英语（二）写作英语（二）写作 以下选手退出She is my watch sister. You go,you go.ok, I go.I thought I am can flying.Mountain people mountain seaFuck do computerBlood flower anger open写：他非常喜欢英语He likes english very muchHe enjoy learning English very muchHe is interested in english very muchHe is greatly fond of englishHe is intensively interested in englishHe takes tremendous/remarkable/considerable interest in english.写：小汤姆家巨穷无比，他根本不能去上学。Little Tom is too poor to go to schoollittle Tom is so poor that he is unable to go to school.So poor is little tom that he is unable toLittle tom is perpetually struggling against poverty, thus he is unable to afford the educational tuition.It is poverty that enables little tom fail to越来越多的人认为保护环境就是保护我们自己。More and more people believe.More and more people realizeThere is an increasing number of people who are convinced that.Tom大言忠告大言忠告写作中要写作中要保持保持1个主题个主题关注的三个方面关注的三个方面观点观点角度角度联系联系写作的写作的5步曲步曲审题审题-要我们写什么要我们写什么构思构思-我们可以写什么我们可以写什么列提纲列提纲-按照什么思路写按照什么思路写落笔落笔-写成什么样写成什么样检查检查-预览结果，防止粗心预览结果，防止粗心写作的写作的7宗罪宗罪不会用英语表达不会用英语表达I am can flying语言表达错误众多语言表达错误众多无话可说无话可说(反复倒粪反复倒粪)表达比较平庸表达比较平庸作文跑题作文跑题文章结构混乱文章结构混乱主题段落难以扩展主题段落难以扩展考研英语二大作文 图表题要求分两点或三点，都要写三段！图表分类举例图作文之圆形饼状图The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996 如何描述下面图形中数据的变化？如何描述下面图形中数据的变化？看图表，并思考以下问题：看图表，并思考以下问题：概述两图描述了什么（需要对象和时间）？概述两图描述了什么（需要对象和时间）？两图中哪两种消费方式两图中哪两种消费方式占的比例比较大？各自又占的比例比较大？各自又有什么变化（数据说明）？有什么变化（数据说明）？两图中还有哪些消费方式发生了变化？变化特征两图中还有哪些消费方式发生了变化？变化特征大吗？具体有什么变化（数据说明）？大吗？具体有什么变化（数据说明）？两图中哪些消费方式相对变化不大？对应数据是两图中哪些消费方式相对变化不大？对应数据是什么？什么？“占占”多少百分比如何丰富表达？必要的时候，多少百分比如何丰富表达？必要的时候，一些特殊的百分比用什么适当的英文单词来表达一些特殊的百分比用什么适当的英文单词来表达？描述举例Foodandcarsmadeupthetwobiggestitemsofexpenditureinbothyears.Togethertheycomprisedoverhalfofhouseholdspending.Foodaccountedfor44%ofspendingin1966,butthisdroppedbytwothirdsto14%in1996.However,theoutlayoncarsdoubled,risingfrom23%in1966to45%in1996.随随手手写写写写绿绿色色词词汇汇哦哦。Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers increaseddramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1% Some areas remainedrelativelyunchanged. Americans spent approximatelythesame amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years Note on Pie chart圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚 。饼状图举例2This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain （图略） As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.图作文之柱状图如何描述下面图形中数据的变化？如何描述下面图形中数据的变化？global sales of games software, CDs and DVD or video. 看图表，并思考以下问题：看图表，并思考以下问题：每种颜色的柱子随时间变迁呈现何种变化每种颜色的柱子随时间变迁呈现何种变化趋势特征？趋势特征？哪种颜色的柱子变化幅度大？起点值和终哪种颜色的柱子变化幅度大？起点值和终点值各是多少？变化幅度平均值大约多少点值各是多少？变化幅度平均值大约多少？哪两种颜色的柱子变化幅度小？起点值和哪两种颜色的柱子变化幅度小？起点值和终点值各是多少？可否在写作时另取一段终点值各是多少？可否在写作时另取一段放在一块描述？放在一块描述？The chart shows the changes in the sales of video material / DVDs, games software and CDs around the world in billions of dollars over a three-year period. It can be seen that the sales of videos / DVDs and games software have increased, while the sales of CDs have gone down slightly.Between 2000 and 2003, the sale of videos and DVDs rose by approximately 13 billion dollars. In 2000, just under 20 billion dollars worth of these items were sold, but in 2003, this figure had risen to a little over 30 billion dollars.The sales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply. Sales increased from about 13 billion dollars in 2000 to just under 20 billion dollars three years later. By contrast, during the same time period, the sale of CDs fell from 35 billion dollars in 2000 to about 32.5 billion dollars in 2003. 图作文之曲线图如何描述下面的变化？ThelinegraphshowsestimatedsalesofgoldinDubaifor12monthsin2002inmillionsofdirhams.看图要思考：看图要思考：曲线有何规律特征？曲线有何规律特征？根据曲线特征，其大致可以分成几大段以根据曲线特征，其大致可以分成几大段以便写作描述？便写作描述？峰值、谷值各自多少？对应的月份又是什峰值、谷值各自多少？对应的月份又是什么？么？曲线变动过程中有无出现平稳？曲线变动过程中有无出现平稳？Thereweretwomainseasonsforgoldsales：ThemainseasonforsalesisintheDecembertoMayperiod.Saleswereconsistentlyabove200milliondirhamspermonth,risingsharplytoapeakof350milliondirhamsinMarch.However,forthenextfourmonths,salesdeclinedsteadily,reachinganannuallowof120milliondirhamsinJuly.随随手手写写蓝蓝题题词词汇汇哦哦InAugust,therewasasuddenincrease.Salesalmostdoubled,risingfrom120milliondirhamsinJulyto210milliondirhamsinAugust.ThiswasfollowedbyadropinSeptember,backtotheJulyfigure.FromSeptembertoOctober,salesrecovered,from120to180million.InOctoberandNovember,salesremainedsteady,andtherewasasmallincreaseinDecemberto190milliondirhams.Inconclusion,themainsalesperiodisintheearlypartoftheyear,slumpinginthesummer,exceptforasuddenincreaseinAugust.完整的出题形式？例例1题目：题目：ChangesinPeoplesDietStudy the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :1. state the changes in peoples diet (饮 食) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions.例例2题目：题目：CarAccidentsDeclininginWaltonCityRemember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reasons for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.例例3Forthispart, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况2. 说明引起变化的各种原因Note： 从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1)用文字描述图表，客观描述图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。图表作文的写作要领图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作建议：文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息 ，即： 图表反映的主题思想 第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因 ，即： 分析产生的原因第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议 ，即 展望未来或提出方法或建议 注意：这一段，如果只是要求评论的题型，要略写！第一段写作如果只有一个变量，有三个数据，As can be seen clearly in the chart, the average number of hours a student spends on Internet every week has increased from 2 hours in 1998 to 8 hours in 2006.如果是最常见的是2*3的情形，According to the information implied in the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.如果是1*n(n3)的情形，将头与尾描述出来即可，比较好的方法就是在句中描述最后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形，大家应首先进行分类，分成上升、下降两类，或者上升、下降、不变三类，如此，问题可以得到解决。 持续变化的持续变化的data在不同情况下在不同情况下增加：increase / rise / go up 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall 波动：fluctuate / rebound / wave 稳定：remain stable 改变：change必须知道的变化词必须知道的变化词表示变化的程度词 rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply急剧升降的steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly轻微的、略微地stable/stably稳定的要记得开动你的笔啊，写写写，记记记要记得开动你的笔啊，写写写，记记记描述变化经典句子第一段第一句话第一段第一句话如图所示如图所示As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table该图为我们提供了有关有趣数据。The graph provides some interesting data regarding这个曲线图描述了的趋势this is a cure graph which describes the trend of从图中可以看出，发生了巨大变化 as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly thatit is clear/apparent from the chart that 这个图表向我们展示了this is a graph which illustratesthis table shows the changing proportion of a & b fromto 该表格描述了年到年间a与b的比例关系。the graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in 该图以圆形图形式描述了总的趋势。this is a column chart showing 这是个柱型图，描述了as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuation of 如图所示，两条曲线描述了的波动情况。第一段第2句第4/5句中必备描述变化之不变描述变化之不变over the period fromtotheremained level.在至期间，基本不变the number ofremained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。月（年）至月（年）的数量基本不变。 there is not a great deal of difference betweenand与的区别不大the percentage remained steady at 比率维持在描述变化之 增加.the number sharply went up to 数字急剧上升至 the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of 该图表表明的数目增长了三倍。.a considerable increase/decrease occurred fromto到发生急剧上升 （year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in年急剧上升 .there is an upward trend in the number of数字呈上升趋势 the situation reached a peak（a high point at） of%. 的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为百分点。 the figures peaked atin（month/year）的数目在月（年）达到顶点，为 a is times as much/many as b. a是b的倍。a increased by a增长了a increased to a增长到be similar to与相似be the same as与相同 描述变化之 降低thefiguresreachedthebottom/alowpoint/hitatrough.数字（情况）数字（情况）达到底部达到底部（低谷）（低谷） fromtothe rate of decrease slow down.从到，下降速率减慢。from this year on，there was a gradual decline/ reduction in the，reaching a figure of从这年起，逐渐下降至decreased year by year whileincreased steadily.逐年减少，而逐步上升 比较Compared with is still increased by There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year). Whilebut表示分别的副词 Respectivelyin the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals 表示大约的副词或者词组 About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just under例如:1. Describe the differences of the income sources between Chinese and American students. 2. Analyze possible reasons for these differences. 3. Predicate future tendency. Source of income Percentage of Total Income_Parents Part-time job Fellowship or Scholarship American students 50% 35% 15% Chinese students 90% 5% 5% _Income sources of Chinese students are quite different from those of American students. In China, students get 90% of their money from their parents while in America, only 50% of students money is provided by parents. In addition, Chinese students earn only 5% of their money from part time jobs and 5% from fellowship or scholarship while income from these two resources for American students takes up 35% and 15% respectively of their total income. 交通事故图表第1段举例From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主题句/概述表格反映的内容(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势第2段和第3段同社 会现象类的作文模板雏形第一段（一升一降一不变，一缓慢）What a thought-provoking and illuminating chart it is! As is apparently depicted in the chart, it is obvious that（内容）soared from（数据）in（年份） to（数据） in（年份）, While, as a sharp contrast, （内容）decreased from（数据）in（年份） to（数据） in（年份）.In addition ,（内容）was almost the same in（年份）and（年份）./（there was only a slow increase from（数据）in（年份） to（数据） in（年份）第二段（解释具体原因）Why does this phenomenon revealed in the chart above appear? Several reasons accounting for the situation can be what follows. To begin with ,I am strongly convinced that this is partly duo to the fact that（原因一）, In addition, this is partly because ，（原因二）, Last but not least, that is no denying that because of,people surely tend to 原因三）. Maybe there are some other reasons bringing about this phenomenon, but it is generally believed that the above-mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.第三段（发表个人观点）From the analyses made above , we may come to the conclusion that（结论）. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded，and I do believe that only on the basis of(主题短语)can we have the chance to get a better access to 主题。经典模板从中学（见另外两个文件）词汇整容必备1.alleach and every (student)every single2.almostapproxima telypractica lly3.althoughadmittingthatconcedingthat4.alwaysconsistentlyconsta ntlycontinuallyeternallyperpetually5.becauseconsidering that6.good,badfavorabledesirablesatisfactorybad: un- undesirable/unsatisfactory7.enableempower sb to sthfacilitate sb to do sth8.likeappreciatebe crazy aboutdelight inrejoice intake pleasure in9.enoughabundantadequatesufficientample10.importantessentialvitalcrucialFundamentalindispensable11.let(sbdo)allow sb to doauthorizesbtodogive permission to12.nownowada ysatpresentat these days13.reallyundoubted lyabsolutelygenuinely14.manyamultitudeofan ocean ofa sea ofa mass ofma ny if not mostEM:a multitude of colled ge student are crazy about pla ying games ,andaccordingly,when itcomes to the exam,they found that their grades are undesirable15.moreandmoren.+in /growing/increasing/significa nt/numbers16.moreandmore+adj(em.important)=increasingly important17.most+n.(em.student)=anoverwhelminglymajorityofasignificantproportionofasizablepercentageof18.thinkharbor the idea thattake the attitude thathold the view thatit is widely shared thatit is universally acknowledged that19.showdepictillustratedemonstratedispla yma nifestrevea l20.veryexceedinglyexcessivelyextremelynoticeablysurpassinglyunusua lly21.wantlong for doing sththirst for doingyearn for doing22.notbynomeansem:I will study english by no mea ns.23.canbecompetenttodosthbecapableofdoing24.goodlooking/naturedattractivepresentablebenevolentgracious25.famousdistinguishedeminentrenewedcelebra tedprominent段落扩展的万能思路科学论据科学论据举例子举例子虚拟语气虚拟语气科学论据法科学论据法根据一项调查表明根据一项调查表明1.Accordingtoasurvey.2.Accordingtooneofthelatestsurveyconductedbyacertaininternationalorganization,(注意：列举数字后注意：列举数字后,后面需要一个定语从句后面需要一个定语从句来补充说明来补充说明)例子：每年，法国巴黎市民花费在养狗上的例子：每年，法国巴黎市民花费在养狗上的费用价值费用价值$1，000，000美元，可以够日本美元，可以够日本人吃一年的！人吃一年的！Accordingtooneofthelatestsurvey,moneyspentonpetsinthecityofParisisasmuchas$1,000,000,000,whichcanfeedalltheJapaneseintheworldforawholeyear.举例子举例子notice:例子的选择方法例子的选择方法普遍的例子普遍的例子将个别例子变为普遍例子的方法将个别例子变为普遍例子的方法例子例子1：我们人类历史上与这个话题相关的：我们人类历史上与这个话题相关的例子有很多，下面这个是最有说服力的例子有很多，下面这个是最有说服力的Ourhumanhistoryhasbeenfilledwithavarietyofexamplesof,withthefollowingonebeingtheforemost.注意：注意：With的伴随结构中非谓语动词的伴随结构中非谓语动词例子例子2：在我所听到的，看到的，经历过：在我所听到的，看到的，经历过的所有和这个话题相关的例子之中，的所有和这个话题相关的例子之中，最有说服力的是最有说服力的是AmongallthetouchingfactsrelatingtothatIhaveheard,noticed,andexperienced,themostimpressiveoneis例子例子3：除了这个例子，我找不到更有说：除了这个例子，我找不到更有说服力的了服力的了Icanthinkofnobetterexamplesotherthan虚拟语气虚拟语气如果没有改革开放政策如果没有改革开放政策,我们可能根本我们可能根本吃不到麦当劳或者肯德鸡吃不到麦当劳或者肯德鸡.如果没有希望工程，那些孩子将永远如果没有希望工程，那些孩子将永远接受不到宝贵的知识。接受不到宝贵的知识。如果情况继续恶化下去如果情况继续恶化下去,我们将付出更我们将付出更加昂贵的代价。加昂贵的代价。Iftherewerenosuchpolicy,wewouldnevertasteKFC.Ifthesituationweretocontinue,wewouldpayahighprice.举例子：希望工程希望工程义务献血义务献血照顾老人照顾老人希望工程希望工程我们人类历史上与爱心相关的例子有很多，我们人类历史上与爱心相关的例子有很多，希望工程是最有说服力的。希望工程是最有说服力的。在中国西部有一些家庭，他们是如此的贫在中国西部有一些家庭，他们是如此的贫困以至于无法资助孩子上学。困以至于无法资助孩子上学。尽管他们很可怜，但是来自各个行业的人尽管他们很可怜，但是来自各个行业的人们向他们伸出了援助之手，这就是所谓的们向他们伸出了援助之手，这就是所谓的希望工程。希望工程。根据一项调查，每年希望工程所募集的资根据一项调查，每年希望工程所募集的资金价值￥。，这些钱可以。金价值￥。，这些钱可以。如果没有这些帮助，那么这些孩子将永远如果没有这些帮助，那么这些孩子将永远无法得到宝贵的知识，永远生活在黑暗之无法得到宝贵的知识，永远生活在黑暗之中。中。我们人类历史上与爱心相关的例子有我们人类历史上与爱心相关的例子有很多，希望工程是最有说服力的。很多，希望工程是最有说服力的。Ourhumanhistoryhasbeenfilledwithavarietyofexamplesoflove,withtheHopeProjectbeingtheforemost.在中国西部有一些家庭，他们是如此在中国西部有一些家庭，他们是如此的贫困以至于无法自助孩子上学。的贫困以至于无法自助孩子上学。InthewestofChinaexistsomefamilies.Theyaresopoorthattheycannotsupporttheirchildrenseducation.BeingsopoorthattheycannotsupporttheirchildrenseducationInthewestofChinaexistsomefamilies,beingsopoorthattheycannotsupporttheirchildrenseducation.InthewestofChinaexistsomefamilies,beingsopoorthathardlycantheysupporttheirchildrenseducation尽管他们很可怜，但是来自各个行业尽管他们很可怜，但是来自各个行业的人们向他们伸出了援助之手，这就的人们向他们伸出了援助之手，这就是所谓的希望工程。是所谓的希望工程。Patheticastheyare,people(whoare)comingfromallwalksoflifebegantohelpthem,whichissocalledHopeProject.根据一项调查，每年希望工程所募集根据一项调查，每年希望工程所募集的资金价值￥。，这些钱可以。的资金价值￥。，这些钱可以。Accordingtothelatestsurvey,moneycollectedannuallyhasreachedasmuchasabout$1,000,000,000,whichcanhelp3millionchildrenfinishtheirprimaryschool.如果没有这些帮助，那么这些孩子将永远如果没有这些帮助，那么这些孩子将永远无法得到宝贵的知识，永远生活在黑暗之无法得到宝贵的知识，永远生活在黑暗之中。中。Weretherenosuchprecioushelp,thosechildrenwouldnevertastetheknowledgeandliveinthedarknessforever.Weretherenosuchprecioushelp,neverwouldthosechildrentastetheknowledgeandliveinthedarknessforever.拓展段落的方法(二)关键词展开法关键词展开法简单句变复杂句子形容词和副词形容词和副词同位语作插入语同位语作插入语介词结构作修饰介词结构作修饰非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句非谓语动词非谓语动词a形容词和副词形容词和副词Tom讲课。讲课。矮矮胖胖的，穿着特别的矮矮胖胖的，穿着特别的Tom激情四激情四射地射地讲讲一节无比无聊的写作一节无比无聊的写作课课b同位语作插入语同位语作插入语矮矮胖胖的，穿着特别的矮矮胖胖的，穿着特别的Tom，一个一个三十二岁的男人三十二岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的写作课无比无聊的写作课c介词结构作修饰介词结构作修饰在一个凄冷的初冬周日在一个凄冷的初冬周日，在艰苦卓绝在艰苦卓绝的老干部都很发愁的教室里的老干部都很发愁的教室里，矮矮胖，矮矮胖胖的，穿着特别的胖的，穿着特别的Tom，一个三十二，一个三十二岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的写作课，聊的写作课，比阅读还要无聊。比阅读还要无聊。d非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在一个凄冷的初冬周日在一个凄冷的初冬周日，在艰苦卓绝在艰苦卓绝的老干部都很发愁的教室里的老干部都很发愁的教室里，矮矮胖，矮矮胖胖的，穿着特别的胖的，穿着特别的Tom，一个三十二，一个三十二岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无岁的男人，激情四射地讲一节无比无聊的写作课，聊的写作课，比阅读还要无聊比阅读还要无聊，whichleftusadeepimpression.