The Past Participle as the Attribute过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。关系。 1. 过去分词作定语的含义过去分词作定语的含义a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义义a broken cupa wounded soldiera cup which is broken a soldier who was woundeda grown womana retired officera woman who has growna officer who has retiredb. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。成意义。B: Yes. And we had canned fish, smoked sausages, cakes made by our teacher and fresh apples picked from the orchard. We also played a lot of games there.B: Indeed, to our delight, we helped a lost boy to find his mother.单个单个的过去分词作定的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词的名词或代词前面前面；过去分词过去分词短语短语作定语作定语时，位于它所修饰的时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词名词或代词后面后面。单个过去分词单个过去分词过去分词短语过去分词短语2. 过去分词作定语位置过去分词作定语位置已升起的太阳已升起的太阳有组织的旅行有组织的旅行 a risen sunan organized trip单个过去分词和形容词修饰单个过去分词和形容词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等等不定代词不定代词时时,也要放也要放在这些词在这些词后面后面。nothing reportedsomething importantsomething else过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转换换。 a letter written in pencil the book borrowed by Jack= a letter which was written in pencil= the book which was borrowed by Jack3. 过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换4. 形容词性化过去分词作定语形容词性化过去分词作定语常见的有：常见的有：amazed, embarrassed, disappointed, excited, encouraged, bored, interested, tired, worried, surprised, satisfied, pleased, moved, frightened等。等。The _ children were opening their presents.A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitesexcited过去分词与现在分词作定语过去分词与现在分词作定语1.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。an inspiring speech the inspired audience鼓舞人心的演说鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众受到鼓舞的观众the falling leaves落叶（正往下落的）落叶（正往下落的）落叶（已经落到地面的）落叶（已经落到地面的）the fallen leaves2 2. . 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作动作正在进行正在进行”或或“与谓语同时进行与谓语同时进行”或或“经常性经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词先于位于动词表示的动作表示的动作”或或“没有一定的时间性没有一定的时间性” Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree? He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.lyingrespected3.及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词与与现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式都可都可以表示以表示“被动被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdaythe problem being discussed 已经发生，完成已经发生，完成正在发生正在发生Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011江苏江苏) A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 解解析析：compare的的动动作作是是survey发发出出的的，现在分词短语做后置定语。现在分词短语做后置定语。高考解析高考解析The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南湖南) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这个观点本身一样重要。个观点本身一样重要。the ability to do sth.“做某事的能力做某事的能力”，固定短语，故此处，固定短语，故此处用动词不定式作后置定语。用动词不定式作后置定语。Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建福建) A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded解析：句中的主语解析：句中的主语Tsinghua University与与found构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选C、D；再根据时间；再根据时间1911年可知年可知found动作已动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分词短语作后置定语。词短语作后置定语。 1. The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (湖南湖南 2011 ) A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 2. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. （2010 课标全国卷）课标全国卷）A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 3. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily. （北京（北京2010）A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 4. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. （四川（四川2010）A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 5. So far nobody has claimed the money _ in the library. （湖南（湖南2010）A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered