中考中考英语英语书面表达书面表达写作技巧指导写作技巧指导 王佳娜王佳娜一、江西中考英语作文命题特点一、江西中考英语作文命题特点 近年来江西省中考的书面表近年来江西省中考的书面表达都属于指导性或半开放性写作。作达都属于指导性或半开放性写作。作文试题涉及的都是我们所熟悉的话题文试题涉及的都是我们所熟悉的话题和常见的文体。试题中会出现必要的和常见的文体。试题中会出现必要的写作要求说明并简单地提示写作的目写作要求说明并简单地提示写作的目的、对象、时间、地点、内容和相关的、对象、时间、地点、内容和相关的情景。情景可能以表格、图片或文的情景。情景可能以表格、图片或文字（中文或英文）提纲的形式出现，字（中文或英文）提纲的形式出现，并留有一定的自由发挥的空间。并留有一定的自由发挥的空间。 中考作文所涉及的话题都在我们初中考作文所涉及的话题都在我们初中学过的中学过的22个话题之内，有的考题综合了个话题之内，有的考题综合了几个话题。几个话题。2011年中考题是一篇说明文，年中考题是一篇说明文，内容是向笔友介绍城市生活和农村生活的内容是向笔友介绍城市生活和农村生活的相同点和不同点，然后说说自己喜欢哪种相同点和不同点，然后说说自己喜欢哪种生活，并说明理由，以便让笔友选择度假生活，并说明理由，以便让笔友选择度假地点。它涉及了自然环境、交通、娱乐等地点。它涉及了自然环境、交通、娱乐等话题。话题。2012年的题目是根据所提供的信息年的题目是根据所提供的信息写一篇介绍自己的购物习惯与爱好的短文。写一篇介绍自己的购物习惯与爱好的短文。2013年中考题是介绍自己的母亲及与母亲年中考题是介绍自己的母亲及与母亲之间的真情故事，属于一篇写人记事的记之间的真情故事，属于一篇写人记事的记叙文。叙文。2014年作文为“阅读使人明智，阅读使人充实。某英文报为了了解中学生课外阅读情况，向广大中学生做调查，请根据下面图表信息写一篇短文，介绍课外阅读的益处、你的课外阅读情况及你的阅读计划。ReadingOutsideClass,Asweallknow,readinghasalotofbenefit.Itcanopenupoureyesbecausebooksarefullofknowledge,anditmakesuswiserandricherinlife.Ilikereadingnewspapersandmagazines,fromwhichIgetlotsoffunandlearnaboutwhatsgoingonaroundtheworld.Ialsoreadstorybooksandnovelsinmysparetimewhichmakemerelaxedandhappy.Iseldomreade-booksbecausetheyrebadforeyes.Onweekends,Iusuallyspendawholeafternoonreadinginthelibrary.AndIalsoreadforabouthalfanhourbeforegoingtobedeverynight.Summeriscoming.Iplantodomorereading.IamgoingtoreadmoreclassicsandmoreEnglishbookstoimprovemylanguageskills.Imsurereadingcanmakeadifferencetomylife.2015英文有句谚语East,west,homesbest.某英文报以此为标题，向广大中学生征文。请根据下面图表信息写一篇短文，介绍你家的情况。内容包括：你家的居室及居住环境、家庭成员及家庭成员之间的关系，并谈谈如何让你的家更美好。Thereisanoldsaying,“East,west,homesbest.”Iliveinanapartment.Initthereisasittingroom,adiningroom,twobedrooms,awashroom,akitchenandastudy.Thankstomymother,myhomeisalwayscleanandtidy.Theflowersinthesittingroomlooklovely.Myapartmentisnotbig,becausethereareonlythreepeopleinmyfamily,myfather,mymotherandI.Sometimesmyparentsargue,butusuallytheygetonverywell.TheylovemeandIlovethem,too.Everyoneneedsagoodhome.Illdomybesttomakemyhomebetter.Ononehand,Illstudyhardertomakemyparentshappier.Ontheotherhand,IlldowhatIcantoimproveourlivingenvironment.2016书包伴我学习，伴我成长，某英文报以Myschoolbag为题，举办中学生征文活动。请根据下列的图表信息，写一篇短文。内容包括：书包的外形特征、用途和书包背后的课业问题以及课余你期望做的事情。第一档（第一档（13-15分）分）信息完整，表达流畅，无语言错误或基本无语言错误。信息完整，表达流畅，无语言错误或基本无语言错误。第二档（第二档（10-12分）分）信息基本完整，表达较流畅，有少量语言错误，但不影响意思表信息基本完整，表达较流畅，有少量语言错误，但不影响意思表达。达。第三档（第三档（7-9分）分）能传达部分信息，表达不够流畅，语言错误较多，但句子基本可读。能传达部分信息，表达不够流畅，语言错误较多，但句子基本可读。 第四档（第四档（4-6分）分）只能传达少量信息，表达不流畅，语言错误多，只有少量句子可读。只能传达少量信息，表达不流畅，语言错误多，只有少量句子可读。 第五档（第五档（1-3分）分）只能传达个别信息，表达不清楚，只有个别句子可读。只能传达个别信息，表达不清楚，只有个别句子可读。 二、江西中考英语作文评分标准二、江西中考英语作文评分标准三、书面表达写作技巧审列加连美认真认真审题审题，找出文，找出文章要表达的中心。章要表达的中心。写作第一步 审 假设你班上周就假设你班上周就“Is it OK to tell white Is it OK to tell white lies?lies?开展了一场讨论，请你根据下表所提示开展了一场讨论，请你根据下表所提示的信息用英语写一篇短文，简单介绍讨论的的信息用英语写一篇短文，简单介绍讨论的情况，并谈谈你自己的观点。情况，并谈谈你自己的观点。陈述方述方主要主要观点点赞成者成者1. 善意的善意的谎言是出于好意，言是出于好意，说了不了不为过2. 善意的善意的谎言可以帮助人言可以帮助人们友好相友好相处3. 善意的善意的谎言有言有时候能使人增候能使人增强自信自信反反对者者1.善意的善意的谎言也是言也是谎言言2. 谎言会言会伤害友情害友情3. 谎言言终究不能持久究不能持久你的你的观点点 。（至少两点）（至少两点） 假设你班上周就假设你班上周就“Is it OK to tell white Is it OK to tell white lies?lies?开展了一场讨论，请你根据下表所提示开展了一场讨论，请你根据下表所提示的信息用英语写一篇短文，简单介绍讨论的的信息用英语写一篇短文，简单介绍讨论的情况，并谈谈你自己的观点。情况，并谈谈你自己的观点。陈述方述方主要主要观点点赞成者成者1. 善意的善意的谎言是出于好意，言是出于好意，说了不了不为过2. 善意的善意的谎言可以帮助人言可以帮助人们友好相友好相处3. 善意的善意的谎言有言有时候能使人增候能使人增强自信自信反反对者者1.善意的善意的谎言也是言也是谎言言2. 谎言会言会伤害友情害友情3. 谎言言终究不能持久究不能持久你的你的观点点 。（至少两点）（至少两点）审人称审人称审时态审时态审格式审格式审内容审内容审重点部分审重点部分审人称人称 时态时态内容内容重点部分重点部分 假设你班上周就假设你班上周就“Is it OK to tell white lies?Is it OK to tell white lies?开展了一场讨论，请你根据下表所提示的信开展了一场讨论，请你根据下表所提示的信息用英语写一篇短文，简单介绍讨论的情况，息用英语写一篇短文，简单介绍讨论的情况，并谈谈你自己的观点。并谈谈你自己的观点。 三部分三部分 一般现在时一般现在时第三人称第三人称 赞成者和反对者赞成者和反对者的观点的观点用简单的句子或短语列出文章要点。将列出的简单表达连词成句。 列写作第二步 假设你班上周就假设你班上周就“Is it OK to tell white Is it OK to tell white lies?lies?开展了一场讨论，请你根据下表所提示开展了一场讨论，请你根据下表所提示的信息用英语写一篇短文，简单介绍讨论的的信息用英语写一篇短文，简单介绍讨论的情况，并谈谈你自己的观点。情况，并谈谈你自己的观点。陈述方述方主要主要观点点赞成者成者1. 善意的善意的谎言是出于好意，言是出于好意，说了不了不为过2. 善意的善意的谎言可以帮助人言可以帮助人们友好相友好相处3. 善意的善意的谎言有言有时候能使人增候能使人增强自信自信反反对者者1.善意的善意的谎言也是言也是谎言言2. 谎言会言会伤害友情害友情3. 谎言言终究不能持久究不能持久你的你的观点点 。（至少两点）（至少两点）1. 善意的谎言是出于好意，说了不为过。善意的谎言是出于好意，说了不为过。谎言谎言出于出于white lies be out of White lies are out of kindness.It is all right/OK to It is all right to do so.2. 善意的谎言可以帮助人们友好相处。善意的谎言可以帮助人们友好相处。谎言谎言帮助帮助white lies help sb. do 友好相处友好相处get on well with White lies can help people get on well with each other.3. 善意的谎言有时候能使人增强自信。善意的谎言有时候能使人增强自信。谎言谎言能使能使white lies make sb. adj Sometimes white lies may make people more confident.4.善意的谎言也是谎言。善意的谎言也是谎言。A white lie is a lie as well.伤害伤害do harm to/hurt 5.谎言会伤害友情。谎言会伤害友情。Lies do harm to friendship.6. 谎言终究不能持久。谎言终究不能持久。Lies never go far.持久持久go farWhite lies are out of kindness.It is all right to do so.White lies can help people get on well with each other.Sometimes white lies may make people more confident.A white lie is a lie as well.Lies do harm to friendship.Lies never go far.列加加加首尾加首尾，使结构完整。可以采取总分总结构或者总分结构，开头或结尾的句子应注意简洁，漂亮。写作第三步：Last week our class have a discussion on whether it is OK to tell white lies. They have different opinions. A coin has two sides. In my opinion, white lies both have good ways and bad ways. Sometimes it can help someone, but it also hurts others.aniceheadanicetailanicebodyWhite lies are out of kindness.It is all right to do so.White lies can help people get on well with each other.Sometimes white lies may make people more confident.A white lie is a lie as well.Lies do harm to friendship.Lies never go far.Some people thinkSome people disagree加加增加与文章相关的句子，丰富内容。写作第三步： 方法方法: :添加添加与所给信息有关与所给信息有关的的前因后果前因后果及及条件条件，目的目的等内容等内容。方法方法添加与所给信息有关的添加与所给信息有关的前因后果前因后果及及条件条件，目的目的等内容等内容例一：这样更方便照顾父母。例一：这样更方便照顾父母。拓展：因为父母越来越年迈。 原因原因 as they are getting older and older. 例二：因作业过多，例二：因作业过多， 孩子们晚上睡觉很晚孩子们晚上睡觉很晚 。拓展：这导致孩子们在白天的课堂上昏昏欲睡 。后果后果 which made them sleepy in class in the daytime.It will be much more convenient to look after your parentsThere were too much homework that kids stayed up late at night,方法方法添加与所给信息有关的添加与所给信息有关的前因后果前因后果及及条件条件，目的目的等内容等内容目的 例三：例三：对中学生假期通讯方式进行了一项调查对中学生假期通讯方式进行了一项调查 Wedidasurveyabouthowourmiddleschoolstudentscommunicatewitheachotherduringtheholiday拓展：为了了解对中学生假期通讯方式 Inordertolearnabouthowourmiddleschoolstudentscommunicatewitheachotherduringtheholiday,wedidasurveyabouthowourmiddleschoolstudentscommunicatewitheachotherduringtheholiday.IsitOKtotellwhitelies?LastweekourclasshaveadiscussiononwhetheritisOKtotellwhitelies.Theyhavedifferentopinions.Somethinkitisallrighttodosooutofkindness.Adoctorusuallytellswhiteliestopatientswhoarebadly.Whiteliescanoftenhelppeoplegetonwellwitheachother.Theymaymakeoneconfident.Manyotherstaketellingliesveryseriously.Theyinsistthatwhiteliesareliesafterall.Theydoharmtofriendship.Whatsworse,liesnevergofar.Acoinhastwosides.Whiteliesbothhavegoodwaysandbadways.Itcanhelpsomeone,butitalsohurtsothers.连连恰当运用关联词句，使得文章层次清晰，各个部分衔接自然。写作第四步：1.表示并列或递进表示并列或递进: and, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor; meanwhile(同时），同时），furthermore(此外，再者）此外，再者）2.表示选择表示选择: or, eitheror;3.表示转折表示转折: but, however, although, though, after all, 4.表示因果表示因果: because, so, therefore,As a result,5.表示条件表示条件: if , unless6.表示对比表示对比: instead, notbut, on the one handon the other hand;7.表示解释表示解释: for example, for instance, such as, that is to say, in other words;8.表示顺序表示顺序: to begin with, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next, later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end; in addition(另外），另外），9.表示强调表示强调: also, besides, whats more, actually, in fact, 10.表示结论表示结论: All in all, in a word, Generally speaking, IsitOKtotellwhitelies?LastweekourclasshaveadiscussiononwhetheritisOKtotellwhitelies.Theyhavedifferentopinions.Somethinkitisallrighttodosooutofkindness.Forexample,adoctorusuallytellswhiteliestopatientswhoarebadlyill.Besides,whiteliescanoftenhelppeoplegetonwellwitheachother.Sometimes,theymaymakeoneconfident.However,manyotherstaketellingliesveryseriously.Theyinsistthatwhiteliesareliesafterall.Theydoharmtofriendship.Whatsworse,liesnevergofar.Acoinhastwosides.Inmyopinion,whiteliesbothhavegoodwaysandbadways.Sometimesitcanhelpsomeone,butitalsohurtsothers.美美选好词句，美化美化文章。在有把握的情况下展示自己的语言功底。写作第五步：方法一:善用高级词汇Which is better?1 1 周末我们会有很多作业要做周末我们会有很多作业要做. .A We have endless homework to do at the weekend. A We have endless homework to do at the weekend. B We have a lot of homework to do at the weekend . B We have a lot of homework to do at the weekend . 2 2 在我所有的老师里在我所有的老师里, ,毛老师给我留下了很毛老师给我留下了很深的印象深的印象. .A Of all my teachers, I still remember Mr Moore.A Of all my teachers, I still remember Mr Moore.B Of all my teachers, Mr Moore gave me the deepest B Of all my teachers, Mr Moore gave me the deepest impression.impression.3 3 对于这次考试差成绩，他感到很沮丧。对于这次考试差成绩，他感到很沮丧。A. A. He He was was very very sad sad to to get get the the poor poor grade grade in in this this exam.exam.B. B. He He was was very very disappointed disappointed to to get get the the poor poor grade in this exam. grade in this exam. 4. 4. 我们的父母殷切希望我们用功读书。我们的父母殷切希望我们用功读书。A. A. Our parents really wish us to work hardOur parents really wish us to work hard.B B. . Our parents really wish us to put our heart into study.Our parents really wish us to put our heart into study.方法二:使用多种句子结构1Wecanachieveagoodgradebychangingthewaywestudy.(only倒装)2Howshouldweprotecteyesight?Itstillremainsaquestionamongus.(主语从句)Only by changing the way we study can we achieve Only by changing the way we study can we achieve a good grade.a good grade.How to protect our eyesight still remains a question How to protect our eyesight still remains a question among us.among us.3.Myschoollifeisverycolorful.(感叹句) How How colorful my school life is!colorful my school life is!4.BecauseIfelttired,Iwenttobedearly.(分词短语)Feeling tired, I went to bed early.Feeling tired, I went to bed early. 5.Agirlwasinjuredintheaccident.Sheisnowinhospital.(定语从句)The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital. The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital. 6.Shehelpedmealotwithmymathswhenweweretogether.(强调句)It is she who helped me a lot with my maths when we were It is she who helped me a lot with my maths when we were togethertogether. .1.Striketheironwhileitishot.2.Thinktwicebeforeyoudo.3.Practicemakesperfect.4.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.5.DoastheRomansdo.7.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.8.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.9.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway. 10.AllroadsleadtoRome. 趁热打铁。三思而后行。熟能生巧。有志者事竟成。入乡随俗。早起的鸟儿有虫吃。失败是成功之母。覆水难收。一天一个苹果， 医生远离我。条条大路通罗马。6.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.其他常用词汇：becauseof,thanksto,withthehelpof,remind.of,Imsure/Imglad/Imsorry./Ihope.(Hopefully)/Isupposeaslongas/assoonaspossible/asquicklyaspossiblestopfrom/prevent.from/noanymore/worryaboutItsimportanttosb/Itshelpfultosb/itscommon/unwiseforsbtodoregretdoing/finishdoing/practicedoing/minddoing/findsbdoinghelpwith/communicatewith/agreewithsb/sharewith/providewithPayattentionto/lookforwardtodoing/explainto/(be)fullofNodoubt(毫无疑问）/AsfarasIknow/AsfarasImconcerned(就我而言）/Asforme至于我/Tomysurprise/makeprogressencouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事 changemymind改变我的想法Ilikeverymuch/whennecessary必要时/keephealthy/keepingoodhealth/respectsb/getonwellwith/人spendtimedoingsth/ittakessbtodosth/Youdbetter(not).beproudof/Imwillingto我愿意去做某事=Iwouldliketo./Inmyopinion=inmyviewbeharmfultosb(对.有害）doharmtosb伤害Beinterestedin/beagainststh(反对）The+比较级，the+比较级