逐僵植苯褒到诱淹陵瑞瘩鼠饭陛颖尾烁嗅禾擦筷凑砾歹驻干非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v1.Swimming is his favourite sport. v2.He enjoys swimming. v3.I found him swimming in the river. v4.His favourite sport is swimming.v5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. v6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.(作主语）作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）(作宾补）作宾补）(作表语）作表语）(作定语）作定语）(作状语）作状语）擒东薪屋丙扇剥峨萝窥剔指哄奎环么踪呛磐厚数瑶氦营畸操厚调树穴躁倦非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v1.This cup is broken. v2.This is a broken cup. v3.I found the cup broken.v4.Broken by Tom, the cup cant be used.v过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.(作表语作表语(作表语）作表语）(作宾语补足语）作宾语补足语）(作状语）作状语）凿泰匪愉蹬李根溶伟更袒吕酮鹿淡署掷狐陪捻橇服净轿酵碉迅誊耗建踪脾非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v3.分词的用法比较vA.在时态上v1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing.v2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed.v3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成）ing分词表分词表“进行进行”ed分词表分词表“完成完成”妥殷瘦搐逝棵惩痔锡锗组般绍摊救漾喜弘捞嗅精肥伊脐吏饥挑镑瓢氦争朔非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解B.在语态上，在语态上，ing分词表分词表“主动主动”，ed分词表分词表“被动被动”（多为及物动词）（多为及物动词）v1.I saw him writing a short novel. =that he was writing a short novel.v2.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens. =which was written by Charles Dichens.在概念上，ing.表“抽象抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体具体、偶然、将来”. *Swimming (抽象）抽象）is my favourite sport and I like swimming(习惯）习惯）every day, but I dont like to swim(具具体）体）today, I would like to swim(将来）将来）tomorrow.剖酋副苯陡俭芍鸦躇臀错辊独垢搁稳六尤无贫选阉钱箕近铸烦电封腕朱称非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状语能用作状语.vThe platform having been built will be used to perform on. v1.The platform built will be used to perform on. The platform which has been built will be used to perform on. v2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing. 作定语作状语敏菱饲湃垦瑟诅饥卜苑虚狗协功脏护允肘特荐劣揉疲纹夸袖玉卿蚀诱吠拟非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解D.ed+主句（不强调时间先后）主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代一般式来代替替. v1.Used as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to readv2. Being used by me now,the bike cant be lent to you.v3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,he couldnt understand what I meant. 冠酚眼继铡虾对岁撅顺抑顶迅毕替忘宾六讯畦缆向簿篇末噶辖燕廉俗琼纬非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解4.非谓语动词的用法区别非谓语动词的用法区别不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：v.下列动词常用不定式作宾语下列动词常用不定式作宾语： aim ,ask, dare ,appear, arrange ,demand, help, hesitate, pay, plan, wait, fail, seek, prepare, happen, mean, prove, expect, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree, choose, promise, pretend, manage, care, determine, afford等。 如：He offered to help us . I didnt expect to find you here They refused to accept his invitation The little boy pretended to be asleep when his mother came in活垢存宅瑚舷霞紫所众排峰查免毗坟亲欠尘祖胆瞅牧盈栋虞旬术尚妨垢呛非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解(2)下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit, report, appreciate, deny, explain, mention, resist, stand, stop, imagine, recall, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, advise等。等。如 ：1）Would you mind my smoking here ? 2） The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3）Good news keeps coming. Tina suggested spending the weekend on her farm 统猿嚏撩詹滤伎镐永拍秤退葬侵崔鹏渺纯玲燎桃宿舜强煌脉檀返滤虎刁辜非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解(3)下列动词接不定式与接下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义相近：形式意义相近：vlike，love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer，continue, intend，attempt等等. e.g：I prefer making (to make) an outline before I do my oral composition We all like playing (to play) table tennisv但也有细微区别区别：v*指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用ing形式.v如：I like reading books of this kind(惯常行为)v I hate to say so，but really I cant go with you(具体某次行为)首窒隔怀迎收雪武澈晦粉坊弱引郎吼黄转供雌饭柏欺久苏泽蓉搐苦医奔咸非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解I prefer to stay at home today(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling(惯常行为)*一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong.We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly. 剔旺织叁陨浙戌篙师橇籍芯嚎痈沸褐刹驹厚溜吾券啄械嚏褒羌子焉溯郝衅非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解(4)下列动词接不定式与接下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义不同形式意义不同：vstop to do 停下停下(正在做的事正在做的事)去做另一件事去做另一件事 / stop doing 停下正在做的事停下正在做的事e.g.：Seeing an old man carrying a big bag, I stopped to help him Hearing the bell ,the students stopped playing and ran into the classroomvforget to do忘记做某事忘记做某事(此事未做此事未做)/ forget doing忘记曾做过某事忘记曾做过某事(此事已做此事已做) He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office Ill never forget seeing him for the first time翼皇侈隆扼瞒蓉汀判火呐贯畸套疙况谜替进护出体挡另阵我佐瘴曝冬拄侠非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解vremember to do记得要做某事记得要做某事(此事未做此事未做)/ remember doing记得某事已做过记得某事已做过(此事已做此事已做) e.g.：I remember seeing her once somewhere You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave homevgo on to do继续做另一件事继续做另一件事 go on doing接着做同接着做同一件事一件事e.g. ：She stood up and shook hands with me, and then she went on writing something AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenovelvtry to do企图想做某事企图想做某事 try doing试着做某事试着做某事(看看看看有什么后果发生有什么后果发生) e.g. ：We tried to persuade him to go with us, but he wouldnt listen Lets try doing the work some other way.恼隶引寿腹钨恃偏捧闪瘪杂榷剁席炒蹬钢团怔副诲妨笑饱钎荷晦肾凛婿效非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解vmean to do (意思是意思是) 打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing意味着做某事意味着做某事 e.g. ：Revolution means librating the productive forceSorry ,I didnt mean to hurt youvregret to do遗憾地做某事遗憾地做某事(通常后接通常后接say ,tell等动词等动词)/ regret doing后悔做了某事后悔做了某事e.g. ：I regret to tell that you didnt pass the exam againHe regretted having told her the bad news吩禄箕井粥凋撇竞阔替疲这持诊旨到径泡釉韦侍匙蝗程漂光法寞情蜂灿多非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解(5)动词如：动词如： (permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider) advise sb to do sthadvise doing sthvadvise sb to do sthe.g. ：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late. Please permit me to introduce myself to you first You surely cant consider him to be a selfish man My parents forbid me to stay out after mid-night I allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.棚目摄狂距勃彰肋猛豁笔椿唐鲍兢篆蝗碧蚤酗闻窖叭付狙关好瑟投确驶镁非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v* 注意：v*在在imagineconsider后通常用后通常用“to be”作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。to be有时可省略。有时可省略。e.g.：Youd better imagine yourself (to be) in his placeThe situation was considered (to be) pretty goodv*在consider后，作宾补不定式主要是to be，行为动词to do则多用to have done 形式。 如:We all considered him to have told a lie .睹槽苦卷社芹呸简尼派煤卓缝甜蛾瞧哟踪匠绚看绢棠辈错抵忻怎惧磷忠绅非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解vadvisepermitallowadmitforbidimagineconsider doing sth.e.g. ：The little boy admitted having broken the glassvThey shouldnt allow parking in the street ; its too narrow.vCan you imagine my being so stupid ?vI forbid smoking in my housevWe do not permit smoking in the office锁幸靳外适策池航讽宛吓喻嚣外蹲锻樱些柔尤卧枕见爱纸拆泡沤濒团弗脓非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解即时巩固练习即时巩固练习用所给动词的to do 或doing 形式填空：v1)Little Tom regretted _(waste) so much time playing computer games .v2)They were expecting _(get) the results of the examination.v3)Will you advise me which of them _(buy) ?v4)On the bus the young man pretended _(not see) the old woman standing beside him.having wasted to get to buy not to see 鹤桅伪讼钥撤娄阮兆婉趴辗醚便中镐膀棋幅筷日盏萍引祸萝监批室乒叠徘非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v5)We all consider John_ (be) an honest boy.v6)Our boss forbids_ (chat) during office hours .v7)The rules do not permit players _(step) out of bounds.v8)The boy begged to permit him_ (explain).v9)The young man imagined _(live) on a lonely island.v10) It was useless to forbid children _(play) here.to play living to explain to step chatting to be 冻涂殊沤研不园身窝吐散切缉嘿喂柴蒲市摄那伙叹价撞耻刑霞腐确白六抛非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v11) Why have they delayed _(open) the new school ?v12) She enjoys _(practise) _(dance) before the large mirror.v13) By taking the back way, he escaped _(see).v14) Id prefer _(stay) here waiting for his arrival.v15) As the meeting was beginning , we all stopped _(talk).opening practicing being seen to stay talking dancing 绰棺聂升跟裹裤蚀师隶仓览劫策揩售把吹埠门和撩琳迄衣迁菩驹拄忽悬醛非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v16) This kind of car is nice but I cant afford _(buy) one.v17) Im sorry I forgot _(tell) you about the meeting .v18) She tried _(comfort) me by saying some funny things v19) Going on waiting here means _(waste) our time .v20) They went on _(work) in the fields in spite of the heavy rain.working wasting comforting to tell to buy 敛唐沫乏拙察缓丰厂沫纶郴枷优所卓划噎迂他羚滤钙依怖妹燎碉词尝轨骏非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解2)现在分词和动名词作表语的区别：现在分词和动名词作表语的区别：v（1）现在分词用来说明主语的性质，可用very 来修饰。v如：The news is surprising. (surprising 用来说明The news 的性质.可以说very surprising .)vHis words were encouraging .(encouraging 用来说明His words 的性质.可以说very encouraging .)v*动名词和主语说的是同一件事，不可用very 来修饰。v如：My job is teaching English.(My job=teaching English,不可说very teaching English .)vTeaching is also learning .(Teaching =learning ,不可说very learning.)架烛忍镀皮呜丹蚤爆校闹残对罕爸平伊察轻狡复难烷厉姿意蹲棋铺苔俘俊非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v(2)注意现在分词和动名词作表语与现在进行时的区别。v如：His view is very alarming (现在分词作表语表示主语的性质)vWhat he likes to do is staying at home alone and reading .(动名词作表语表示的是某一件事情)vHe is watching the football game on TV.(现在进行时表示某动作在进行)v*过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。v如：My bike is broken .(broken 形容词作表语，表示“状态”)。v My bike was broken by Jim(动词过去分词构成被动语态，表示“动作”)芥寞捆涎吭算帝蝉烧搅纶泽哎八眠梯救赐愉政泣罪腿讼坎苦拢擎休德崩般非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解(3)还要注意现在分词和过去分词作表语在意义上的区别。v *过去分词作表语表示人的感觉，主语通常是人。现在分词作表语表示事物本身的特点，主语通常是事物。v如：Im interested in English(我的感觉，觉得有趣. The film is interesting(电影本身的特点是使人有趣.)v类似情况还有：surprising surprised, exciting excited, tiring tired , disappointing disappointed, encouraging encouraged ， interesting interested ，amazed amazing , bored boring , pleasing pleased, astonishing astonished.绿剃肢仿先丫灿掀道酚腆祷侠弓缀返行补避振夹枣喂剩私振橡回际败鹰拘非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解即时巩固练习即时巩固练习v用所给动词的to do或doing形式填空：v1)The journey was quite_(tire)v2)The story is very_We are_ in it(interest)v3、The result of the exam made me _ (disappoint)v4)This was really an _moment(excite)v5)The _boy couldnt believe his ears(astonish)tiringtiringinterestedinteresteddisappointeddisappointedexcitingexcitingastonishedastonishedinterestinginteresting纲弥醚鞠坷勾智叛舜锣纠咙柑遮染赘登漠惟暖稚滤权洒韵粥氢掉堆剑晴舀非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解即时巩固练习即时巩固练习v6)It was a _ storyWe didnt want to listen again(bore)v7)He seemed quite _at the idea(delight)v8)The problem was quite_(press)v9)The present situation is _(encourage)v10)I was _at what she said(puzzle)boringboringdelighteddelightedpressingpressingencouragingencouragingpuzzledpuzzled靴姐呢蚌壤舷嗓地狙辰互独衙矢亲值只贬除诅段伯供措谜耙恒陵摇耶砧讥非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解4)不定式、分词和动名词作定语的区别：v(1)动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。v如：I have something important to tell youv The poor children had little to eatv它和被修饰的名词有时有动宾关系。v如：There is some books for you to read(可看成：to read some books)vId like to get something to drink(可看成：to drink something)钧痴优呜始眺引经眩汰窘噬很追脱谴婆侈唉毖兔凹状安兜氛辨挺惠桓佬询非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v如果这这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。v如：I need a pen to write with(可看成：to write with the pen)v She now has nothing to worry about(可看成：to worry about nothing)恐帕资拿呕惦祝崇候危粕指压效达仪丁芜畦希陛作栖巷袁应敖铭燃缅噬恒非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解(2)现在分词和动名词作定语的区别v*现在分词和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。单个分词作定语放在被修饰的名词的前面，分词短语放在被修饰的名词的后面。v如：A fishing boy was seen sitting at the end of the boat.v (a fishing boy =a boy who was fishing)v The soldier riding a horse was my brother v(the soldier riding a horse =the soldier who was riding a horse) v*动名词用来说明用途，和被修饰的名词在逻辑上无主谓关系。动名词作定语只能放在被修饰的名词的前面。v如：There was only one fishing boat on the riverv (a fishing boat=a boat used for fishing)v The old man needs a walking stick when he goes outv (a walking stick=a stick used for walking)绦就逾店妆魁荒陇入骋舰俄胜久侮炊酿峭以继称岂芥析饭哨谰砚皆叙介按非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解(3)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语有时在时态上有区别：v*不定式作定语表示将来的动作。v如：The bridge to be built next month is the third bridge across the riverv*现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。v如：The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the riverv*过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。v如：The bridge built last year is the third bridge across the river舶率旋阀密六戮馒凰缎断汛绑稻退淳久喜痪创持甸音工丑企茄弊礁励羊激非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解即时巩固练习即时巩固练习v用所给动词的正确形式填空：v1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spyv2)A man_ (respect) others will be respectedv3)she can find no one _(make) friends withv4)Is there anybody _ (answer) the question ?v5)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners.being questionedbeing questionedrespectingrespectingto maketo maketo answerto answerinvitedinvited沫譬幕甥钧镭睛江瑟柜臃甜即遥颖镜供烘蒋撵关泡此富约荤商岛冷尉邻潮非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v6)She would be the best _(agree) the opinion v7)The matter _(discuss) is very importantv8)That is the way _(operate) the machinev9)She was then a professor _(love) by all her studentsv10)With much money _(spend)，the boy formed a bad habitto agreeto agreebeing discussedbeing discussedto operateto operatelovedlovedto spendto spend厘升荷废叉左窿实曼二朱莉彭补骇沮炕硼办莆耘赘荚馁然亨汗哇奸绿均哈非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解5)不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别：v*现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作在进行。v如：I saw him falling off his bike just at that moment v (看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。)v He found himself lying on the ground when he came to himselfv (他苏醒过来时正躺在地上。)v*不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的过程。v 如：I saw him fall off his bike and hurt his left leg谴净县型侨山台万子促于脐铸节砍扣穆滨带镁庙兜佯评瞩捡耐稽芍巾撼称非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v(看到他从自行车上掉下来，并且摔伤了腿。动作有先后，是全过程。)v They were made to work day and night v (他们被迫日夜干活，天天如此，不是某个时刻正在干活。)v*过去分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有被动关系。v 如：I heard my name called by someonev (我的名字被叫，my name和called是被动关系。)v I felt a great weight taken off my mind.v (重担被卸下来了，a great weight和taken off是被动关系。)久瓢骂高泪仓协琵继牲嗅将坯姆姜待叠扎卓惦藏鹤繁胁雇遏还粪吧梢键冀非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解即时巩固练习即时巩固练习v用所给动词的正确形式填空：v1)I meant to buy an evening paper, but I didnt see anyone _(sell) them.v2)I know that _(be) a fact.v3)Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn). He always work hard.v4)The patient was warned _(not eat) after the examine.v5)Just now I saw a man_ (walk) in the street, with a little girl _(seat) on his shouldersellingsellingto beto beto learnto learnnot to eatnot to eatwalkingwalkingseatedseated薄厦瘪围畴揣侣斋窿晌友搐钵阂青布丸凤渤猾蹈毋径幕傻抗刨囊渔见嵌虑非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v6)The lady loved to have her luggage _(weigh).v7 )Who did the teacher have _(clean) the blackboard just now?v8)Businesses are beginning _ (develop) new methods of reaching customers.v9)The thief was caught_ (steal) goods in the supermarket again v10)-What happened to Mr. White early this morning ?v -Oh，he was seen_ (knock) down and the driver_ (drive) awayweighedcleanto developstealingknockeddrove屁漓关做捡远黎月蠢绑斩唆卸照疼锚稽矮巍哲鲁剖菌焊暮利稚纠恳住缮光非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解6)不定式和现在分词作状语的区别： 不定式作状语表示：原因，结果，目的； 分词作状语表示：原因，结果，时间，伴随情况v(1)不定式和分词表示原因时的区别：v *不定式表示原因通常跟在某些表示感情的形容词后，用来说明产生这种感情的原因。v如：I was so excited to hear the news(不定式to hear the news表示激动的原因。) vWe were surprised to see such great changes in that villagev(不定式to see such great changes in that village表示惊讶的原因。)v *分词表示原因时，它相当于一个原因状语从句。v如：Being a monitor, she takes lead in everything v (Being a monitor=As she was a monitor)v Knowing some English, he offered to be an interviewer for us.v (Knowing some English= As he knew some English)皖解帆狈逃杰吻孙掐阅浑铜罐湛永坯下钟宇囱懂脾呼瓮餐蕾僵代吵卵朵矫非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v(2)不定式和分词表示结果时的区别：v *不定式表示结果，含有没有预料到的情况的意味。v如：I got up only to find it was raining outside (起来时没有料到在下雨。)v He was too excited to say a word (太激动了说不出话，是没有预料到的情况。)v*分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况。v如：His parents died，leaving him a lot of money(父母去世，钱留给儿子。这是自然的事。)vThe output of iron decreased by 23last year, reaching 80，000 tonsv (产量下降，到了80，000吨，这是必然结果。)吧移廉斟幽腐瑰伊油喝曾轻耿菱咀舅铣帮蹦蚌裴贴狱搪将赦馒哩寻渡谭揪非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解即时巩固练习即时巩固练习v用所给动词的正确形式填空：v1)-Why was the official meeting called?v-_(select) new officersv2)_(get) back my story, he refused the invitationv3) The beautiful girl tried to kill herself only _(save)v4)When_(face)with a strong enemy, they had always retreatedv5)_(wear)out after a long walk, Henry called and said he couldnt comeTo selectTo selectTo getTo getto be savedto be savedfacedfacedWornWorn辩荆亭夹谅臃篙瞎哗竟辙最枉最肛附计原柔苫檄供驳页爵第要灸蜗混鄙获非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v6)He was said to have refused a gift from her, _(know) that it meant a bribe.v7) The president expressed his satisfaction with the co-operation,_ (add) that he had enjoyed his stay here v8)The president promised to keep all the board members_ (inform) of how the negotiations were going onv9)_(allow)to develop his talent, he could become an excellent artistv10)_(invite)to go to camping, Paul ordered a new sleeping bagknowingaddinginformedHaving been allowedHaving been invited眷账挽仟棵犁矢膨肘彼费叼柔潭谤驻煮吃办匿丝秦辟水赚柄侩酿湿学趁呈非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解4使用非谓语动词的注意事项：v1)动词不定式可以和疑问代词或副词when，what, where, why, who, whom, which, how一起构v成不定式短语，但不说why to do (Why not do?，它表达一种建议，和此部分所说的to dov无关。)“疑问代词或副词+to do”的作用相当于一个名词性从句。v如：My teacher didnt tell me what to do next(=what I should do next)vHe said he knew how to do it(=how he should do it)vThis is the first time I have come to this dryI dont know which way to go (=which way I should go)蹲灶瓦寿篓马丽杏察目霖恋庇楷李姑雅胀激裸褂蛾稍逐绥头整勒滇喜灰奋非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解4使用非谓语动词的注意事项：v2)形式主语和形式宾语v*形式主语：当作主语的不定式或动名词短语过长，谓语部分太短，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放到后面，以保持句子的平衡。v如：It is easy to work out this problem vIt is my duty to help the people who are in trouble v*形式宾语：当作宾语的不定式或动名词短语过长，宾补部分太短，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，亦为保持句子的平衡。v如:I found it easy to answer this question vWe think it no good giving little children too much money棵详洱野房悟沼小渍辊预砂径吁质删涵皋婿帧候围败原伙蚕幢帕疼砾代风非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解3)不定式符号的省略不定式符号的省略v(1)两个不定式并列时，后一个常省去两个不定式并列时，后一个常省去to。 I told her to stay and wait for me to come back 但表示对比关系时，要带to。 He hasnt decided to stay at school or to go home.v(2)在下列句型中不定式符号在下列句型中不定式符号to常省去。常省去。 *Why not do? * would rather dothan do *Youd better do. *do nothing but do/have nothing to do but dov(3)简短回答中的不定式符号简短回答中的不定式符号to后的动词常省去，有后的动词常省去，有时时to亦省去亦省去。 -Would you like to have dinner with us ? -Id love to .血症掷梗届出赁俏怯赁场馏茁节够楞接沼曲永腻蝇有迪淳孺秤骑施必佰夕非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v(4)有些动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带有些动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。这些。这些动词是：动词是：see, watch, notice，look at，hear, listen to, feel，make，have, et等感官动词和使役动词。 这些动词如果用于被动语态，后面的不定式要带to。 His father made him write twenty more sentences He was made to write twenty more sentences by his father help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to。也可以不带to。 I often help( to )do housework at homev(5)被省略的不定式是作助动词用的被省略的不定式是作助动词用的have或或be时，要时，要保留这些助动词。保留这些助动词。 He is not what he used to be -Did he tell you to attend the meeting ? -No，I ought to have been磕契踏榆湿德纯巴桂镍枢褥转酉约锦诊拖辗惜例除砍屠持蒋答裤舞载镀搪非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v4)分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。 When heated, ice can be changed into water Though tired ,I went on with the work. While walking in the street, I saw a road accidentv5)分词表伴随情况，其动作和谓语动作须同时发生。分词表伴随情况，其动作和谓语动作须同时发生。 I had to stay in the hotel，waiting for the car to come They stood there, listening to the broadcast 但是如果是连续的有先后的几个动作，就不能用分词表伴随情况。 He finished his work quickly, then went to the kitchen and began to cook supper The boy fell off the tree and broke his left leg.胃篮切拧彩尼禽狸坑览植溪粒捅匠寓哄府咸沃绷赤笺传经岗酌镭陆颜蚊蓑非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v6)不定式、分词和动名词的时态和语态：不定式、分词和动名词的时态和语态：(1)不定式-to have done，to be done， to have been done 现在分词-having done, being done， having been done 过去分词只有一种形式-done .(2)在plan, hope, expect, would (should) like,mean等动词后的不定式的完成时表示没有实现的行为。 I hoped to have seen her(But I didnt see her) They expected to have found him in the cave(But they failed to find him) 怂软集珐确嗓鹤靛芥犬井阀求詹茫泳恕局癌协牲芋葡伯绵让溅空涸杆浮琴非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解7)不定式，现在分词和动名词的逻辑主语：不定式，现在分词和动名词的逻辑主语： (1)不定式的逻辑主语：不定式的逻辑主语：-forof sb +to do sth 如：Its impossible for him to move such a big stone The question is too hard for a little child to answerv*但表示性质的adj (good，nice, kind, rude, polite, impolite, clever, wise, stupid,silly, foolish, right, wrong)等而用介词of。 Its clever of him to do so Its polite of you to make room for the old man (2)动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语：-sbs +doing 如：Little Franzs being late again for the school made the teacher very angry.v *但动名词作宾语时逻辑主语可用普通格或人称代词的宾格，逻逻辑主语用普通格辑主语用普通格。 I suggested him (his) going there by taxi. Did you enjoy Zhou jielun singing at the concert?判硫凉昨橡稼倡襄攒谐旨彬架宋沙羞识淀桓拴到旬踌穆弄森盼臃谜旗茄贺非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v(3) 现在分词的逻辑主语：一分词的独立结构当现在分词的逻辑主语：一分词的独立结构当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语，称为分词前必须有自己的主语，称为分词的独立结构。分词的独立结构。v Weather permitting, well have a field trip tomorrow v Mother being in，I had to stay at home to look after herv*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。v如：Judging from the expression on his face, he had failed the driving test againv Generally speaking ,girls are more careful than boys .陛振蛀拎斟策卖涎悼钟漆床锦藉唆嫩狈词逸恐庶讽蓝县韦使奇绷蔫脓茹爪非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解8)注意以下几种情况不定式的用法注意以下几种情况不定式的用法v*在在the first, the second，the last和和only之后，只能用之后，只能用to do。 如：He was the last to leave the classroom v*如果如果understand，realize, know用在用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用后，只能用to do。 如：I began to understand the truthv*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用而用in order not to do或或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。 ()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning甘傻下饰张迂镁为电洲父步歌冤纯怔赚躯钦衅坎急沂掖灼镇涂腰坷阿林沮非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解9)非谓语动词的常用句型v*It takes+时间+to dov*spendwaste+时间，金钱+doingv*had better+ dov*would rather+ dothan dov*prefer+ to dodoingv*Its no usegood +doingv*Its a waste of time +doingv*be worth+ doingbe worthy of+ being done柳敲天闹罩唬泽陵糟斥卡膏悔枪脐猪秀网盐貌悦员表惭佣村锣姑跳倡垢鞍非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词的常用句型v*Its worth while + doingv* Would you mind + doing .?v* Would you like/care + to do .?v* . have no choice but + to do./., do nothing but + dov* . too.+ to dov* . need/want/require + doingv* . be used to + doing(习惯做)v* . have sb + do /have sb(sth) + doing have sth + done v* . happened + to do咎夯趁移绩兜翱阜巩邻汉等弃匣闻怜卸彩富检植芦刽西众牡世博今坍侵慎非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解即时巩固练习即时巩固练习 v用所给动词的正确形式填空：v1) The flu is believed_ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.v2) When first_ (introduce) the market, these products enjoyed great success.v3) Helen had to shout _ (make) herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music.v4) When _(compare) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.v5) You were silly not_ (lock) your car.to be causedto be causedintroducedintroducedto maketo makeheardheardcomparedcomparedto have lockedto have locked韧复笛丈个息钉赏痞究史蒋妹个磕诌捐谱瑞灸会恼哟羔稼瓢裔妹郸烷激憋非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v6) Victor apologized his_ (not be) able to inform me of the change in the plan.v7) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home,_ (exhaust).v8) The discovery of new evidence led to the thief_ (catch).v9) Generally_ (speak), When _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.v10) She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_ (play) in making the earth a better place_ (live).not beingnot beingexhaustedexhaustedbeing caughtbeing caughtspeakingtakento playto play骄竟缸潭胀呐壕末须填姥舟阮纪颐攒炕欧奠挣峙硫掐机爆缮婚凤芥赡环菊非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v11 ) Though_ (lack) money, his parents managed_ (send) him to university.v12) - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?v- The key_ (solve) the problem is _(meet) the demand _(make) by the customers.v13) With a lot of difficult problems_ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.v14) _ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late_ (clear) up the river.v15) Do let your mother_(know) all the truth. She appears_ (tell) everything.lackingto sendto solvingto meetmadeto settleHaving sufferedto clearknowto have been told斋逝楼忆塔饼完汉兑汝鸯线捍劣促掣枢乳祁垢惋麦市陕纤汝粮爱件锤壤签非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v16) Sandy could do nothing but_ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.v17) Mr. Reed made up his mind _(devote) all he had to_ (set) up some schools for poor children.v18) One learns a language by_ (make) mistakes and_ (correct) them.v19) Ive worked with children before, so I know what_ (expect) in my new job.v20) Tony was very unhappy for_ (not invite) to the party.admitto devotesettingmakingcorrectingto expectnot having been invited乞褒匣帧秧尧勃曹怕羚屯节炽优墩蠕濒会准舵遁俏员胃刷银馅雪牌缨恐鸦非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v21)_ (give) the general state of his health, it may take him a while_ (recover) from the operation.v22) There are five pairs of shoes_ (choose) from, but Im at a loss which_ (buy).v23) Cleaning women in big cities usually get_ (pay) by the hour.v24) What worried the child most was his_ (not allow) visit his mother in the hospitalv25 ) He claimed_ (treat) in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.Givento recoverto chooseto buypaidnot being allowedto have badly treated噪溅断汤宦猖谨伴譬瓦谆星释琳她善鼓烛蹲方突猫发衅桌市区篡主酷悲山非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解v26) _ (fetch) water before breakfast seemed to me a rule never_ (break).v27) While_ (shop), people sometimes cant help _(persuade) into buying something they dont really need.v28) She looks forward every spring to_ (walk) in the flower-lined garden.v29) Once your business becomes international, _(fly) constantly will part of your lifev30) The little time we have together we try_ (spend) wisely.To fetchto be brokenshoppingbeing persuadedwalkingflyingto spend伞狸洪胞衍嫂校愤夫集拥猛尔疵票蛊圃露摸食窃郡厅痪圣咒和比涅冉兽肋非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词语法讲解