非非 谓谓 语语 动动 词词DOINGDONETODODOINGDONETODO非非谓语动词动名词动名词gerund不定式不定式infinitive分词分词participle非谓语动词非谓语动词1 1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。语以外一切成分。2 2形式形式 不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。语、状语。动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。语、宾语。分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分语、宾语补足语、状语形成分主语主语定语定语宾语宾语表语表语状语状语宾语补宾语补足语足语不定式不定式 过去过去分词分词 v-ing形式形式 3语态：必须搞清逻辑主语语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。来确定非谓语动词态的语态。 过 去 分 词DONEDONE除了作形容词用的动词除了作形容词用的动词-ed-ed形式外，动词形式外，动词-ed-ed形式可带形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.Givenmoretime,Icouldhavesolvedthatriddle.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.Theexperiencegainedinthearmywasofgreatvaluetoourstudy.anescapedprisoner逃犯逃犯=aprisonerwhohasescapedaretiredworker退休工人退休工人=aworkerwhohasretiredanewlyarrivedguest新来的客人新来的客人=aguestwhohasjustarrivedPeopleshouldpayattentiontothechangedsituation. A A 动词动词eded形式作表语形式作表语 Thestudentsarefullyprepared.Whenwegotthere,theshopwasclosed.比较比较要把动词要把动词-ed-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的的-ed-ed形式表示状态，被动语态表示被动动作。形式表示状态，被动语态表示被动动作。 PetertheGreatisburied here. PetertheGreatwas buried here in 1725. 动词动词-ed-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，处的状态，含有被动的意思， 动词动词-ing-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。动的意思。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremoved.比较：比较：amusing 使人高兴的 amused 开心的encouraging 鼓舞人心的 encouraged 受鼓励的disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的exciting 使人激动的 excited 激动的puzzling 迷惑人的 puzzled 迷惑的satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的Worrying 令人烦恼的 worried 烦恼的tiring 引起疲劳的 tired 疲劳的pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 高兴的astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 惊讶的1.Ourplanis_finishing_(finish)thetaskbeforeMay.2.Tomsjobwas_guarding_(guard)thefactory.3.Hislectureisinteresting(interest),whichmadeusinterested(interest).4.Thesituationisencouraging(encourage). B B 动词动词eded形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语1 1 在感觉动词在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, findsee, hear, feel, notice, watch, find等等后作宾语补足语。后作宾语补足语。 IheardtheNinthSymphonyplayedlastnight.Wefoundalltheriversseriouslypolluted.比较比较Icouldntgetthecartostartthismorning.Hegothissistertohelphimwithhisclothes.Itisnothardtogethimtalking;theproblemisstoppinghim! 动词动词-ed-ed形式作形式作getget的宾语补足语。的宾语补足语。Dorisgotherbadtoothpulledoutinthehospital.IlljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenIllcome. 动词动词-ed-ed形式作形式作makemake的宾语补足语。的宾语补足语。Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard. Youshouldmakeyourviewsknown tothepublic. 动词动词-ed-ed形式作形式作keepkeep或或leaveleave的宾语补足语。的宾语补足语。Theyallwenthome,leavingalltheworkundone.Thedetectiveandhisassistantkeptthemselveslocked intheroomallnight.比较比较动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。Icouldntgetthecartostartthismorning.Itisnothardtogethimtalking;theproblemisstoppinghim!Canyoureallygetthatoldclockgoingagain?点津坊点津坊动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词-ed形式，但不可用动词-ing形式。【误误】Canyoumakethestudentsunderstandingthetext?【正正】Canyoumakethestudentsunderstandthetext?【正正】Canyoumakethetextunderstoodbythestudents? 使役动词使役动词havehave后既可接动词后既可接动词-ed-ed形式，也可形式，也可接动词不定式和动词接动词不定式和动词-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语。形式作宾语补足语。三者之间有一定的区别。三者之间有一定的区别。have不定式动作由不定式动作由havehave的的宾语发出，宾语发出， 表示让某人做某事表示让某人做某事Imgoingtohavetheteacheranswerthisquestionafterclass.1. 1. 1. 1. 让某人做某事或让某种情况发生。让某人做某事或让某种情况发生。让某人做某事或让某种情况发生。让某人做某事或让某种情况发生。Hehadthecarwaitingoutside.2. 2. 2. 2. 常用于否定结构，表示常用于否定结构，表示常用于否定结构，表示常用于否定结构，表示“不容忍不容忍不容忍不容忍”、“不能不能不能不能让让让让”。Wewonthavethechildtalkingtohismotherlikethat. 使役动词使役动词havehave后既可接动词后既可接动词-ed-ed形式，也可接动形式，也可接动词不定式和动词词不定式和动词-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语。三者之间形式作宾语补足语。三者之间有一定的区别。有一定的区别。Have1. 1. 1. 1. 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，表宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，表宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，表宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，表示某事由别人做。示某事由别人做。示某事由别人做。示某事由别人做。*Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?2. 2. 2. 2. 表示主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境。表示主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境。表示主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境。表示主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境。*Thehousehaditsroofblownoff.3. 3. 3. 3. 完成某事完成某事完成某事完成某事( ( ( (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与自己也可能参与自己也可能参与) ) ) )。*Hehashadonethousandyuansaved.4. 4. 4. 4. 否定式表示否定式表示否定式表示否定式表示“不允许不允许不允许不允许”。*Iwonthaveanythingsaidagainsther.Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.Shehascomebackwithherbackpackfilledwithinterestingpicture-books.Withoutanymoretimegiven,wecouldntfinishthetaskinthreeweeks.Iwouldlikethismatter(tobe)settled immediately. Thepeasantsdontwantgoodfarmland(tobe)built on.3 3）现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：）现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：+sbdo( (经常性动作经常性动作) )+sbdoingsth.（正在进行）（正在进行）+sthdone（被动）（被动）1.Iusedtoseetheseboys_(play)ontheplayground.2.Isawthem_(play)thecomputerthisafternoon.3.Shewassurprisedtofindthehouse_(break)intowhenshewentbackhome.4.Unfortunately,hegothiswallet_(steal)onthebus.5.Hewonthaveus_(criticize)him.6.Itsabadhabittoleavethework_(undo).7.YesterdayIcaughthim_(take)mydictionarywhenIwentintotheclassroom. C C 动词动词eded形式作定语形式作定语单个动词单个动词单个动词单个动词-ed-ed-ed-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。 A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。 Allthebrokendoorsandwindowshavebeenrepaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。 我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷Whenwearrived,weeachweregivenaprintedquestionpaper.提示提示如要表示强调，单个动词如要表示强调，单个动词如要表示强调，单个动词如要表示强调，单个动词-ed-ed-ed-ed形式也可作形式也可作形式也可作形式也可作后置定语后置定语后置定语后置定语。Money spent is more than money earned.入不敷出。作后置定语的动词-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。Wehavereadmanynovelswrittenbythisauthor.(=thatarewrittenbythisauthor)Halfofthehonouredguestsinvitedtothereceptionwereforeignambassadors.(=whohadbeeninvitedtothereception)Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.(=whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents)Awoman,dressedlikealawyer,cameinandtookherseatasjudge.(=whowasdressedlikealawyer) 3 3 动词动词动词动词eded形式作定语和形式作定语和形式作定语和形式作定语和inging形式作定语的区别形式作定语的区别形式作定语的区别形式作定语的区别动词动词-ed-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，而动词形式作定语表示动作已完成，而动词- -inging形式作定语表示动词正在进行。形式作定语表示动词正在进行。the risen sun升起了的太阳 the rising sun正在升起的太阳boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在飘落的叶子changed condition改变了的情况changing condition变化着的情况4）分词作定语：分词作定语：1.Doyouknowtheman_(speak)atthemeeting?2.Doyouknowtheman_(praise)atthemeeting?3.Thebuilding_(put)uplastnowisourlibrary.4.Thebuilding_(put)upnowwillbeournewcompany.5.Thebuilding_(put)upnextyearwillbeournewcompany.6.Therewasanoldtemple_(stand)atthetopofthehill.7.Thereisasportsmeeting_(hold)nextTuesday.8.Therewasanoldman_(live)inthevillage. D D 动词动词eded形式作状语形式作状语动词动词-ed-ed形式作状语和动词形式作状语和动词-ing-ing形式作状语一样，也可以形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。动词动词-ed-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Seenfromthetower,thecitylooksbeautiful.(=Whenthecityisseenfromthetower.)Shownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.(=Afterwehadbeenshownthelab.)Completelyexaminedbythedoctors,hewentbacktoschoolrightaway.(=Afterhewascompletelyexamined.)点津坊点津坊有时动词有时动词-ed-ed形式前可加连词形式前可加连词when, whilewhen, while等来强调等来强调时间概念。时间概念。Oncerecovered,hewentallouttodohiswork.Whenaskedwhyshewaslateforclassagain,shehungherheadinshame.Oncestarted,theclockwillgohalfamonthandkeepgoodtime.动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Movedbytheheroicdeeds,thechildrencouldnthelpcrying.(=Sincetheyweremovedbytheheroicdeeds.)Writteninhaste,herletterisveryhardtoread.(=Asitwaswritteninhaste.)Excitedbythenewdiscovery,wedecidedtogooutandcelebrate.(=Becausewewereexcitedby.)动词动词-ed-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。件状语从句。Heated,waterchangesintosteam.(=Ifwaterisheated.)Givenmoretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.(=Ifhewasgivenmoretime.)Comparedwithotherprofessors,shewasanexcellentspeaker.(=Ifshewascomparedwithotherprotessors.)company.点津坊点津坊为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。Even if invited, Iwontgo.Though beaten bytheoppositeteam,theydidnotloseheart.Unless invited, hewillnotcomebacktothecompany.动词动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。引导的让步状语从句。Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.(=Althoughtheywereexhaustedbytherunning.)Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.(=Evenifhewaslaughedbymanypeople.)点津坊点津坊有时动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式被动式作状语，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。Suddenlyseizedwithahighfever,hewasunabletoattendschool.=Beingsuddenlyseizedwithahighfever,hewasunabletoattendschool.Broughtupinthecountryside,hefoundithardtogetusedtotownlife.=Havingbeenbroughtupinthecountryside,hefoundithardtogetusedtotownlife.动词动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.(=andhewassurroundedbythestudents)Hewentintotheoffice,followedbysomechildren.(=andhewasfollowedbysomechildren)点津坊点津坊动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。【误误】Icannotstandlaughedat.【正正】Icannotstandbeinglaughedat.【误误】Invitedtothestatebanquetisagreathonour.【正正】Tobeinvitedtothestatebanquetisagreathonour.A)1._(see)thosepicture,hecouldnthelpthinkingofthosedaysinYanan.2._(turn)round,Fannyfoundanambulancedrivingup.3_(water)thevegetables,theybegantopickuptheapples.4._(finish)thework,hewentbackhomeonfoot.5._(inspire)byDr.Chensspeech,theydecidedtostudymathsharder.6._(persuade)byhermother,shegladlywenttherealone.7.Warmly_(praise)forhiswork,hewastooexcitedtofallasleep.8._(surround),theenemyfoundnowheretohideandhadtogiveup.9.Once_(arm),weareafraidofnothing.10.While_(cross)thestreet,lookoutforcars.11.While_(criticize),shecried.12.Shecameearlierthan_(expect).13.Everythinggoeswellas_(plan).14._(give)moretime,wearesuretodoitbetter.(动词动词ed形式的逻辑主语形式的逻辑主语) A A 动词动词eded形式作状语或表语时形式作状语或表语时Locked up, he had no way to escape.Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.She became discouraged at the news. B B 动词动词eded形式作定语时形式作定语时The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.C C 动词动词eded形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，它们之间时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，它们之间的关系是被动关系。的关系是被动关系。Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers)The valuable vase was found stolen.(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase)We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in.(turned up side down的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house)D D 动词动词eded形式有时可有独立的逻辑主语形式有时可有独立的逻辑主语 Everything done, we went home.All our money run out, Henry had to find another job.E E 动词动词eded形式作独立成分形式作独立成分Put frankly, I dont agree with what he said.Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.（所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。）主语时，叫独立主格结构。）A)1.Today_(be)Sunday,thelibrarydoesntopen.2.There_(be)nobuses,wehadtowalkhome.3.Thesignal_(give),thebusstarted.4.Weather_(permit),wellvisittheGreatWall.5.AteacherfromEngland_(teach)usEnglish,weresuretolearnitwell.6.Withhim_(give)usalead,ourteamistowin.7.Withtheworker_(lead),theYoungPioneerswentthroughtheforestandstartedtowardsthemountainvillage.8.Manypeoplespokealoudinfrontofourclassroom,withnobody_(stop)them.9.Hewaslookingatthescreenagain,withthemachine_(turn)on.10.Thegirlfeltuneasywiththewholeclass_(stare)ather.11.Withthemachinery_(do)allthework,wefinishedthetasklastmonth.12.Shelayonthegrasswithhereyes_(close).13.Youmightcatchacoldwithyourfeet_(expose). 分词做定语的位置及其它分词做定语的位置及其它“定分定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。分词短语在词后，分词短语在词后，“定从定从”和它互对照。和它互对照。“现分现分”动作进行时，动作进行时，“过分过分”动作完成了。动作完成了。注：注：“定分定分”：做定语的分词；：做定语的分词；“定从定从”：定语从句；：定语从句；“现分现分”：现在分词；：现在分词；“过分过分”：过去分词。）：过去分词。） 分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义分词做状语，概有七意义。分词做状语，概有七意义。“时间时间”和和“原因原因”，“结果结果”与与“目的目的”。“方式方式”加加“伴随伴随”，“条件条件”常出席。常出席。且谈其主语，谓语头前的且谈其主语，谓语头前的*。（。（*指句子的主语）指句子的主语）知识回顾知识回顾Knowledge Knowledge ReviewReview谢谢谢！谢！ 放映结束 感谢各位的批评指导！让我们共同进步