Revision of The passive Infinitive不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 不不定定式式有有时时态态和和语语态态的的变变化化，时时态态共共四四种种，即即一一般般式式、完完成成式式、进进行行式式和和完完成成进进行行式式。语语态态分分为为主主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。语态 时态主主动语态被被动语态一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been done进行式行式 to be doing/完成完成进行式行式 to have been doing/ 当当动动词词不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是动动词词不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作的的执执行行者者时时用用主主动动语语态态；当当动动词词不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是动动词词不不定定式式所所表表达达的的动动作作的的承承受受者者时时用用被被动动语语态态。进进行行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。式和完成进行式没有被动语态。 一、一、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法1作主语：作主语：Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2作宾语：作宾语：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.一一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。要采用被动形式。3构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidntlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语：Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5作定语：作定语：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachersoffice?6作状语：作状语：She was too young to be assignedsuchwork.二二、不不定定式式有有时时还还可可以以有有完完成成式式的的被被动动式式，在在句句中中作作主主语语、宾宾语语、定定语语，或或者者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.（主语）主语）Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语宾语)）He thought it an honour to have beeninvitedtotheparty.（复合宾语）复合宾语）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.（复合谓语）（复合谓语）Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.（定语）定语）三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1在在therebe结构中。结构中。例如：例如：Thereisalotofhomeworktodo(也可用也可用tobedone)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动2在在“npron+be+adj+todo”结构中。结构中。常用的形容词有常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。等。例如：例如：Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith3.在在“tootodo;enoughto”结结构中。构中。如：如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4在在“with+n+todo”结构中。结构中。例如：例如：Withnothingtodo，helayinbedWithsomanyexercisestodo，Icantgotothecinema5当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。例如：例如：Ihavealettertotypetoday(I是是totype的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是是tosay的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)6当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中结构中时。时。例如：例如：Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forusyoutoread)Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse7一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有常见的这类动词有let(出租出租)，rent，hire，blame等。等。例如：例如：ThehouseistoletIfeltlwastoblame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。用主动语态形式来表示。 Ihavethreemotors to repair today.Thetaskisdifficultto finish on time.1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenExercise B2.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only_thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldB3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears_everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldD4.LittleTomshouldlove_tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingA5.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto_manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto_plasticsproducts.A.make;usingB.making;usingC.making;useD.make;useA6.Withalotofproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledC7.He_andwasmadetorepeatit.A.didntunderstandB.didntbeunderstoodC.wasntunderstandD.wasntunderstoodD8.Thepupilshere_allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoingD9.Visitors_nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequestedD10.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea_withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedB1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier_itmoredifficult.(MET99)2.A.notmakeB.nottomake3.C.notmakingD.donotmake 不定式与高考题不定式与高考题2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.ExpectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.seenC.seeingD.tobeseen4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch5._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考)A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep6.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled7.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying8.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying_theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade