V-ingV-ing形式作状语形式作状语形式作状语形式作状语1语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) doing(not) being done(not) being done(not)(not)having donehaving done(not)(not)having been donehaving been done2V-V-V-V-inginginging作状语的用法作状语的用法作状语的用法作状语的用法V-V-V-V-inginginging短语在句子中作状语，可以表示短语在句子中作状语，可以表示短语在句子中作状语，可以表示短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，方式时间，原因，结果，条件，方式时间，原因，结果，条件，方式时间，原因，结果，条件，方式或或或或伴随伴随伴随伴随动作等。动作等。动作等。动作等。3Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.(When) hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing.Having finished his homework, he went out.时间时间4Being poor, he couldnt go to school.Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him.原因原因5He came running.She stood waiting for a bus.He sat there reading a book.The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.方式或伴随状语方式或伴随状语6The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired, killing many people in the street.结果结果7Using your head, youll find a good way.Working hard, youll surely succeed.条件条件8注意：注意： 1.1.当当v-ingv-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之动作之前前时，应使用完成式：时，应使用完成式：having donehaving done Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.2. 2. 当当v-ingv-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的上的动宾动宾关系时，应使用被动式：关系时，应使用被动式： being donebeing done Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.93. 3. 当当v-ingv-ing形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：having having been donebeen doneHaving been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.104. v-ing4. v-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。与主句的主语是一致的。Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me.Rushing into the dining-room, I found supper was waiting for me.While visiting a strange city, a guide-book is very helpful.While visiting a strange city, you may find a guide-book very helpful.11 5. 独立主格结构：独立主格结构：Spring coming on, the trees turned green.Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.Time permitting, well visit the Great Wall.He guiding the blind man, they walked slowly across the street.12Judging from his appearance, he must be very rich.Generally speaking, his answer is right.Considering everything, they did a good job.13高考题高考题1. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved2. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let143. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said4. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing155. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared6. While watching television, _. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings167. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited17The End18