英语语法名词与主谓一致名词与主谓一致 指出下列句子中的名词指出下列句子中的名词 1. It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。1什么是名词？什么是名词？ 一、名词一、名词【答案】【答案】 quarrel 2. Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。1【答案】【答案】 第2、3个trouble 3. Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。【答案】【答案】 Facts；words 1 表表示示人人或或事事物物(事事件件/行行为为)名名称的词是名词。称的词是名词。 观察各组单词的特点，指出其类别观察各组单词的特点，指出其类别 1familyclassschool 2penmanbook 3ideacommunismstyle 4ricemilkwater 5 JohnChinaJapan 2名词有哪些类别？名词有哪些类别？集合名词集合名词个体名词个体名词抽象名词抽象名词物质名词物质名词 专有名词专有名词2 名名词词分分为为专专有有名名词词和和普普通通名名词词 ；个个体体名名词词与与集集体体名名词词；物物质质名名词词与与抽抽象象名名词词；可可数数名名词词与与不可数名词不可数名词。 1可可以以直直接接用用数数目目来来计计算算的的名名词词是是可可数数名名词词；不可以直接用数目来计算的名词是不可以直接用数目来计算的名词是不可数名词不可数名词。 2一一般般而而言言，个个体体名名词词和和集集合合名名词词是是可可数数名名词词；抽抽象象名名词词和和物物质质名名词词是是不不可可数数名名词词。难难点点是是有有些些名名词词根根据据词词义义的的变变化化其其性性质质也也发发生生变变化化，如如“success(成成功功)”是是个个抽抽象象的的概概念念，常常用用作作不不可可数数名名词词。但但表表示示“成成功功的的实实例例(人人或或物物)”时时，用用作作可可数数名名词词。另另外外，名词是否可数，不能完全根据汉语的思维来确定。名词是否可数，不能完全根据汉语的思维来确定。3不可数名词有复数形式吗？不可数名词有复数形式吗？ 指出画线部分单词的含义指出画线部分单词的含义 1. Healthy diet should include vegetables. 【答案】【答案】 (各种各样的)蔬菜 2. Its dangerous to cross waters around this island.【答案】【答案】(很多的水体) 水域 不不可可数数名名词词一一般般无无复复数数形形式式。偶偶有有复复数数形形式式，用用以以表表达达种种类类的的多多，又又如如各各种种食食物物表表达达为为“foods”；或或表表达达 数数 量量 的的 多多 ， 又又 如如 树树 林林 表表 达达 为为“woods”(很很多多树树)，沙沙地地/滩滩/漠漠表表达达为为“sands”(很多沙子很多沙子)。 不可数名词前一般不能用不定冠词，但在物质名词个体化或抽象名词具体化的情况下，可以使用。如a coffee 意为“一杯咖啡”，此时coffee变成个体名词； “He is a failure as a writer.”中的a failure意为“失败者”，此时failure具体化，由抽象名词变为个体名词。4 完成下列句子根据汉语提示写出下列各个单词，注意使用名词后缀 1. 马是有用的动物。 _ is a useful animal./_ is a useful animal./ _ are a useful animal. 2. 水对人类至关重要。 _ is extremely important to man.名词的泛指和特指怎么表达？名词的泛指和特指怎么表达？ The horseA horse Horses Water 3. 你提到的那个人拿走了我昨天买的所有的书。 _ you mentioned took away all the books I bought yesterday. 4. 这口井的水不能喝，里面有致癌矿物质。 _ in this well isnt fit to drink, for it contains minerals causing cancer.The manThe water 5指出画线部分充当的句子成分指出画线部分充当的句子成分1. Basketball is my favorite sports.2. What you need is confidence.3. His careless driving caused the accident.4. We elected Mr. Li head of our school.5. This kind of flower is called carnation.6. Beijing, capital of China, is worth visiting.名词在句子中充当什么成分？名词在句子中充当什么成分？(主语主语)(表语表语)(宾语宾语) (宾补宾补)(主补主补)(同位语同位语)7. Id like to buy a coffee cup.8. The meeting lasted 8 days.(定语定语)(状语状语) 名名词词在在句句子子中中分分别别充充当当主主语语，宾宾语语，表表语语，宾宾补补，主主补补，同同位语，定语或状语。位语，定语或状语。 1 什么叫主谓一致什么叫主谓一致 写出括号中动词的适当形式写出括号中动词的适当形式 1. I _ (be) the ninth letter of the alphabet. I 是字母表中第9个字母。 2. Both the touchmenot and the forgetmenot _(be) plants. 含羞草和勿忘我都是植物。二、主谓一致二、主谓一致is are 3. Attitude _(decide) everything. 态度决定一切。 4. Opinions about whether to go into details about the issue _ (vary) from person to person. 关于是否深入问题的细节这个问题，观点因人而异。decides vary 能能否否将将主主谓谓一一致致理理解解为为“主主语语是是复复数数形形式式则则谓谓语语用复数，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数用复数，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数”？ 翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词 1. 书籍是人类的好朋友。2 【答案】Books主 are谓 good friends to man 2. 一个流浪汉躺在公园的长凳上，双手抖个不停。【答答案案】 A homeless man主 was lying on谓 the bench in the park, with both his hands trembling. 3. 许多抽烟者把医生的忠告当耳边风。【答答案案】 Many a smoker主 turns a deaf ear to谓 the doctors advice. 4. 当时一千英镑是一大笔钱。【答答案案】 One thousand pounds主 was谓 quite a big sum of money at that time. 5. 羊主要吃草。【答案】【答案】 Sheep主 feed谓 on grass. 主主语语是是复复数数形形式式，谓谓语语不不一一定定用用复复数数(如如例例句句4)；主主语语是是单单数数形形式式谓谓语语也也不不一一定定用用单单数数(如例句如例句5)。 “ “一一一一致致致致” ”是是是是指指指指句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分之之之之间间间间或或或或词词词词语语语语之之之之间间间间在在在在性性性性、数数数数等等等等方面应保持一致。方面应保持一致。方面应保持一致。方面应保持一致。 “ “主主主主谓谓谓谓一一一一致致致致” ”是是是是指指指指谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词与与与与主主主主语语语语必必必必须须须须在在在在人人人人称称称称、性性性性、数数数数上上上上保保保保持持持持一一一一致致致致，即即即即主主主主语语语语是是是是复复复复数数数数，谓谓谓谓语语语语也也也也用用用用复复复复数数数数形形形形式式式式，如如如如are, are, were, were, havehave等等等等，主主主主语语语语是是是是单单单单数数数数，谓谓谓谓语语语语要要要要用用用用单数形式，如：单数形式，如：单数形式，如：单数形式，如：is, was, has, worksis, was, has, works等。等。等。等。 主谓一致定义主谓一致定义3 观观察察每每组组句句子子中中谓谓语语动动词词单单复复数数形形式式与与主主语语的的关关系，尝试找出其中的规律系，尝试找出其中的规律 1. (1) Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。 (2) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意时。 2. (1) The wounded need medicine and food. 伤员们需要药品和食物。 (2) The wounded is his cousin. 那个伤员是他的表弟。主谓一致有什么原则？主谓一致有什么原则？ 3. (1) Not only Beijing but also other cities in China have taken on a new look. 不仅北京而且中国其他城市的面貌也焕然一新。 (2) Not human resources but the system counts.不是人力资源而是制度起决定作用。 4. (1) English as well as other languages has its own rules. 同其他语言一样，英语也有其自身特点。 3 主谓一致原则有：主谓一致原则有： 1. 语语法法一一致致原原则则。即即主主语语为为单单数数形形式式，谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数形形式式。主主语语为为复复数数形形式式，谓谓语语动动词词用用复复数数形式形式(如例句如例句1)。 2. 意意义义一一致致原原则则。即即谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数形形式式由由主主语语表表达达的的实实际际意意义义决决定定。同同样样形形式式的的主主语语含含义义不不同同时，谓语单复数形式有变化时，谓语单复数形式有变化(如例句如例句2)。 3 3. 就就近近原原则则。即即谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数形形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定(如例句如例句3)。 4. 承承前前（就就远远）原原则则。即即谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数形形式式由由远远离离谓谓语语动动词词的的名名词词确确定定(如例句如例句4)4完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式 1. Growing in the field _(be) green crops. What a beautiful scenery! 2. There _(be) no reply from the company in charge up to now. 3. His family _(be) very large.are has been谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？ is 4. The doctor and teacher _(speak) good English thanks to having lived abroad for years.5. Growing vegetables _(need) constant watering. 6. To be a pilot _(be) his dream.7. When he will be set free from the prison _(remain) a big problem. 8.Neither the hostess nor her children _ (like) hot food, so please dont add pepper.speaks is/was needs remains like 9. Look! The mother cat with all her babies _(run) after a mouse. 10. Since all _ (be) ready and all of us _(be) here, lets begin our meeting. 11. Each book and each dictionary here _ (publish) by BNUP last year. 12. Many a visitor _(have) such an experience so far.is running are iswas published has had 13. More than one person _ (charge) with theft the other day. 14. Gone _ (be) the days when teachers were looked down upon. was charged are 1谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数形形式式一一般般是是根根据据主主谓谓一一致致的原则来确定：的原则来确定： 主谓一致遵守的“就近原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：Neither A nor B/Either A or B / Whether A or B /Not only A but also B /A or B /Not A but B /There be A and B。谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数形形式式由由靠靠近谓语动词的名词近谓语动词的名词B确定。确定。4 主谓一致遵守的“承前（就远）原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：A with B/A along with B/A together with B/ A as well as B/A including B/A except/(but) B/ A like B 谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数形形式式由远离谓语动词的名词由远离谓语动词的名词A确定。确定。 all, some, the rest of分数/百分数等作主语，谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数根根据据实实际际意意义义确确定定。all指物， 表示“一切”时，谓语用单数，指人时谓语用复数。 集合名词作主语强调整体，谓谓语语用用单单数数。强调成员，谓语用复数。如： My family were watching TV when the electricity was cut off。 There be 的主语在后面，谓谓语语的的单单复复数数与与主主语语一致。一致。 2确确定定谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数形形式式还还有有以以下下几几种种情情况：况： 不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数形式谓语用单数形式。 and连接的两个名词表达同一概念，谓谓语语用用单单数数形形式式。这类名词如 knife and fork(刀叉)；bread and butter(黄油面包), horse and cart(马车)等。 动名词短语作主语，谓语通常用单数形式谓语通常用单数形式。 不定式短语作主语，谓语通常用单数形式谓语通常用单数形式。 从句作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。谓语通常用单数形式。 当every A and every B/each A and each B/ no A and no B/ many a A and many a B作主语时，谓谓语语用用单数。单数。 Many a 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one 单数名词作主语，谓谓语语用用单单数。数。 One and a half 复数名词作主语，谓谓语语用用单单数。数。 进行时中的现在分词提前，主语在后，谓语单复数与主语一致单复数与主语一致。 1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe高考链接高考链接5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come7No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed 10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 11. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered12. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 13. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were14. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 15. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are