附录语法过关落实 (一)名词 一、名词的同义词辨析1常作为考点的名词同义词approach；method；way；meansarea；region；field；districtargument；quarrel；debateaward；reward；prizebackground；environment；surroundingbehaviour；action；actbenefit；profitcase；example；instance；samplecause；reason；excuseclimate；weathercondition；situationcontest；competition；match；raceconsequence；result custom；habit；practicediet；food direction；instructionenergy；strength；force；power；abilityevent；affair；business fault；mistake；errorglimpse；glance；look；sightlabour；work；job；taskmessage；news；information；wordopinion；idea；thought；mindpattern；design；style；modelpercent；percentage practice；training；exercisepurpose；aim；goal；target scene；scenery；sight；viewshade；shadow skill；abilityspirit；courage symbol；sign；markterm；condition；case touch；contact；connectionvalue；price；cost variety；speciesview；sight；vision voyage；trip；journeywage；salary；pay；income2名词同义词辨析题解题技巧从三个方面考虑：词义；搭配(与介词或动词搭配)；惯用法【例1】 Finding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet _. Aentrance Badmission Caccess Dentry解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词义。entrance“入口，门口，进入”；admission“允许进入，承认”；entry“进入，入口”。上述三个词一般指进入建筑物、社团、学校等地的权利。如：They were refused entrance to the exhibition.“他们被拒于展览会门外。”Entry to the museum is free.“这家博物馆免费进入参观。”She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.“她没有被自己选择的大学录取。”access“通道”，也可指接近或使用某东西的“权利，机会”。如：Students must have access to good resources.“学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。”根据题意“对于可以使用互联网的人来说，要查找这些大学已经变得非常容易。”可知答案为C。【例2】 Except on formal _ such as official reception, American society has a certain amount of informality. Aconditions Bcases Coccasions Dsituations解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的搭配。四个单词都可作“情况”解。condition常与介词in或under搭配使用，多用复数形式：in/under.conditions“在情况下，在条件下，在环境下”，但condition也可与介词on搭配，只能用单数形式：on condition that“只要，条件是”。case与介词in搭配：in that/this case“在那(这)种情况下，如果那(这)样的话”，in such cases“在这种情况下”，in case of“如果，万一”。occasion与介词on搭配：on that/this occasion“在那(这)种场合”，on special occasions“在特殊场合”。situation与介词in搭配：in adifficult situation“处境困难”,in unexpected situations“在意外情况下”。据此可知本题答案为C，题意是“除了在官方接待这样的正式场合，美国社会是较为随便的。”【例3】 “I dont think its my _ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, thats all，” said the boy. Aerror Bmistake Cfault Dduty解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚名词的惯用法。error, mistake和fault都可译为“错误”，但it is ones fault是惯用法。如：Its notmy fault./Whose fault is it that were late？根据题意“我认为电视机爆炸不是我的错，我只是打开了电视，仅此而已。”可知答案为C。二、名词与动词的搭配play jokes/tricks on开的玩笑；捉弄take advantage of利用put.into practice；turn.into reality实行；实施take trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦地做某事have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难make an effort to do sth.努力去做某事take pains to do sth.尽力去做某事spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事take no notice of；pay no attention to不注意；忽视keep/get in touch/contact with；have connection with与保持/取得/有联系keep/bear.in mind；learn.by heart记住；熟记put ones heart into.；put ones mind to.全身心地去做take.into account/consideration将考虑在内take action；take measures采取措施take/follow ones advice接受某人的建议make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事puzzle ones brain over sth.绞尽脑汁做某事take charge of对负责；掌管keep sb. company陪伴某人make a difference起作用；与众不同make no difference没有关系或影响；无关紧要have a narrow escape九死一生come into existence存在；成立find fault with sb.对某人吹毛求疵；找某人的岔子do sb. a favour帮助某人；帮某人的忙lend/give sb. a hand帮助某人have/form/develop the habit of doing sth.有/养成习惯make/leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象have an influence/impact/effect on/upon.对有影响give/offer sb. a lift让某人搭便车；载某人一程take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信leave sb. a message给某人留个口信bring/call.to mind使某人想起satisfy/meet/cover ones needs/demands/requirements满足某人的需求/要求/条件come to power执政；当权take pride in以为豪；为感到骄傲take possession of拥有keep a record of记录；记载take responsibility for对负责take a risk冒险make room for为腾出地方make sense有道理；是明智的；有意义三、名词作定语1名词作定语，通常表示中心词的用途、材料或特性。如：acoffee cup；telephone number；paper flowers；weather forecast；seat belt；income tax；identity card；stone bridge；heart trouble2名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，但个别词除外。如：a lothes shop服装店；a sports meet运动会；a sports car跑车；a woman doctor一个女医生；three women doctors三位女医生四、名词的数1下列名词是不可数名词：information；luggage；furniture；equipment；baggage；jewellery；machinery；clothing；fruit；luck；fun；health；wealth；weather；confidence；access；respect等。What fun we had on the seashore!Everybody has access to the public library.2下列名词通常作不可数名词用，但当指“具体的人、事”时是可数名词：surprise；pleasure；satisfaction；honour；failure；success；help；delight；shock；fright；comfort；concern；pride等。He is still in a state of shock.他还是很吃惊。The news of his death came as a shock to us all.他去世的消息令我们很震惊。3下列不可数名词可与不定冠词连用,特别是其前有形容词修饰时：interest；knowledge等。He has a wide knowledge of painting and music.4下列名词有时可用作可数名词：tea；coffee。Two teas and three coffees, please.5下列名词常用复数形式：congratulations；greetings；regards；wishes；tears；belongings；surroundings等。Congratulations on your exam results!6下列名词是复数名词：police；people；folk(s)；cattle等。The police are in search of the attempted murderer.7下列名词作可数名词和不可数名词时，意义不同：word (可数)“字；词；话语”：Have a word with Pat and see what she thinks.(不可数)“消息；信息”：She sent word that she would be late.exercise (可数)“练习；习题”：Our teacher gave us many exercises for us to do after school.(不可数)“锻炼；运动”：Swimming is good exercise.room (可数)“房间”：He lives in a large room, which is well furnished.(不可数)“空间”：This table takes up too much room.experience (可数)“经历”：Living in Africa was quite an experience for her.(不可数)“经验”：She has much teaching experience.work (可数)“作品；艺术品”：Many works of art were stolen from the museum last night.(不可数)“工作”：Its difficult to find work in the present economic climate.过 关 落 实1He and his wife are of the same _；they both want their son to go to college. Asoul Bspirit Cheart Dmind 解析：be of the same mind想法一样。 答案：D2One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _. Abills Bexpenses Cprices Dcharges 解析：living expenses生活费；bills指账单；charges意为收费。 答案：B3The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city. Alook Bsign Csight Dappearance 解析：sight景象，景观；look表情，面貌；sign标志，符号； appearance表象，外貌。 答案：C4You are always full of _.Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day. Apower Bstrength Cforce Denergy 解析：full of energy充满活力；power常指权力，电力；strength力气； force武力。 答案：D5Of the seven days in a week，Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries. Away Bsituation Cevent Dchoice 解析：“周六是婚礼的最佳选择”，用choice。 答案：D6My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast. Adrill Baction Cregulation Droutine 解析：routine表示常规或惯例。 答案：D7AIDS control and prevention is a _ to China as well as the whole world. Asurprise Bchallenge Creaction Dthreat 解析：be a challenge to.，对来说是个挑战。 答案：B8You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of _. Adate Bshape Corder Dbalance 解析：由句意可知out of shape指“变形”。 答案：B9If you like I can do some shopping for you. Thats a very kind _. Aoffer Bservice Cpoint Dsuggestion 解析：offer作名词时意为“提供、提议”。 答案：A10Finding information in todays world is easy.The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. Aability Bcompetition Cchallenge Dknowledge 解析：由句意“找出信息是容易的，但如何判断信息是否有用则是 个挑战”可知。 答案：C11Mickey bought an old car cheaply，cleaned it up and sold it the next week at a _. Abenefit Bbargain Cprofit Dprize 解析：at a profit (of) 意为“(以赚)而获利”。 答案：C12Although it is not our normal _ to give credit in our shop， this time I think we should consider the matter more closely. Ahabit Bintention Caction Dpractice 解析：由句意“尽管我们店里不常赊帐”，可知此处 practice指“惯例、习俗”。 答案：D13He can speak English，German，French and Japanese.He is nearly a man with a _ for languages. Agift Bpresent Creward Dwealth 解析：gift 此处意为“天赋、禀赋”。 答案：A14He was _ as a designer，which was _ to us all. Aa success；a surprise Bsuccess；surprise Ca success；surprise Dsuccess；a surprise 解析：success，surprise均为抽象名词，但当其指“成功(令人惊 讶)的人或事”时，则已具体化，为可数名词。 答案：A15They waved with their hands and hats a last _ to their friends. Acongratulation Blook Cfarewell Dleave 解析：farewell 同goodbye，表“辞别、告别”。 答案：C