高三语法总复习高三语法总复习省略与替代省略与替代对话中的省略对话中往往用省略答句，如：“Is she going to school?”“No, to the shops.”“I hope you dont mind my pointing out your mistakes.”“Not at all.”并列句中的省略My father is a teacher and my mother a doctor.John has done and will again.Mary can, ought to, but wont help anyone.-Jack will not finish his work until tomorrow.-And Don will not, either.并列句中的省略重点句型-I went home for Christmas last year.-So did Lisa.-Eric didnt want to miss his drink. -Neither did Bill.并列句中的省略Give him an inch, and he will take a yard.Study hard, or you will fail to pass the exam.由and或or连接的表示结果的两个句子，前一个句子的连词及主语被省略，他在形式上是祈使句，在意义上表示条件。宾语从句中的省略并列句中的宾语从句由which, when, where, how, why等疑问词引导时，可一直保留wh-疑问词，省略其后的分句。如：He told me he would come, but I dont know when (he would come).Please hand me one of these books, I dont care which.状语从句中的省略在表示方式、条件、时间、让步的状语从句中，如其主语与主句的主语一致或是it，且谓语动词中有be时，则从句中的主语和be都可以省略。如：1. Production is going up much faster than (it was) before.2. Jane can speak Spanish more fluently than Peter .状语从句中的省略3.I shall come as early as possible.4. Im happy if you are (happy).在条件状语从句中，经常使用一些省略了的固定在条件状语从句中，经常使用一些省略了的固定搭配，如：搭配，如：if any，if necessary，if possible，if so，if not，或，或if+介词短语，介词短语，if/unless/once + 过去分词。过去分词。5. I think I can fix it tomorrow. If notIf not , youll have to wait till Friday. 6. Is the book available, and if soif so where? 7. The universities have shown few if any signs of a willingness to change.状语从句中的省略8.Although (he was) the youngest of the class, he was the best.由由though，although，even if引导的让步状引导的让步状语从句，通常省略主语和语从句，通常省略主语和be动词。动词。状语从句中的省略9.Whatever the cause, the effect is certain.10. His opinion, whether right or wrong, should be considered.由由however, whatever, whenever, wherever, no matter how/what/when/where及及whetheror 引导的从句也经常省略句中引导的从句也经常省略句中的某些成分。的某些成分。状语从句中的省略11.While crossing the road, dont forget to look at the traffic lights.由由when, while, till和和until引导的状语从句，引导的状语从句，通常省略主语和通常省略主语和be动词。动词。12. The nation rose as a giant.13. The girl looked as if afraid of nothing.由由as, as if/though引导的方式状语从句，通引导的方式状语从句，通常省略主语和常省略主语和be动词。动词。不定式的省略I wanted to come with you, but I wont be able to.Simon was frightened -maybe he just pretended to be.(不说pretend to.)His job is to take care of the children and wash clothes.She hasnt decided whether to go home or to stay at school during the summer vacation.不定式的省略The child did nothing except/but cry. What I am going to do to him is encourage him.情态动词完成式的省略：They should have arrived on time, and I should have, too. 通常用助动词be, do, have, can, will等代替上文的全部谓语。“A re you going to read it?” “No，Im not.”I play chess as well as he does.“Do you think I have a chance of winning?”“Yes, I think you have/do”.I wasnt expecting to have a good time at the party, but I did.替代“Will you see Tony today?” “I might (do).”“Is Ells staying for lunch?” “Yes, I think she will (be).”口语中常加上do，be。c.f. He isnt a great footballer now and, in my view, never will be.(必须加上be)替代替代do so可以被用来替代上文中的动词和宾语或动词及其补语。She won the competition in 1997 and seems to do so (= win the competition) again.Dr. Lawson said, “Sit down.” Cathy did so (= sit down), and started to talk about her problems.替代在非正式的口语中，do it/do that 被用来代替do so。Mrs. Bakewell waved as she walked past. She does it/does that/does so every morning.注意：do so用于表达同一主语的自愿的、故意的行动。象like, remember, think, fall, lose 这样的动词，一般不用它去代替。替代I promised to get the tickets, and I will do sodo so as soon as possible.I havent got time to get the tickets. Whos going to do do it it?(不能说do so)65% of the members voted for Ken Brown this time, whereas 84% did sodid so last year.John doesnt like Porters films but I dodo.(不能说do so)She lost her money. I wasnt surprised that she diddid.替代so代替句中单词、词组或句子，not代替否定的句子，作think, believe, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, expect, seem, appear等词的宾语或表语；并可放在perhaps, probably, absolutely等副词后。He must be a worker. I imagine so.替代注意: “I dont suppose therell be any seats left.”“No, I dont suppose so/ I suppose not.”(大多数情况)“Had she taken a wrong turning?”“She didnt think so.”(在think，believe, expect, imagine后，通常用notso，而不是not。)替代“Do you the think well be late?”“I hope not.”(在be afraid, guess, hope等后，只用not。)one, some, it“Can I get you a drink?” “Its OK, Ive already got _.”If you need any paper, Ill bring you _.替代We need new curtains. Ok, lets buy green _.We need new curtains. Ok, lets buy _.I cant find my notebook. I remember putting _ on the table.