初中被动语态的奥秘初中被动语态的奥秘 中考必考的重点语法中考必考的重点语法语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态被动语态)语态语态我每天吃苹果我每天吃苹果.I eat apples every day.Apples are eaten by me every day.苹果每天被我吃苹果每天被我吃.他杀鸡他杀鸡He kills chicken.Chicken is killed by him .鸡被他杀了鸡被他杀了 Beast catches the princess . 怪兽抓了公主怪兽抓了公主 The princess is caught by beast. 公主被怪兽抓走了。公主被怪兽抓走了。人们读名著人们读名著 People read great booksGreat books are read by people名著被人们读名著被人们读They plant flowers.他们种花。他们种花。花被他们种。花被他们种。Flowers are planted by them He plays basketball.他打篮球。他打篮球。篮球被他打篮球被他打。Basketball is played by him.1.把主动语态的把主动语态的宾语宾语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的主语主语。2.把主动语态的把主动语态的谓语谓语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的谓语谓语。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（短语。（ by短语可以省。短语可以省。 by短语短语 后跟代词的宾格。）后跟代词的宾格。）口诀：主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变口诀：主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变be+done.by the teacher.The teacher often asks him questions.Heis asked questions（The Passive Voice) 一般现在时被动语态的构成：一般现在时被动语态的构成： 主语主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分及物动词的过去分词词 动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）：动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）：1、一般在动词原形末尾加、一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，looked played2、结尾是、结尾是e的动词加的动词加-d ， lived used3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写双写 这个辅音字母这个辅音字母，再加，再加-ed， planned tripped4、结尾是、结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母+y”的动词，先变的动词，先变“y”为为“i” ， 再再 加加-ed ， study-studied， carry-carried1、speak spoke spoken 2、use used used3、make made made 4、write wrote written5、grow grew grown 6、plant planted planted7、produce produced produced 8、ask asked asked9、plan planned planned 10、send sent sent11 、 build built built 12、invite invited invited不规则动词的过去分词要牢记请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：sing-sang-sungbuild-built-built把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、They speak English in Canada .(English.)2、People use wood for making tables. （wood.）3、The make computers in the USA.（Computers）4、They grow rice in South China.（Rice）English is spoken in Canada.Wood is used for making tables.Computer are made in the USA.Rice is grown in South China.中考链接1. The Olympic Games every four years. （17年新课标版，年新课标版，32）A are heldBwere heldCare holdingDwill hold2. Today Chinese _ by more and more people around the world. （17年北京真题，年北京真题，35）A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. speak例如：苹果每天被我吃。例如：苹果每天被我吃。昨天苹果被我吃了。昨天苹果被我吃了。苹果正在被我吃。苹果正在被我吃。昨天九点苹果正在被我吃。昨天九点苹果正在被我吃。明天这个苹果将要被我吃。明天这个苹果将要被我吃。这个苹果应该被我吃。这个苹果应该被我吃。.被动语态的被动语态的时态：时态：被动语态的被动语态的时态时态是由是由be的时态决定的，的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。动词后面的过去分词不变。表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been done此外，情态动词也有被动语态：此外，情态动词也有被动语态：结构为：结构为：情态动词情态动词+ be + done1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.2.A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）（同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. can be spoken1. They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many trees were plantedTen computerswere boughtThey built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词过去分词1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The work will be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.5.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构现在进行时的被动语态的结构is / am / are + being 过去分词过去分词1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The rooms are being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.6.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构have / has been 过去分词过去分词1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keys have been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositions have been finished by us.填空（完成被动语态填空）填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态）（改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）（同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week . iscleanedwas given byPractice3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）（同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上）（同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上）（同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month. can be spokenhas been learnedwill be published6. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题）济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题）青岛市中考题）8. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm（上（上海市中考题）海市中考题）They sent upwere planted are grown中考题中考题1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. 1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place C. have taken place D. were taken place3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. 3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. 4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die被动语态专项练习：选择填空被动语态专项练习：选择填空18. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you 18. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you go in and see it ? go in and see it ? A. is being shown B. is showing A. is being shown B. is showing C. is shown D. shows C. is shown D. shows19. Can you tell _ ? 19. Can you tell _ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happened A. when did it happen B. when was it happened C. when it happened D. when it was happened C. when it happened D. when it was happened 20. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ? 20. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ? Tell me the truth , please. Tell me the truth , please. A. Has finished A. Has finished B. Has being finished B. Has being finished C. Is finish C. Is finish D. Has been finished D. Has been finished肯定句肯定句：主语：主语be + 过去分词过去分词(by )否定句否定句：主语：主语be not 过去分词过去分词(by )一般疑问句一般疑问句：Be 主语过去分词主语过去分词(by )? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句： 疑问词疑问词be主语过去分词主语过去分词 (by ) 被动语态的几种句型被动语态的几种句型by many students.English is studiedby many students.English is not studied 1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_ _ _ well. (照顾)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in UK in 2012.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held完成下列句子：完成下列句子： 把下列句子变成被动语态把下列句子变成被动语态:1)A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by twoPractice4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year如：如：如：如：1.He gave 1.He gave meme a book. a book. I I was given a book by him. was given a book by him. （以（以（以（以I I做主语）做主语）做主语）做主语） A bookA book was given to me by Tom. was given to me by Tom. （以物（以物（以物（以物bookbook作主语）作主语）作主语）作主语） 2.He teaches 2.He teaches usus EnglishEnglish. . WeWe are taught English by him. are taught English by him. （以人当主语）（以人当主语）（以人当主语）（以人当主语） EnglishEnglish is taught to us by him. is taught to us by him. （以物作主语）（以物作主语）（以物作主语）（以物作主语）被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型1. 1.带双宾语句子的被动语态带双宾语句子的被动语态. .（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，（指物的宾语叫直接宾语， 指人的宾语叫间接宾语）指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有: : to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get, for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以以以以“ “人人人人” ”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以以以以“ “物物物物” ”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加toto或或或或for.for.keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补 Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building. 2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词动词的介词或副词.They take good care of my child. My child is taken good care of .I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by me) 3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加形式，不需再加by be covered with 用用覆盖着覆盖着 be interested in 对对感兴趣感兴趣 be surprised at 对对感到惊奇感到惊奇 be made of （from）用）用制造的制造的动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态 take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after即即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被，但变被动句时必须加动句时必须加to. 1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.He was seen to play basketball last Sunday.2.We heard them sing in the classroom.They was heard to sing in the classroom.4.4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。时，不能改为被动语态。 We often help each other. 我们常常互相帮助。我们常常互相帮助。 （2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belong to ） 如：如： I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。我喜欢这些花。 I will have a meeting. 不说不说A meeting will be had. 应说应说A meeting will be held . 5.5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况不能用于被动语态的几种情况四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989