重庆大学版重庆大学版重庆大学版重庆大学版 高一高一高一高一 (3) (3)Unit 3Unit 3GrammarGrammarSubject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreement Read the following sentences, paying special attention to the coloured parts.1. Joes new trousers are black and white.2. The family go shopping at weekends together.3. To eat well is all he asks.4. Physics is an important subject in the middle school.5. Playing tennis is very good exercise.6. There are many people on the street at weekends.7. What caused this accident is a mystery.8. The merchandise has arrived undamaged.9. The glasses are not enough for him to see that object in the distance.10. The family goes to the church every Sunday.SubjectVerbExamplesnoun ending in -s or -esplural formtrousers, glasses, shoes, goods, clothesnoun ending in-ics or -s_ formphysics, politics, mathematics, the United StatessingularSubjectVerbExamplesthe infinite the -ing form the clause_formtrousers, glasses, shoes, goods, clothesthe collective noun plural in meaning_ formpolice, peoplesingularpluralSubjectVerbExamplesthe uncountable collective noun_formmankind, humanity, furniture, merchandisethe countable/ uncountable collective nounplural/singular form (agree with the notion it expresses)family, class, crowd, audience, committee, government, publicsingular主谓一致的定义主谓一致的定义主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。汉语区别很大的地方。1. 一些以一些以 -ics结尾的学科名词如结尾的学科名词如 politics， mathematics, physics, mechanics, economics等等, 形式上是复数，实际上却为不可数名词，形式上是复数，实际上却为不可数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。它们作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。e.g. I dont think politics is easy to study. 我认为政治难学。我认为政治难学。2. 若主语是书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报名、若主语是书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词国名等，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。通常用单数形式。e.g. The United States is smaller than China. 美国比中国小。美国比中国小。 War and Peace is the longest book Ive read. 战争与和平是我读过的最长的书。战争与和平是我读过的最长的书。3. 表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。e.g. When and where to go for the holiday has not been decided yet.注意注意: 主语为主语为what 引导的主语从句时引导的主语从句时, 谓语谓语动词应与从句所指代的内容的单复念一致。动词应与从句所指代的内容的单复念一致。 e.g. What he says (他所说的他所说的) is not important. What I want(我所需要的我所需要的) are details.4. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀剪刀) 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有名词前有a (the) pair of 等量词修饰时等量词修饰时(clothes被被a suit of修饰修饰),谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。e.g. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床下面的那双鞋子是他的。床下面的那双鞋子是他的。 The two pairs of trousers are broken. 两条裤子都破了。两条裤子都破了。5. 有些集合名词如有些集合名词如 crowd, family, team, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们是作词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们是作为一个集体单位，谓语动词用单数形式，如为一个集体单位，谓语动词用单数形式，如果是就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语动词用果是就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语动词用复数形式。复数形式。e.g. My family was here two years ago. 两年前，我家就搬到这儿了。两年前，我家就搬到这儿了。 My family arent enjoying music. 我们家人都不喜欢音乐。我们家人都不喜欢音乐。 The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。足球队队员们在洗澡。【注意】【注意】有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可:e.g. The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。观众对演出甚感激动。 The public has (have) a right to know whats in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。6. 有些表示总称意义的名词，如有些表示总称意义的名词，如 people, police, militia(民兵民兵), cattle, poultry(家禽家禽), vermin(害虫害虫)等，形式上是单数，而意义上等，形式上是单数，而意义上是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。e.g. Cattle were allowed to graze on the village common. The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.7. 有些集合名词，如有些集合名词，如 mankind, humanity, merchandise, clothing, poetry, baggage / luggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, jewellery, equipment(设备设备)等，等，通常只通常只用用 作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主 语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式：语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式：e.g. Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。我们的衣服可以御寒。 All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。 All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。他们所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。这家具搬起来很方便。8. there be句型中，句型中，be动词的单复数取决于动词的单复数取决于 其后的主语。如果其后是由其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两连接的两 个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。e.g. There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。 There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。Choose the right word to complete each of the following sentences.1. Where _ (is, are) the shoes?2. At the bottom of the hill there _ ( is, are) a dangerous crossroads.3. The New York Times _ (is, are) published daily.areisis4. The United Nations _ (was, were) formed in San Francisco in 1945.5. Politics _ (are, is) the art or science of government.6. Playing cards _ (are, is) a favourite of young people.wasisis7. The family _ (is, are) a happy one.8. The class _ (is, are) taking notes, _ (its, their) pens scribbling quickly over _ (its, their) exercise books.isaretheirtheirRead the following sentences and correct the mistakes if any.1. The public were convinced of his innocence.2. The government has discussed the matter for a long time but there have been no signs of reaching an agreement.have discussed the3. The football team are being reorganized.4. Physics are the fundamental subject of science.5. The United States are a country of people with varied origins.6. One pair of shoes are not enough.isisis1. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours. A. has argued B. has been arguing C. have argued D. have been arguing2. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims. A. is B. was C. are D. has bee3. Zhang lins family _ rather big and his family_ fond of music. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are4. All that I need _ a large sum of money with which to buy my wife a diamond ring. A. are to be B. is C. are D. were1. 2010湖南湖南 Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. Ais Bare Chas Dhave2. Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read, of whose works, however, some _ difficult to understand. (四川四川 2010) A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are3. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. (湖南湖南2007) A. is B. are C. has been D. have been