定语从句定语从句一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。语从句和非限制性定语从句。基本概念基本概念先行词是物先行词是物先行词是人先行词是人 定语定语地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语 主主宾宾 主主 宾宾关关系系代代词词which thatwhowhomwhose关关系系副副词词wherewhenwhy 原因状语原因状语关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词thatwhichwhomwhoseaswhenwhywhowhere 正确使用关系正确使用关系 词词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语指指代代人或物人或物功功能能指指代代时间时间地点地点原因原因功功能能选择依据：选择依据： 1) 弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、 宾语、定语还是状语宾语、定语还是状语2) 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、 地点、原因地点、原因3) 判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的(只有只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句不能引导非限制性从句)(主句主句)The girl is Mary.1.The girl is reading a book.2.Everyone likes the girl .The girl is Mary.who is reading a bookwhom everyone likes 3.The girls hair is gold.whose hair is goldthatwhothat( ) (主句主句)The book is on the desk.1.The book belongs to Mary.2.Mary likes the book most.3.The books cover is blue.The book is on the desk.which belongs to Marywhich Mary likes mostwhose cover is bluethatthat( )关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?考点一1.All that can be done has been done.2.There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.3.This is the first letter that Ive written in English.4.This is the most exciting trip that I have ever experienced.5.They talked about the teachers and the schools (that) they had visited.1)当先行词是不定代词时，如：当先行词是不定代词时，如：all, few, everything, anything, nothing, much, little,none等。等。2)先行词前先行词前有有no, all, few, little, the only, one of, every, very等词修饰时。等词修饰时。3）先行词是序数词或被序数词先行词是序数词或被序数词first, last, next等修饰时。等修饰时。4）先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最高级修饰时。高级修饰时。5）当先行词既有人又有物时。当先行词既有人又有物时。 只用只用that不用不用which的情况：的情况： A)that B) which C)who D)whom E)省略省略多项选择多项选择1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.A AAEAAE有哪些情况关系代词不用有哪些情况关系代词不用thatthat，而用，而用whichwhich，whowho，whomwhom? ?考点二考点二1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用，指人用who或或whom.Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_costmemorethan100yuan.Mr.Smith,_gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,_Ihaventmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhomFillintheblanks1.Herbag,in_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringon_shespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,with_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.2、在介词后面，指事物用、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用，指人用whom.whichwhichwhom在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?考点三考点三1.Thegirl_whomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.2.Heistheman_whomIthinkyoucandepend.3.Hereferredtosomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.方法方法1.1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配foronwithFill in the blanks方法方法2.2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配配1.He made a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was going on outside the house.2.The librarian _whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.throughwith方法方法3 3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配行词搭配1.Therate_whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.2.Thisisourclassroom,_（在前面）（在前面）whichthereisateachersdesk.atinthefrontof关系副词关系副词When=on(in, during)whichwhere=on(in, in front of)whichWhy=for which关系副词关系副词 与与 介词介词+关系代词的替代关系代词的替代名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom知多少?考点四考点四1.Thecommitteeconsistsof20membersand5ofthemarewomen.2.Thebookcontains50poems,andmostofthemwerewrittenin1930s.3.Ihaveasentence,andthemeaningofitIdontunderstand.Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5ofwhomarewomen.Thebookcontains50poems, most of which werewrittenin1930s.Ihaveasentence, the meaning of which Idontunderstand.Rewritethefollowingsentences 名词名词/ /代词代词/ /数词数词+ + of 表示物用表示物用 which表示人用表示人用 whomConclusion如何恰当使用when ,where , why与which, that引导的定语从句?考点五考点五1.1. 先行词是表示先行词是表示地点地点, ,时间时间, ,原因原因的名词或含的名词或含有有地点地点, ,时间时间, ,原因意义的抽象名词，原因意义的抽象名词，用来引用来引导定语从句导定语从句. .when,where,why在从句中作在从句中作状状语语相当于相应的相当于相应的介词介词+which2.2. 若定语从句缺若定语从句缺主语主语或或宾语宾语，用，用which或或that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。ConclusionThe library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.This is the town _I spent my childhood.where/in which(which/that)Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.when/on which (which/that)This is the reason _ I didnt come here.why / for which The reason _ she gave was not true.(which/that)如何用好whose 引导的定语从句?考点六考点六whose表示所属关系表示所属关系Theriver_banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseThereareinthisclass20students,_aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose as 和 which 的区别知多少？考点七考点七asas引导的引导的限制性限制性定语从句定语从句此时先行词前常被此时先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，修饰，即构成即构成suchas , the sameas, soas, asas结构，做题时容易结构，做题时容易 忽略。忽略。提示：提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中 出现出现as, 请先考虑是否考查请先考虑是否考查as 引导的定语引导的定语 从句。从句。as 作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语宾语或表语.1、用于非限制性、用于非限制性定语从句定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和和which 可以换用。可以换用。He left her, _was strange.2、as 引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。句首，句中和句尾。_ everyone knows, Tom is good at English.3、非限制性、非限制性定语从句定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。作主语。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ discussed等。等。_ is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句定语从句，有，有“正如正如”的含义，因此，下列句的含义，因此，下列句式中多用式中多用as:as/whichAsAsas is well known/ is known to allas has been said beforeas has been already pointed outas we all can seeas is expected/ hoped/ supposedas is often the caseas引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有众所周知众所周知如前所述如前所述正如已经指出的正如已经指出的正如我们所看到的正如我们所看到的正如所盼望的正如所盼望的/ 希望的希望的/料想的料想的情况常常如此情况常常如此5、which引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。置于句尾。Thedecisionwasright,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.6、which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。Thefootballmatch,whichIwatchedyesterday,isveryinteresting.as as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,四四. . as在定语从句中的灵活运用在定语从句中的灵活运用as as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。( (定语从句定语从句) )这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。( (结果状语从句结果状语从句) )1.1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_herejustnow.Heisoneofthestudentswho_herejustnow.2.2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较：定语从句与并列结构。试比较：Hehastwosons,neitherof_lookslikehim.Hehastwosons,andneitherof_lookslikehim.考点八考点八定语从句定语从句运用中的注意点运用中的注意点 waswerewhomthem3、是用、是用theone还是用还是用that,which,where.（1）Isthisschool_youstudy?（2）Isthistheschool_youstudyin?（3）Isthistheschool_youstudy?（4）Isthisschool_isaseniorone?A.that/whichB.whereC.theoneD.theonewhereE.theonethat/which遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用若缺表语，则必须用theone的形式，接着再看的形式，接着再看theone在从句在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用theonewhere，若作主语，若作主语或宾语时，则用或宾语时，则用theone(that/which)DABE4、是用、是用when还是用还是用that,which（1）May1istheday_wespenttogether.（2）May1istheday_ijoinedthearmy.A.that/whichB.when当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用时，用when,若作主语或宾语时，就用若作主语或宾语时，就用that/which.AB5.where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：1)Ivecometothepoint_Icantstandhim.2)Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane. 在这两句中，在这两句中，where引导的定语从句分别引导的定语从句分别修饰修饰point和和situation,表示抽象意义表示抽象意义“到了某种到了某种地步，在某种境况中地步，在某种境况中”。occasion,state,case,condition,stagewherewhere6、定语从句与强调结构的区别、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）Itwasinthishouse_hewasborn.（2）Itwasthehouse_hewasborn.（3）Itwasinthehouse_heusedtoliveinthattheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉itis/wasthat,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。为强调结构，否则为定语从句。 BAC7、定语从句与其他从句的区别、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：是定语从句，试比较：Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较：比较：Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.Heissuchakindpersonthateverybodylikeshim.（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：句。试比较：Thenewsthathehadbeenbacksurprisedusall.Thenews(that)hetoldussurprisedusall.8、way后面的定语从句（用后面的定语从句（用that/inwhich或省略）：或省略）：Pleasetellmetheway(that/inwhich)youdidthejob.what从句从句& &that1What he told me is really true他所告诉我的确实是真的。他所告诉我的确实是真的。 The _ _he told me is really true2They are just what I want这些正是我所想要的。这些正是我所想要的。They are just _ _ I want3Well use what we have to get a new dress for you我们要倾其所有为你买一件新衣服。我们要倾其所有为你买一件新衣服。Well use _ _ we have to get a new dress for youthing thatthings thatall that 与与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。等。 We all have heard the news that our team won. We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句