虚拟语气虚拟语气The Subjunctive Mood英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气。语气，虚拟语气。一、一、 陈述语气陈述语气用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有肯定，否定，用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。疑问或感叹等形式。There are two sides to every question.They didnt watch fireworks yesterday evening.What can I do for you ?例如:Shall I turn on the radio?How disappointed Tom was !What lovely flowers those are!二、二、 祈使语气祈使语气 用来表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。动词要用原用来表示说话人的请求，命令或劝告等。动词要用原形，其否定式在动词前加形，其否定式在动词前加do not. Let me have a try.Dont be late again.Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English.Lets go and play basketball.三 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种与事实相反的假设，愿望，猜测或建议等等。与事实相反的假设，愿望，猜测或建议等等。三 虚拟语气 （一）在条件句中的用法（一）在条件句中的用法1 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反条件状语从句谓语条件状语从句谓语主句谓语主句谓语动词过去式动词过去式Should/would/ could /might+动词原形动词原形例如:If I had time now, we should read it again.If she knew about it, she would come.If he were here, everything would be all right.If I _you , I wouldnt return the call.A. be B. am B.C. was D. were Test yourselfD2 与过去事实相反条件状语从句谓语条件状语从句谓语主句谓语主句谓语had +过去分词过去分词should/would/could/might +have +过去分词过去分词例如:If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.If I had had the money last year, I would have bought a car.If they had known her address, they would have written to her.TEST YOURSELFEX1. If I _more time, I would have gone with you.A. had B. had had C. Have had D. would have EX2. If I had known that, I _ so .A.wouldnt do B. wouldnt have done B.C. Wont do D. have not done BB3 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反条件状语从句谓语条件状语从句谓语主句谓语主句谓语动词过去式动词过去式Should/would/could/might + V原形原形Should +V 原形原形were to +V原形原形例如:If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friends there.If she should come, I should ask her for help.If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus.1.If it_ tomorrow, what would we do?2.A. rains B. Were to rain 3.C. would rain D. rain 4.2. If it should rain, I _go there tomorrow.5.A. will B. Would not 6.C. wont D. Would not have Test BB补充1.Without (没有),but for(要不是), otherwise(否则),这些词可以表示某种假设情况,从而省略条件句.I was busy last week, otherwiseotherwise I wouldwould havehave comecome to see you.= I was busy last week, if I hadhad notnot beenbeen busy last week, I wouldwould havehave comecome to see you 1.Without electricity, human life_ quite different today.A.is B. Will be C. would have been D. would be If there were no electricity,2. But for the Party, he _of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would dieC. must die D. must have died If there hadnt been the Party, he.DA3. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _your birthday party.A.Attended B. have attended B.C. Would attend D. would have attendedIf I hadnt been busy, I D补充2.错综时间条件句主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同时发生,这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格形式进行,而需要按照各自的时间来调整,这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句.例如1:If you had followed the doctors advice (then), you would bewould be all right nownow.如果你那时听了医生的话如果你那时听了医生的话,你你现在现在现在现在就好了就好了.(主句与从句发生的时间不同主句与从句发生的时间不同,应按照主句与从句各自应按照主句与从句各自的时间做调整的时间做调整.)If you had followed the doctors advice, you wouldwould havehave beenbeen all right thenthen.如果你那时听了医生的话如果你那时听了医生的话,你你那时那时那时那时就好了就好了.(主句与从句发生的时间同时主句与从句发生的时间同时.)例如2:If you had watered them more ,the crops wouldwould bebe growinggrowing still better.如果你再给庄稼多浇些水,他们会长得更好.(指现在长得更好.)If you had watered them more, the crops wouldwould havehave growngrown still better.(表示对过去的虚拟)如果你早就给庄稼多浇些水,他们就会长得更好例如3如果到现在我还没有写完作文,我明天就还得写它.(从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与将来事实相反.)If I hadnthadnt finishedfinished my composition by now, I wouldwould bebe workingworking on it tomorrow.如果他昨天把功课都准备好的话,他现在就不会这么困难.If he hadhad preparedprepared well for his lessons yesterday, he wouldntwouldnt havehave so many difficulties nownow.1.If you were older (对现在进行虚拟对现在进行虚拟), I _ you to go there yesterday(对过去进行虚拟对过去进行虚拟).A.Will allow B.B. should allow C.C. Would have allowed D.D. had allowed C补充三:倒装形式表示虚拟条件句从句中有were ,had ,should或would等词语,可以将if省略,同时were ,had ,should或would提至句首,构成倒装.表示虚拟条件(1) If I shouldshould meetmeet her, I wouldwould telltell her.=shouldshould I meetmeet her, I would tell her.(万一)(2) If I werewere in your position, I wouldwould dodo it better.=werewere I in your position, I would do it better.(3).If they hadhad mademade preparations, they wouldwould havehave succeededsucceeded.= HadHad they made preparations, they would have succeeded.1._, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you C( 二二)在动词在动词wish后面的宾语从句中，后面的宾语从句中，表示不可能实现的愿望，其动词形式表示不可能实现的愿望，其动词形式有三种有三种1 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。I wish I had time to read.I wish I knew her address.2表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已经发生的一件表示与过去事实相反的愿望，或表示已经发生的一件遗憾事，谓语动词用遗憾事，谓语动词用“had +动词过去分词动词过去分词”。I wish I had studied very hard.He wishes he hadnt spent so much money.3表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿望，谓语动词表示将来难以实现的或很可能相反的愿望，谓语动词用用“would/could/might+would/could/might+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形”。I wish he would be more careful.I wish he would do the job better. She wishes I would go with her.1.I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night.A.was B. were C. Had been D. should be B.2. How I wish I _to repair the watch! I only made it worse.C.Had tried B. hadnt tried D.C. Have tried D. Didnt try E.3. I wish I _what to do .F.A. knew B. Have known G.C. know D. would knowCBA4. He wishes _mistakes.A.He doesnt always make B.B. he didnt always makeC.C. he wouldnt always make D.D. He wouldnt always making E.5. I wish _.F.A. he were B. he leaves me alone G.C. He be left D. he would leave me aloneCD(三三)虚拟语气在其他从句中用虚拟语气在其他从句中用法法1. 在在“It +be +某些形容词或过去分词某些形容词或过去分词+that”的句型的句型中，主语从句中的动词形式常用中，主语从句中的动词形式常用“(should)+动词原动词原形形”。常用的形容词有：常用的形容词有：necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange常用的过去分词通常是表示建议，常用的过去分词通常是表示建议， 要求，命令等要求，命令等suggested, required, requested, demanded, ordered, desired, advised,例如:It is natural that he should say so.It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once.例如It is really strange that the girl _ so early.A. has been married B. has marriedC. be marriedD. would marryC2.表示建议表示建议.要求要求.命令类的名词性从命令类的名词性从句句一坚持一坚持. insist 二命令二命令, order, command三建议三建议,advice, suggest, propose,四要求四要求demand, require, request, desire ，通，通常用常用“should+动词原形动词原形”。Should可以省略可以省略例如He suggested that we should visit the palace right away.She proposed that the meeting be put off.He ordered that they should start off immediately.I demanded that he should answer me at once.在表示建议，要求，命令等名词之在表示建议，要求，命令等名词之后的表语从句，同位语从句中，通后的表语从句，同位语从句中，通常用常用“should+动词原形动词原形”。这些名词有：这些名词有：idea, proposal, order suggestion, decision, adviceHis proposal is that the meeting (should) be put off.Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go.4.as if ,as thoughas if ,as though引导的从句可以用来表示猜测，假定，引导的从句可以用来表示猜测，假定，谓语动词在从句中用谓语动词在从句中用过去式过去式过去式过去式表示表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与现在事实相反，用用“had+had+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词”表示表示与过去事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反。He is running about as if he were amad man.They talked as though they had been friends for years.1.The two strangers talked as if they_ friends for years.A.Were B. Would be B.C. Have been D. had been D但是,需注意:如果引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符合,应该用陈述语气:It looks as if our team is going to win(场上情况表明有可能)It seems as if it is going to rain各种迹象表明天要下雨各种迹象表明天要下雨.一试身手1.It seems as if it _rain.A. will B. is going to C. is to D. were going to 2.you talk as if you _there.A. were really B. has really beenC. had really been D. would really beBC5.在在“Its (about, high) time + that从句从句”结构中，结构中，从句中谓语动词用从句中谓语动词用过去式过去式过去式过去式表示一种建议，意思是表示一种建议，意思是“该该做某事了做某事了”。也可以。也可以使用使用使用使用should+should+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形, ,shouldshould不可以省略不可以省略不可以省略不可以省略, ,不经常用不经常用不经常用不经常用You look so tired tonight. Its time you went to bed.Its high time you got up.It is time we started off.Its time that we should have supperIts time that we should have supper1.It is high time that we _ off A. Are B. were B.C. Be D. will be B6.if only句型句型“要是要是该多好啊！该多好啊！”谓语动词用法同谓语动词用法同wish,谓语动词用谓语动词用过去式，过去完成式过去式，过去完成式过去式，过去完成式过去式，过去完成式, ,或或或或would/could/might+would/could/might+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形表示虚拟语气。表示虚拟语气。If only I could see him now.If only I hadnt lost it.If only I _ how to operate a computer as you do.A.Had known B. would knowB.C. Should know D. knew D7.would ratherhad rather后跟从句，谓语动后跟从句，谓语动词通常用过去式表示与现在或者将来的虚拟，词通常用过去式表示与现在或者将来的虚拟，用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。I would rather you came tomorrowId rather you hadnt accepted their invitation yesterday. I would rather you had not done it.1.Id rather you _ right away.A.Leave B. Left B.C. Will leave D to leave B8.Lest ,in case ,for fear that 唯恐，以免唯恐，以免从句谓语动词使用从句谓语动词使用should +动词原形动词原形Be quiet in case you should wake the baby.9.本来应该做的事情而没有做本来应该做的事情而没有做Should(ought to ) have done 本来不应该做的事情而做了本来不应该做的事情而做了Shouldnt have doneOught not to have done You should have come here earlier.I ought not to have eaten so much chicken.