12中考对于名词的考查主要侧重以下几点：1.可数名词的复数。2. 不可数名词的量。3.名词所有格的用法。 4.名词的句法作用。5.词义辨析。 6.名词与主谓一致。考查形式主要有：单项选择、词形转换、词语辨析、翻译句子等题型。345考点一考点一 名词的分类名词的分类6考考 点二点二 名词的复数形式名词的复数形式 78 Mouse mice93.复合名词的复数形式有两种(1)将主体词变为复数，如： an apple tree a boy classmate (2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数，此种复合词中第一个词须是man或woman，如： a man worker a woman teachertwo apple treestwenty boy classmatesfive men workersten women teachers104特殊情况(1)有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes，shorts，trousers, pants，socks，glasses(眼镜)(2)有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：news，maths，physics(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义，如： room(空间)a room(房间) work(工作)works(著作)(4)不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词本身不可数，但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量，如： a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一条新闻/一张纸 a cup of tea/coffee一杯茶/一杯咖啡11还可用much，little，a little，some，any，no，lots of，plenty of等来修饰不可数名词，如： much money，some milk(5)数词名词形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式，如： He is a fouryearold boy.他是个4岁的男孩。 (four year old不能说成four years old 或 four years old) a fivefootdeep hole一个五英尺深的洞121表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式，在此名词词尾加s，或直接加。(1)单数名词加s，如：Marys book(2)以s结尾的复数名词只加，不以s结尾的复数名词要加s，如： the three girls father 这三个女孩的父亲 the childrens presents 孩子们的礼物(3)表示几个人共有，仅在最后一个人的名字后加s，表示各自所有时，需在各个名字后加s，如： Mary and Janes car(她俩人共有的车) Marys and Janes cars(她俩各自的车)13(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如： the barbersthe barbers shop理发店 to my auntsto my aunts house到我姑姑家(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词，也可以加s构成所有格。如： a weeks time 一周的时间 Chinas population中国的人口 two miles distance两英里的距离142表示无生命的东西的所有格形式：名词of所有者，如： the name of the zoo动物园的名字 the front wall of the classroom教室的前墙3双重所有格：即ofs或of名词性物主代词，如： a book of my daughters 我女儿的一本书 The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。注意： 用to的所有格： the key to the door the ticket to the match15考考 点四点四 名词的句法功能名词的句法功能(略讲略讲)1名词作主语名词在句中作的句子成分很多，但作主语尤为重要，应注意以下几种情况：(1)一些以s结尾的名词。如：maths、physics、news是单数或不可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；但trousers，shoes，glasses等为复数概念，它们在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但a (this) pair of名词复数时，其主语是a(this) pair，故谓语动词应用单数形式。如： Physics is a new subject in Grade Two. 物理在初二是一门新科目。 My glasses are red. 我的眼镜是红色的。 A new pair of pants is on the bed.床上有一条新短裤。(2)表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加s作主语时，应视为一个整体，故谓语动词用单数形式。如： Twenty dollars is enough. 20美元足够了。 Three months is a short time. 三个月很短 16(3)family，class，police等作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数；当表示其中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Her family is moving to Liaoning next week.她家下周要搬到辽宁去。Her family are having supper now.她的家人正在吃晚饭。(4)the姓氏名词复数(后加s)表示“一家”或“夫妇”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。如：The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美国人。(5)neither单数名词或neither of复数名词，在句中作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，如：Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。Neither of the boys often goes to the zoo on Sundays.星期天两个男孩都不经常去动物园。17(6)主语后跟with，except，together with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致，而不受这些短语的影响。如： Mr. Li with his students is discussing the math problem. 李老师和他的学生在讨论数学题。 All the girls except Mary are drawing in the classroom. 除了玛丽以外所有的女生都在教室里画画。(7)兼有双重身份的人作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 A writer and worker often gives us a talk on Sundays. 一位工人作家经常在星期天给我们做报告。18(8)主语和谓语的就近一致。(就近原则）就近一致即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。有下面几种情况：在there be 句型中或以here开头的句子中，谓语动词be应与后面的名词保持一致，当后面的名词不止一个时，be应和其最靠近的名词的人称和数保持一致。如： There are twenty two boys and twenty girls in our class. 我们班有22名男生和20名女生。 There is a car and two jeeps behind the house. 房子后有一辆小汽车和两辆吉普车。 Here are two oranges and some milk. 这里有两个橘子和一些牛奶。19either.or.(或者或者)；neither.nor.(既不也不)；.or.(或者)；not only.but also.(不但而且)等平等结构，连接并列主语时谓语动词的人 称和数应和与之靠近的一个主语保持一致。如： Either you or he has to go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午或者是你或者是他必须去购物。 Neither he nor we are students now. 他和我们现在都不是学生了。both.and.连接两个主语时，谓语用复数形式。如： Both he and she do well in English. 他和她都擅长英语。2名词作定语(1)名词作定语，一般用单数形式。如： girl students(女学生) paper flowers(纸花)(2)名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式（sports)。如： sports meeting (运动会)20考点一：可数名词和不可数名词【经典练习】 单项选择1.Look! Therere so many _ in the field. They look like white clouds. A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep2. If you want to get some _ about the World Expo, you can surf the Internet. A. activity B. picture C. ticket D. informationDD213. Several _ are talking under the tree. And their _ are swimming in the lake. A. woman; children B. woman; child C. women; children D. women; child4. Id like mutton and _ noodles, Mum. Well, lets go to the supermarket to buy some mutton and _. A. potato; potato B. potato; potatoes C. potatoes; potatoes D. potatos; potatosCB225. Would you like some _ for supper? A. fish and chickens B. fishes and chicken C. fish and chicken D. fishes and chickensC23 【考点点拨】 单数 可数名词名词 复数 不可数名词单数名词变复数的特殊情况 替换元音字母： man men, woman women, foot feet, tooth teeth 单复数同行：fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer 无规则变化：child children, mouse mice有一些名词加s或es后其原来的意思并不相同，如：water(水) waters(水域), fish(鱼) fishes(各种鱼)24考点二：名词作定语【经典练习】用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.We had a big party for the _(woman) teachers in our school on March 8th.2. I am going to the _ (shoe) store to buy a pair of sports shoes.3. Those _ (man) doctors are from the same hospital.4. The _ (girl) students are more careful than the _ (boy) students in our class.5. Therere many different _(sport) meetings around the country every year.womenshoemengirlboysports25【考点点拨】名词作定语常用单数形式，但sport作定语常用复数形式sports。如：three apple trees, a sports star man, woman 作定语单复数形式由被修饰的名词决定，当被修饰的名词是单数时，应用单数形式，当被修饰的名词是复数时，应用复数形式。如：a man driver, three men drivers; a woman teacher, two women teachers26考点三：不可数名词的量化【经典练习】单项选择1.Im hungry. Please give me _. A. a bread B. some breads C. a piece of bread D. two pieces of breads2. What would you like to drink, sir? Id like _, please. A. two glasses of orange B. two baskets of oranges C. two pieces of bread D. two bowls of noodlesCA273. What are those on the ground? Oh, theyre two _. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple4. Would you like another cup of tea, Mr. Smith? No, I have had _. A. two tea B. two cups tea C. two cup of tea D. two cups of teaBD285. Therere only _ left. We have to buy some for the children. A. two bottles of water B. two bottles water C. two bottles of waters D. two bottle of waterA29【考点点拨】不可数名词不能用不定冠词a, an或数词直接修饰，但可用 some, any, a little, little, much, lots of, a lot of等表示概数的单词或短语修饰。 不可数名词可与表数量的短语 (数词+名词+of)搭配使用。如：a glass of milk, two pieces of paper30考点四：名词所有格【经典练习】单项选择1.I dont think looking after children is just _ work. A. woman B. womans C. women D. womens2. _ mothers cant come to the meeting because they have gone to Dalian. A. Sallys and Jane B. Sally and Janes C. Sallys and Janes D. Sally and JaneDC313. Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time? A. 20 years B. 20 years C. 20years D. 20years4. The gift was given by _ for her birthday. A. my sisters friends B. a friend of my sisters C. my sister friend D. my sister friendsAB325. The photo on the wall is _. They took the photo on the Great Wall last summer. A. Julia and Shelleys B. Julias and Shelleys C. Julia and Shelley D. Julias and ShelleyA33【考点点拨】“名词s”形式表示有生命的人或动物的名词所有格。单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词一般在词尾加“ s”；以s结尾的复数名词只需在词尾加“ ”。如果所指事物为几个人所共有，则只需在最后一个名词后加“ s ” ,如果所指事物不为几个人共有，则应在每一个名词后加“ s ” 。名词的双重所有格：of短语 +名词所有格或名词性物主代词。34一.Review the irregular nouns.二. Do exercises on Page 105106.HOMEWORK3536