Period 3 Learning about language Unit 1 Friendship Period 3: 幻灯片29-58页Grammar直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语Direct and Indirect Speech解题步骤解题步骤: : 1.1.陈述句陈述句: :“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddidntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.Sarah特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序来表达，语序改为陈述句语序改为陈述句语序 3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heheharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.5. 注意地点的变化注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化注意时态的变化2. 注意人称变化。注意人称变化。3. 注意指示代词的变化注意指示代词的变化4. 注意时间的变化注意时间的变化6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化注意个别趋向动词的变化The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变时，时态不变The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”1. 1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时语时 3. 3. 当直接引语中有以当直接引语中有以when, whilewhen, while引导的从引导的从句，表示过去的时间时句，表示过去的时间时 4. 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时当引语是谚语、格言时5. 5. 当直接引语中有情态动词当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时时 从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况: : 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext month the next month here there come, go,bring take 直接引语中的助动词直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldShould（不变）不变）willwouldwouldWould（不变）不变）maymightmightMight（不变）不变）cancouldcouldCould（不变）不变）mustMust/had toExercises:1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.” He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.3. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices高考链接B解析：答案B。Advice若作“忠告，劝告，建议”讲，无论什么情况下都不可数，故A、C、D各项均属错误。Advice前不能用不定冠词，但可被some，much，a lot of/lots of，a piece of，a bit of，a word of等修饰。1.Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through高考链接C解析：答案C。本题主要考查具体语境中get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不知道每个单词的确切含义，但他们能够很好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用get along。2. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall高考链接B解析：答案B。本题考查了fall in love在虚拟语气中的应用，从标志性时间状语at the age of seven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气结构中，若指过去，从句中动词形式用过去完成时，主句中谓语动词形式用would/should/might/ could/have done。3. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices高考链接B解析：答案B。Advice若作“忠告，劝告，建议”讲，无论什么情况下都不可数，故A、C、D各项均属错误。Advice前不能用不定冠词，但可被some，much，a lot of/lots of，a piece of，a bit of，a word of等修饰。4. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say高考链接D解析：答案D。本题主要考查了dare作为情态动词和实义动词的基本用法。作为实义动词，dare有人称、数和时态的变化，故dare to say与主语he相悖；dare doing结构本身错误；dare的否定形式应为dare not do(情态动词)或dont/doesnt/didnt dare (实义动词) to do。 Homework Review the knowledge of direct speech and indirect speech and summarize the rules.