宾语从句宾语从句敦煌三中敦煌三中 刘宏歧刘宏歧1.什么是宾语从句？什么是宾语从句？2.宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的连接词3.宾语从句的语序和时态宾语从句的语序和时态4.宾语从句与简单句的转换宾语从句与简单句的转换the Object Clause 宾语从句宾语从句主句主句I think that you are excited.连接词连接词宾语从句宾语从句由一个从句在句子中作宾语，这个句子由一个从句在句子中作宾语，这个句子就叫宾语从句。在句子中充当及物动词就叫宾语从句。在句子中充当及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语、形容词的宾语的宾语、介词的宾语、形容词的宾语Forexample:1.Iknow(that)sheliveshere.2.Fatheristhinkingofhowwecangettothestation?3.Iamsorry(that)Iamlateforclass. 宾语从句三要素：宾语从句三要素：连接词连接词Conjunctions语序语序Word order时态时态 Tense宾语从句的三种类型宾语从句的三种类型1.由由that引导；引导；2.由连接代词由连接代词who,what,which,whose和连和连接副词接副词when,where,why,how等等引导；引导；3.由由if或或whether引导。引导。Weallsay(that)LaoWangisagoodfriend.Weallsay.LaoWangisagoodfriend.Imsure.Youhaveseenthatbookbefore.Imsure(that)youhaveseenthatbookbefore.注意情况之一注意情况之一连接词的选择连接词的选择：1.由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词that等等引导，并引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词：且在口语中常常省略此词：2.当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时，当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时，须用连词须用连词if或者或者whether引导，意思为引导，意思为“是否是否”，表示选择。，表示选择。Forexample:1.Couldyoutellus?Willhereadycomehere?Couldyoutellusif(whether)hewillreallycomehere?2.IstheSummerPalaceopennow?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellmeif(whether)theSummerPalaceisopennow.注意：注意：whether或或if两词可以互用。但是两词可以互用。但是whether可以和可以和ornot连用，而连用，而if不能。不能。3.当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变来时，则用连接当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变来时，则用连接代词代词who,whose,what,which和连接副词和连接副词when,where,why,how等等引导。它们均是充当一定成引导。它们均是充当一定成分，一般不可省略。分，一般不可省略。Forexample:Couldyoutellme?Whereisthepostoffice?Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?注意：连接词与其后名词构成短语时则不可拆注意：连接词与其后名词构成短语时则不可拆开使用。开使用。whattime,whichroom,howmanypeople.等。等。IdontknowwhichbusIshouldtake.Doyouknowwhattimeitis?注意情况之二注意情况之二语序语序：若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是does或或did时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。助动词放在主语的后面。IaskedTom,“Whatdoyoulikebest?”IaskedTomwhathelikedbest.Theteacheraskedme:“Haveyoureadthebook?”TheteacheraskedmeifIhavereadthebook.Heasked,“Whocancarrythebox?”Heaskedwhocouldcarrythebox.注意情况之三注意情况之三时态的变化时态的变化1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可以当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。Ihear(that)TomhasbeentoGuilintwice.Ihear(that)shewillcometomorrow.Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.Ihear(that)heisinterestedinEnglish.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。Hesaid(that)hewouldgotoXian.Hesaid(that)hewasillyesterday.Hesaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Hesaid(that)hehadhadsupperalready.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。般现在时态。Hesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.Theteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeast.Theteachertolduslighttravelsfasterthansound.注意情况之四注意情况之四标点符号：标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?Pleasetellmewhatcoloryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?注意情况之五注意情况之五宾语从句的否定形式宾语从句的否定形式：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是think,expect,believe,guess,imagine,suppose等表示等表示“认为，猜想认为，猜想”的心里活动的词时，一般要把宾的心里活动的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中，即否定转移。语从句中的否定式转移到主句中，即否定转移。Idontthinkitsgoingtorain.Idontbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.连接连接代词代词who,whose,what,which和连接副词和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导的表语从句可等引导的表语从句可以变为连接代词或连接副词加动词不定式的以变为连接代词或连接副词加动词不定式的形式。形式。CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation.Couldyoutellmehowtogotothestation.IdontknowwhichoneIshouldchoose.Idontknowwhichonetochoose.注意情况之六注意情况之六注意情况之七注意情况之七宾语从句中的特殊情形宾语从句中的特殊情形：在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意1)句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从从句改写，而应该用句改写，而应该用“ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.”的句式。的句式。Dontopenthedoor.Theteachersaidtome.Theteacheraskedmenottoopenthedoor.2)代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。Lucysays,“IcomefromCanada”.LucysaysthatshecomesfromCanada.1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou_abouttherelayracenow.(talk)9.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be) willbe goes wereplaying hasreturned hadbeentravels aretalking were weredoing10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do) wrote moves hastaken hasbeenrisesdid1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework.7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.8.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?9.“Whyisthetrainlate?”Wouldyoutellme?10.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?TheyaskedwhereTomwas.专项练习专项练习1.Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater?AMumisneeded B.doesMumneedCMumneedsD.didMumneed2.Canyoutellme?A.whereheisB.whereisheC.heiswhereD.whatishe3.IdidntknowhowtoLondon?A.wouldtheygoB.aretheygoingC.theywouldgoD.theyaregoing4.IwanttoknowhowlongAhashebeenbackBhashecomebackChehasbeenbackDhehascomeback5.Doyouknow?AwhatthenewsareBwhatisthenewsCwhatthenewsisDwhatarethenews 6._istruethatshemayfallbehindtheothers.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It7.Theforeignfriendsthink_theChinesepeopleareveryfriendly.A.thatB.ifC.sinceD.because8.Idliketoknow_Chinese.A.whenhebegantolearnB.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearningD.forhowlonghebegantolearn9.Theteacheraskedus_theclassroomafterschool.A.cleanedB.cleanC.tocleanD.cleans10.Hetoldme_footballinstreets.A.didntplayB.notplayC.nottoplayD.dontplay汉译英汉译英1.我认为玛丽不回来了。IdontthinkMary_.2.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。Iwanttoknow_thereisatraintoBeijing.3.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Unclesaidthathe_anewnovel.4.杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhe_somethingimportanttodo.