名字名字2021/3/111Global mental health 全球心理健康名字名字2021/3/112Good moring, ladies and gentelmen, dear classmates and teachers. Im Chenjiahui,Im Yuyiyi. We are very glad to stand here and provide a short speech about Global Mental Health2021/3/113The World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental health as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community世界卫生组织定义心理健康的状态中，每个人能够实现他或她自身的潜力，能够应付正常的生活压力，能够有成效地工作，并能够使他或她的对社会作出贡献。The World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental health as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community世界卫生组织（世界卫生组织（WHO）的定义心理健康）的定义心理健康“的状态的状态中，每个人的福祉实现他或她自己的潜力，可以中，每个人的福祉实现他或她自己的潜力，可以应付正常的生活压力，工作和成效，并能够使他应付正常的生活压力，工作和成效，并能够使他或她的社会贡献或她的社会贡献2024/8/3042021/3/11The term global mental health refers to the international perspective on different aspects of mental health. It has been defined as the area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving mental health and achieving equity in mental health for all people worldwide.Taking into account cultural differences and country-specific conditions, it deals with the epidemiology of mental disorders in different countries, their treatment options, mental health education, political and financial aspects, the structure of mental health care systems, human resources in mental health, and human rights issues among others“全球精神健康”是指国际视野下的不同方面的心理健康。它被定义为“将重点放在改善心理健康和促进全世界人类的心里健康状况的学习，研究以及实践活动”。考虑到文化差异和各国的具体情况，它涉及关于不同国家的心理疾病的病学研究，治疗方案，心理健康教育，政治及财务方面的研究，心理健康治疗系统的结构，人力资源方面的心理健康，以及人权问题等。2021/3/115The overall aim of the field of global mental health is to strengthen mental health all over the world by providing information about the mental health situation in all countries. Identifying mental health care needs in order to develop cost-effective interventions to meet those specific needs全球精神卫生领域的总体目标是加强世界各地提供在所有国家的心理健康状况的信息。明确精神卫生保健的需求，以开发具有成本效益的干预措施，从而满足这些心理健康的特定需求2021/3/11The global burden of disease全球疾病负担Point.2021/3/117Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders make a substantial contribution to the global burden of disease (GBD).This is a global measure of so-called disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) assigned to a certain disease/disorder, which is a sum of the years lived with disability and years of life lost due to this disease within the total population. Neuropsychiatric conditions account for 14% of the global burden of disease. Among non-communicable diseases, they account for 28% of the DALYs more than cardiovascular disease or cancer. However it is estimated that the real contribution of mental disorders to the global burden of disease is even higher, amongst others due to complex interactions and co-morbidity of physical and mental illness精神，神经，和物质使用障碍造成了全球疾病负担中重要的一环。这是一种全球性的测量关于所谓的“残疾调整生命年”，通常用于某种疾病或者紊乱情况，这是通过计算整体人口中带残年数以及因为这种疾病而失去的生命的年数。全球在担负疾病痛楚的情况中，精神疾病占了14%。在所有非传染性疾病中，精神疾病占了28%的DALY（残疾调整生命年），超过了心血管疾病以及癌症。然而，据估计，全球疾病负担的精神障碍的真正贡献甚至更高，其中包括由于复杂的相互作用和合作的身体和精神疾病的发病率2021/3/11Around the world, almost one million people die due to suicide every year, and it is the third leading cause of death among young people. The most important causes of disability due to health-related conditions worldwide include unipolar depression, alcoholism, schizophrenia, bipolar depression and dementia. In low- and middle-income countries, these conditions represent a total of 19.1% of all disability related to health conditions在世界各地，近一百万人每年因自杀而死亡，这是青年人死亡的第三大原因。世界各地的最重要的造成与健康有关残疾的原因包括单相抑郁症，酗酒，精神分裂症，双相抑郁症和老年痴呆症。在低收入和中等收入国家，这些情况代表总数的19.12021/3/11Treatment gap治疗缺口治疗缺口2021/3/1110It is estimated that one in four people in the world will be affected by mental or neurological disorders at some point in their lives.Although many effective interventions for the treatment of mental disorders are known, and awareness of the need for treatment of people with mental disorders has risen, the proportion of those who need mental health care but who do not receive it remains very high. This so-called treatment gap is estimated to reach about 76-85% for low- and middle-income countries, and even 35-50% for high-income countries.据估计，世界上的四分之一人在他们的生命中的一段时间会被精神或神经系统疾病所影响。虽然许多有效的干预措施对治疗精神障碍是需要治疗的意识。精神障碍的人已经上升，那些人需要精神卫生保健，但不接受治疗的比例仍然很高。在低收入和中等收入国家，这种所谓的“治疗缺口”预计将达到76-85左右，即使在高收入国家，缺口也达到了35-50。2021/3/1111In 2011, the World Health Organization estimated a shortage of 1.18 million mental health professionals, including 55,000 psychiatrists, 628,000 nurses in mental health settings. 493,000 psychosocial care providers needed to treat mental disorders in 144 low- and middle-income countries. The annual wage bill to remove this health workforce shortage was estimated at about US$ 4.4 billion.在2011年，世界卫生组织估计短缺118万精神卫生专业人员，包括55,000名精神科医生和628,000名护士。在144个低收入和中等收入国家，心理障碍的治疗需要493,000心理保健提供者。每年为了要弥补这样的健康劳动力缺口，大约需要支付年工资账单44亿美元。2021/3/11Interventions干预干预2021/3/1113Information and evidence about cost-effective interventions to provide better mental health care are available. Although most of the research (80%) has been carried out in high-income countries, there is also strong evidence from low- and middle-income countries that pharmacological and psychosocial interventions are effective ways to treat mental disorders, with the strongest evidence for depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and hazardous alcohol use.有信息和证据表明，有一些低成本的干预措施能够提供更好的心理疾病治疗。虽然大部分的研究（80）是在高收入国家进行的，也有强有力的证据来自低收入和中等收入国家，即药理和心理干预是有效的治疗精神疾病的方法，有最有力的证据能够证明其治疗抑郁症，精神分裂症，双相情感障碍和嗜酒等问题。2021/3/11Recommendations to strengthen mental health systems around the world have been first mentioned in the WHOs World Health Report 2001,which focused on mental health:世界各地的建议，以加强精神卫生系统已首次提到世界卫生组织“2001年世界卫生报告”，侧重于心理健康：1.Provide treatment in primary care 提供初级保健治疗2.Make psychotropic drugs available 请精神科药物3.Give care in the community 在社会上给予照顾4.Educate the public 公众教育5.Involve communities, families and consumers包含社区，家庭和消费者 6.Establish national policies, programs and legislation 建立国家政策，计划和立法7.Develop human resources 开发人力资源8.Link with other sectors 与其他部门联系9.Monitor community mental health 监控社区精神健康10.Support more research 支持更多的研究2021/3/11Based on the data of 12 countries, assessed by the WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS), according to the WHO recommendations have been taken into account. The costs of scaling up mental health services by providing a core treatment package for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, depressive episodes and hazardous alcohol use have been estimated. 基于12个国家的数据，由世界卫生组织评估精神卫生系统仪器（WHO-AIMS）进行的评估，根据世界卫生组织的建议，在精神卫生系统的结构变化已考虑在内。逐步提高的精神卫生服务，包括提供的整套核心治疗精神分裂症，双相情感障碍，抑郁发作及嗜酒，所使用的成本已经被估算出来。2021/3/11Nowadays, mental health problems of people have acquired worldwide attention for both the high-income and lower-medium income nations. Millions of people died, or are dying, because of a variety of mental diseases, such as suicide, in every year. More worth-noting that, suicide had become the third leading cause of deaths amongst the young people. However, causes of mental health problems often vary a lot based on individual conditions, and there are vast number of patients could not obtain suitable treatments. Such “treatment gap” had been estimated to reach higher level, and for different countries, there were diversified interventions provided for better mental health care, including:1.Provide treatment in primary care 提供初级保健治疗2.Make psychotropic drugs available 请精神科药物3.Give care in the community 在社会上给予照顾 Nevertheless, still, pharmacological and psychosocial interventions are two most effective means in treating mental disorders.our idea2021/3/1117http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_mental_healthhttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_mental_health原文地址2021/3/11182021/3/1119