俄罗斯标准化和认证制度俄罗斯标准化和认证制度介介 绍绍天马行空官方博客：天马行空官方博客：http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ;QQ:1318241189俄罗斯联邦标准化和计量俄罗斯联邦标准化和计量国家委员会国家委员会(Gosstandart of Russia)主要职能主要职能标标准化准化活活动动的的组织组织和和国家国家管理管理；测量一致性测量一致性的支持活动的的支持活动的组织组织和和国家控制；国家控制；产产品品认证认证和服和服务务认证认证的的国家国家政策的政策的制定制定和和实施；实施；对遵守对遵守强制性认证强制性认证的的国家国家标标准准和规则的强制性要和规则的强制性要求的求的国家国家控制控制和和监督监督；国家国家计计量控制和量控制和监监督；督；参加参加国际国际（区域）的标准化、计量和认证组织并（区域）的标准化、计量和认证组织并维护俄罗斯的利益；维护俄罗斯的利益；在俄罗斯达到加入在俄罗斯达到加入WTO技术性贸易壁垒协定技术性贸易壁垒协定和和WTO动植物检验检疫措施协定的条件的过动植物检验检疫措施协定的条件的过程中，起着程中，起着各部门协调的牵头作用各部门协调的牵头作用；确保俄罗斯在确保俄罗斯在独联体框架内独联体框架内的国家间标准化、的国家间标准化、计量和认证方面的计量和认证方面的主动作用主动作用；进行标准化、计量、认证和质量保证方面人员进行标准化、计量、认证和质量保证方面人员培训培训。组织结构组织结构CentralboardScientificandresearchinstitutesExperimentalplantsStandardspublishinghouseRegionalcentersEducationalinstitutionsotherorganizationsCENTRALBOARDScientific-TechnicalDepartmentDepartmentofStandardizationDepartmentofMetrologyDepartmentofAccreditationDepartmentofStateControlandSupervisionSCIENTIFICANDRESEARCHINSTITUTESVNIIKI标准化和质量的分类、术语标准化和质量的分类、术语和信息和信息VNIIStandart标准化标准化VNIIS认证认证标准化标准化标准化文件种类：标准化文件种类：stateStandardsinternational(regional)standards,rules,normsandrecommendationsonstandardizationappliedintheestablishedorderall-Russianclassifiersoftechnicalandeconomicinformationbranchstandardsstandardsofenterprisesstandardsofscientific,technical,engineeringsocietiesandofotherassociations国家标准：国家标准：跨行业的产品、作业和服务，其中，有关：跨行业的产品、作业和服务，其中，有关：安全安全环境环境健康和财产健康和财产技术和信息的兼容性技术和信息的兼容性控制和标识的统一方法等控制和标识的统一方法等是强制性的是强制性的国家标准由俄标委批准，其中，国家标准由俄标委批准，其中， 建筑类的由俄国家建设委员会批准建筑类的由俄国家建设委员会批准技术委员会（技术委员会（ TC ）TC组织和实施对于具体的产品、技术和活动的组织和实施对于具体的产品、技术和活动的标准化工作标准化工作俄标委和俄国家建设委员会俄标委和俄国家建设委员会制定国家标准化计划制定国家标准化计划国家标准化计划应基于：国家标准化计划应基于：俄标委和俄国家建设委员会确立的俄标委和俄国家建设委员会确立的国家标国家标 准化战略准化战略TC的长期工作计划的长期工作计划企业与国家机构的建议企业与国家机构的建议国家标准由俄标委批准，其中建筑类的国家标准由俄标委批准，其中建筑类的由俄国家建设委员会批准由俄国家建设委员会批准俄罗斯标准化体系俄罗斯标准化体系GOST R 1.0-92 俄联邦国家标准化体系俄联邦国家标准化体系 通用要求通用要求GOST R 1.9-92 国家标准制定程序国家标准制定程序GOST R 1.4-92 行业标准、企业标准、协会标准行业标准、企业标准、协会标准GOST R 1.5-01 标准的组成、表达、形状、内容标准的组成、表达、形状、内容GOST R 1.8-95 跨国标准的制定和应用程序跨国标准的制定和应用程序GOST R 1.9-95 对产品和服务关于符合国家标准对产品和服务关于符合国家标准 标志的标识要求标志的标识要求GOST R 1.10-95 关于标准化、计量、认证的规关于标准化、计量、认证的规 则与建议的制定、批准和注册程则与建议的制定、批准和注册程 序，及其信息序，及其信息GOSSTANDART OF RUSSIA DECREE 63 OF JUNE 27, 2003 ON THE NATIONAL STANDARDS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION从技术调节法生效之日起，承认在从技术调节法生效之日起，承认在2003.7.1.之前已在俄联之前已在俄联邦有效实施的现行国家标准和跨国标准为国家标准；邦有效实施的现行国家标准和跨国标准为国家标准； 在没有相应的技术法规实施前，可按志愿性方式执行现行在没有相应的技术法规实施前，可按志愿性方式执行现行国家标准和跨国标准，除非标准有强制性要求以实现法律国家标准和跨国标准，除非标准有强制性要求以实现法律对于技术法规的目的对于技术法规的目的在新的合适的标准化规则、规范和建议实施前，承认在新的合适的标准化规则、规范和建议实施前，承认GOST1.5-2001和和GOST1.5-92规定的规定的“GOST”和和“GOST R”符号仍为国家标准和跨国标准符号符号仍为国家标准和跨国标准符号标准检索标准检索GosstandartofRussia负责俄联邦国负责俄联邦国家认证机构家认证机构制定与国际规则相协调的认证规则制定与国际规则相协调的认证规则实施强制性认证、非强制性认证和合格实施强制性认证、非强制性认证和合格标志的国家注册标志的国家注册制定强制性认证产品清单及其提出作为制定强制性认证产品清单及其提出作为认证依据的标准文件认证依据的标准文件监督认证规则的执行和被认证产品，公监督认证规则的执行和被认证产品，公布认证结果布认证结果俄罗斯加入以下国际认证体系俄罗斯加入以下国际认证体系IEC的的CB schemeSystemofcertificationofpassengercars,trucks,busesandothertransportvehicles(UNEEC)Systemofcertificationofelectronicarticles(IEC) InternationalsystemofcertificationofmetrologyequipmentandinstrumentAgreementonmutualrecognitionoftestsofimportedaircraftandcertificationofelementsofairplanesUNInternationalNavigationOrganization(NavigationSafetyConvention) 经法律授权，经法律授权，俄标委和国家其他机构进行俄标委和国家其他机构进行强制性认证工作强制性认证工作俄罗斯有：俄罗斯有：14mandatorycertificationsystemsfixedbytheLawsoftheRussianFederation(“OnFireSafety”,“OnFireArms”,“OnSpaceActivity”,etc.);31mandatorycertificationsystemsofhomogenousproducts;65voluntarycertificationsystems.InaccordancewiththeeffectiveLawsoftheRussianFederation,GosstandartofRussiaorganizestheworksonmandatorycertificationofthegoodsandservicesintendedforpersonalhomeneeds,productionmeans,aswellasarmsandammunition.Forthesepurposes,GosstandartofRussiahasalsocreatedtheGOSTRcertificationsystem.TheAll-RussiaResearchandDevelopmentInstituteonCertification(VNIIS)是俄标委内是俄标委内负责有关产品认证、服务认证和质量认证的科负责有关产品认证、服务认证和质量认证的科学基础、方法基础和组织基础的机构。学基础、方法基础和组织基础的机构。俄标委俄标委GOSTR认证体系提供以下服务：认证体系提供以下服务：accreditationofcertificationbodiesandtestlaboratories(centers);keepingtheirregister;trainingofcertificationexperts;keepingtheirregister;registrationofthecertificatesandkeepingtheirregisters;keepingtheregisteroftheenterpriseshavingobtainedcertificatesonqualitysystemsandproduction;supportingthecreationoftheorganizational-methodologicalbaseofcertificationandtesting;developingthesystemsofcertificationofhomogenousproducts,servicesandworks.关于俄联邦认证的基本文件清单关于俄联邦认证的基本文件清单RulesofCertificationintheRussianFederation.RegulationsforcertificationofproductsintheRussianFederation,asamended,Amendment1.NomenclatureofproductsandservicessubjecttomandatorycertificationintheRussianFederation(1998).RegulationsforimporttotheterritoryoftheRussianFederationoftheproductssubjecttomandatorycertification.CommentsoncertificationofthegoodsimportedtoRussiaandsubjecttomandatorycertification.GOSTR40.001-95.RulesofcertificationofthequalitysystemsintheRussianFederation.StateStandardGOSTR40.101-95.Stateregistrationofsystemsofvoluntarycertificationandtheirconformitysigns.Rulesofuseoftheconformitysignsincaseofmandatorycertification.R50.3.001-96.Remunerationforthecertificationofproductsandservices.PR50.30.002-95.GeneralRegulationsforhandlingofthesamplesusedformandatorycertificationofproducts.Rulesoflicensingofthemandatorycertificationworksanduseoftheconformitysigns.GOSTR51000.1-95.Systemofaccreditationofthecertificationbodies,testingandmeasurementlaboratories.Generalrequirements.GOSTR51000.2-95.Generalrequirementstotheaccreditationbodies.GOSTR51000.3-96.Generalrequirementstothetestinglaboratories.GOSTR51000.5-96.Generalrequirementstotheproductsandservicescertificationbodies.GOSTR51000.6-96.Generalrequirementstotheaccreditationofthebodiesoncertificationofproductsandservices.GOSTR51000.9-97.Generalcreteriaforbodiesoncertificationofpersonnel.GOSTR认证体系的产品的志愿性标认证体系的产品的志愿性标识识1. 任务任务防止产品被假冒防止产品被假冒证明产品的制造商或进口商证明产品的制造商或进口商消费者获得产品认证和原产地信息消费者获得产品认证和原产地信息2. 适用于强制性认证产品适用于强制性认证产品3. 标识用统一、受保护标识用统一、受保护全息数字合格标志全息数字合格标志 （GOSTR50460-92(withAmendmentsNo1,2and3).）4. 合格标志合格标志5. 运作流程运作流程GOST R 认证体系认证体系 90年代初建立年代初建立GOST国家标准国家标准 RRussia目的：健康、安全目的：健康、安全The GOST R Certification System includesover10mandatoryandmorethan60voluntarycertificationprogramsforproducts,processes,services,andqualitymanagementsystems,andisadministeredbyRussiasStateCommitteeonStandardization,Metrology,andCertification(Gosstandart),anationalstandardizationorganizationwhoseresponsibilitiesinclude：GOSTRCertificationdevelopingcertificationprocedures,registeringmandatoryandvoluntarycertificationprogramsandtheirMarksofConformity,reviewingandupdatingindexesofproductsrequiringmandatorycertification,monitoringGOST-accreditedprograms,overseesandfacilitatesthedevelopmentofindustry-specificmandatoryandvoluntarycertificationprogramswhichareoperatedbyavarietyoffederalorganizationsandagenciesinvolvedinfireprevention,protectionofpublichealth,industrialsafety,environmentalprotection,etc.(AllauthoritativebodiesadministeringnationalcertificationprogramsarereferredtoastheNational Certification Bodies.)对对GOST R 认证比较陌生的原因：认证比较陌生的原因：notrecognizinginternationallyacceptedstandardsandcertificateshavingseriousinteragencycoordinationflaws“Manufacturersdeclarationofconformance”in1999Russiahasintroducedaconceptofthemanufacturersdeclarationofconformancethatprovidesmanufacturerswithalistofproductsthatcanbebroughtintothecountryunderthedeclarationprocedures.Adeclarationshouldberegisteredandwillhavethesamelegalforceasathirdpartycertificate.俄罗斯现有俄罗斯现有3,000家认可的认证机构和测试家认可的认证机构和测试实验室，认证是唯一收入。实验室，认证是唯一收入。Tosurvive,someofthemusedeceivingmarketingtechniquesbyofferingexcessivecertificationpackagesthatdonotrespondtoclientsobjectivesandbusinesspurposesforwhichanitemsubjectedtocertificationisimportedintoRussia. Thelistofunsolicitedservicescaninclude100 percent testing,on-sitesurveillance of the manufacturing processatthefacilitieslocatedoutsideRussia,certificationoftheanufacturersqualityassessmentsystem,etc. Incompletecertificationisanotherthreattotheimporter俄罗斯认证制度的不足之处：俄罗斯认证制度的不足之处：进口产品没有享有俄本地产品的便利和优惠待遇进口产品没有享有俄本地产品的便利和优惠待遇俄可能不承认国际上被承认的标准和认证俄可能不承认国际上被承认的标准和认证强制性认证产品的数量多强制性认证产品的数量多没有认证程序的选择余地没有认证程序的选择余地认证机构：认证机构：Certification bodiesandtesting laboratoriesaccreditedbyGosstandartand/orbyothergovernmentagenciesaccreditingfortheirowncertificationprograms.Anycertification bodyorlabcanreceiveaccreditationfromseveralcertificationprogram.somegovernmentagenciesusetheirownfacilitiesandresourcestoconductproducttestingandanalysisandissuetheircertificatesandpermitsdirectlyorthroughsubsidiaries. 俄罗斯海关俄罗斯海关:ACustomsofficerhasapowertorefuseentryforaproductwithinsufficientorimproperly-formattedcertificationdocumentationoraproductthatisimproperlypacked,labeled,ormarked.通关之后：通关之后：Productsaresubjectedtoclosescrutinybyanumberofgovernmentagenciesinvolvedinfiresafetyinspections,healthcontrol,industrialsafety,environmentalprotection,etc.Dependingonthebusinesspurposeofanimporteditem(importingformarketingpurposes;wholesaleorretaildistribution;installationandcommissioning;etc.),itmayrequiredifferentformsofcertificationdocuments(e.g.certificates,licenses,permits,approvals)thatmustbeobtainedfromdifferentauthoritativeagenciesthatoperateindustry-specificcertificationprograms.联邦注册联邦注册National Certification Bodiesmaintainlocalcertificationregistersspecifictotheircertificationprograms.accreditedcertification bodiesandtesting laboratories, certifiedproducts,certificatesissued,andMarksofConformitythathavebeengrantedintheprocessofcertification.GosstandartmaintainstheFederalRegisterofGOST R Certification System,acentralcertificationdatabase.怎样阅读认可证书的注册号码怎样阅读认可证书的注册号码GOSTRAA.BBBB.CCCCCCGOSTR=GOSTRCertificationSystemAA=Countrycode(e.g.RU=Russia;US=USA)BBBB=Codeoftheaccreditingbody(e.g.0001=Gosstandart;9001=Gosstroy)CCCCCC=Accreditationlicensenumber(e.g.11ME71)认证费用和时间认证费用和时间According to federal regulations, each certification body and laboratory establishes its own fee structure. The cost and time of certification depends on the type and complexity of work that has to be performed in the process of certification. The dollar amount of certification services and delivery time are usually provided for in the contract with the certification body or its agent. 行业认证行业认证Morethan10organizationsandagenciesofthefederalgovernmentoperatetheirownmandatoryandvoluntarycertificationprograms.Theseindustry-specificcertificationprogramsaredevelopedwiththeassistanceandapprovalfromGosstandartTheydiffergreatlyfromoneanotherinaccreditationcriteria,testing,sampling,certificationprocedures,andinspectionmethods.Mostprogramsarebasedonaconceptofthird-partycertificationanddonotofferamanufacturerthechoiceofcertificationmethodsandmaynotrecognizecertificatesacceptedworldwide.Asingleimporteditemisusuallyexposedtomorethanonemandatorycertificationprogramandcanbesubjectedtostrictexaminationprocedures,including: 100 percent testing Audit-testing Certificationofthemanufacturingprocess Expertassessment On-sitesurveillance of the manufacturing processatthefactoryconductedpriortocertificationandperiodicallyafterthecertificatehasbeenissued 农业农业Agriculture Accreditor: Ministry of Agriculture (Minselkhozprod)Program Manager: Veterinary DepartmentInquiry point:N/AIndustries Covered: agricultural produce建筑建筑ConstructionAccreditor: State Committee for Construction (Gosstroy)ProgramManager: Department of Standardization, TechnicalSpecifications, andCertification (Glavtekhnormirovanye)Inquirypoint:Federal Certification CenterIndustriesCovered: building products, materials, and equipment通信通信CommunicationsAccreditor: State Committee for Telecommunications (Goskomtelecom), formerly GoskomsvyazProgramManager: Certification DepartmentInquirypoint:Certification DepartmentIndustriesCovered: communications生活消费品、机械、仪表和工具生活消费品、机械、仪表和工具ConsumerGoods,Machinery,Instruments,andToolsAccreditor:StateCommitteeonStandardization,Metrology,andCertification(Gosstandart)ProgramManager:DepartmentofCertificationInquirypoint:All-RussianScientificandResearchInstituteforCertification(VNIIS)IndustriesCovered:metrologyandcalibration;consumergoods;machinery;tools;instruments;firearms;ammunition环境保护环境保护EnvironmentalProtectionAccreditor: State Committee for Environmental Protection(Goskomecologia)ProgramManager: N/AInquirypoint:N/AIndustriesCovered: environmental management and technologies; waste management防火安全防火安全FireSafetyFAccreditor: Federal Fire Prevention Service (Gospozhnadzor) of the Ministry of Interior (MVD)ProgramManager: Department of Licensing and CertificationInquirypoint:All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Fire PreventionIndustriesCovered: fire protection工业安全工业安全IndustrialSafetyAccreditor: State Inspection Agency for Mining and Industrial Safety (Gosgortechnadzor)ProgramManager: N/AInquirypoint:N/AIndustriesCovered: mining; geology; oil & gas; chemical and petrochemical; excavating; metallurgy; railroad transportation; warehousing大众健康大众健康PublicHealthAccreditor: Ministry of Public Health (Minzdrav)ProgramManager: State Sanitary and Epidemiological Inspection Agency (Gossanepidnadzor)Inquirypoint:Standardization and Certification CenterIndustriesCovered: processed food; consumer goods; farmaceutical products; chemicals铁路铁路RailroadsAccreditor: Ministry of Railroad Transportation (MPS)ProgramManager: Department of Aviation;Department of Naval NavigationInquirypoint:N/AIndustriesCovered: aviation; navigation空间空间SpaceExplorationandDevelopmentAccreditor: Russian Space Agency (RSA)ProgramManager: N/AInquirypoint:N/AIndustriesCovered: aeronautics; satellites; launch vehicles交通交通TransportationAccreditor: Ministry of Transportation (Mintrans)ProgramManager: Department of Aviation;Department of Naval NavigationInquirypoint:N/AIndustriesCovered: aviation; navigation认证步骤认证步骤第一步第一步确定认证目标确定认证目标 取决于战略目标和合同规定的责任，可以是单单俄海取决于战略目标和合同规定的责任，可以是单单俄海关合格证书直到涉及防火、保护大众健康、职业安全、关合格证书直到涉及防火、保护大众健康、职业安全、环境保护等一系列的政府机构颁布的证书、执照和许环境保护等一系列的政府机构颁布的证书、执照和许可证可证第二步第二步描述产品描述产品q为认证对象准备以下文件：为认证对象准备以下文件：国家和国家和/或国际证书的复印件或者认证信息（证或国际证书的复印件或者认证信息（证书编号、发证机构名称和发证日期）书编号、发证机构名称和发证日期）测试数据（如果可提供）测试数据（如果可提供）产品技术描述（技术数据表或规格，操作手册，产品技术描述（技术数据表或规格，操作手册，样本等）样本等）第三步第三步寻价寻价q申请方提供产品的技术文档后，认证服务机构申请方提供产品的技术文档后，认证服务机构将给出：将给出：该产品应获得的证书、执照和许可证信息，如果可能，该产品应获得的证书、执照和许可证信息，如果可能，还包括测试和检验信息还包括测试和检验信息认证费用认证费用时间架构时间架构q如果确认，则签订合同，按合同如果确认，则签订合同，按合同认证服务机构与有认证服务机构与有关认证机构、测试实验室、海关打交道，办理关认证机构、测试实验室、海关打交道，办理好一应证件，进行地方注册和联邦注册，并提好一应证件，进行地方注册和联邦注册，并提供标签和运输指引，以免在目的或储存港、以供标签和运输指引，以免在目的或储存港、以及运输工具处滞留。及运输工具处滞留。欢迎批评指正欢迎批评指正 谢谢！谢谢！深圳市标准技术研究院深圳市标准技术研究院WTO信息查询服务中心信息查询服务中心吴重农吴重农 高级工程师高级工程师Tel: 83997929 Fax: 83997920Email:wznmail.szbts.gov.cn