继续教育学院School of Continuing Education, Jilin University大学英语（二）授课教师：张绪忠NewPracticalEnglishComprehensive,Book2NetworkEducationCollegeJilinUniversityUnit7:FarewellFocalpoints1.Expressionsandpatternsrelatedtofarewell2.2.Waystosaygoodbye3.Farewellletterandfarewellspeech4.Textstudy:TheMostUnforgettableCharacterIveMet5.Grammar:Emphasis,EllipsisandInversion1.Expressionsandpatternsrelatedoffarewell(知识点知识点1：告别常用语：告别常用语)Ivecometosaygoodbye,asImleavingforCanadatomorrow明天我要去加拿大，来向您辞行。Really?CouldntIpersuadeyoutostayacoupleofdaysmore?真的吗？能否请您再多留些日子？MuchasIwishto,Ireallycant.我也很想再多住些日子，但确实不行。Couldyoustayalittlelonger?您能再多留几天吗？Bytheway,whattimeareyousettingoff?顺便问一下，您什么时候动身？Imcatchingthe9:30plane.我乘9：30的飞机。Thenpleasehaveyourluggageready.请把行李准备好。Ourcarwilltakeyoutotheairportat7:30.我们7：30开车送您去机场。Thankyouverymuchforcomingtoseemeoff.十分感谢您来送我。Notatall,itstheleastwecoulddo.别客气，这是我们应该做的。continuedHaveyoucheckedinyet?您检票了吗？Pleaseconveyourbestregardstoouroldfriendsthere.请转达我们对老朋友的问候。Sure.Ihopewemaywelcomeyouinourcountrysomedayinthefuture.一定。希望将来有一天在我们国家迎接您。Thankyouforallthetroubleyouvetaken.谢谢您费心了。Goodbyeandgoodluck!再见了，祝您好运！Hopeyoullhaveapleasanttrip!祝您旅途愉快！Haveanicetrip.旅途愉快！Takecare!一路保重！ShortconversationoffarewellConversation1A：Ivecometosaygood-bye.B：Whenareyouoff?A：ImflyinghomeonSundayafternoon.B：Well,good-bye.Seeyousoon.A：Pleasedontforgettosaygood-byetotherestofthefamilyforme.Conversation2A：Idliketosaygood-byetoeveryone.B：Whattimeareyougoing?A：Myplaneleavesat7:25.B：Well,good-byeandhaveagoodtrip!A：Good-bye.RemembertolookmeupifyoureeverinWashington.ContinuedConversation3A：Imcallingtosaygood-bye.B：Whendoyouleave?A:Imcatchingthe11:00train.B:Takecareofyourselfanddontforgettokeepintouch.A:Goodbye.Thanksagainforeverything.Conversation4A:Ijustdroppedintosaygood-bye.B:Whattimeareyouleaving?A:Imgoingtotrytoleaveby10:00.B:Takecareandgivemybesttoyourparents.A:Good-bye.Hopetoseeyousoonagainnextyear.B:DontforgettocallusifyoureinTokyo.AlongdialogueoffarewellA:HereweareattheairportB:Itsverykindofyoutocomeandseemeoff,Mr.Zhang.A:Itsmypleasure.Itsapitythatyouhavetogonow.B:Well,Ivecertainlyhadanexcellenttimehere.MytriptoChinahasbeenbothenjoyableandproductive.Andyouhavebeenmostkind.A:Itsbeenagreatpleasuretohaveyouwithus.Wehopeyoullcomeheremoreofteninthefuture.B:ImsureIwill.Nowthatwevegottoknoweachotherbetter,Imcertainwecandomorebusinesstoourmutualbenefit.A:Ihopeso.B:Idohopeyoullvisitussomedaysoonsothatwemayreturnyourkindnessandwarmhospitality.Idreallyliketoshowyouabitofourcountry.A:Thankyouverymuch.Wellbeverygladtoifwegetthechance.B:PleasegivemybestregardstoyourGeneralManagerMr.WangandtellhimIappreciatehiswarmreceptionverymuch.A:Illdothat.Ihopeyouhaveagoodjourney.B:Thankyou.Good-bye.A:Goodbyeandtakecare.2.15waystosaygoodbye(知识点2：“再见”的15种表达)Englishspeakerslikealotofvarietyintheireverydaylanguage.Wehavelotsofdifferentexpressionsforsayingsimplethings.Thefollowingaresomedifferentwaystosaygoodbye.FormalgoodbyesGoodbye.Goodbyeitselfisactuallyoneofthemostformalwaystosaygoodbyetosomeone.HerearesomesituationsinwhichGoodbyeisappropriate:-Youvebrokenupwithyourpartner.Youresadaboutit.Youthinkthatyoumayneverseethispersonagain.-Youreangrywithafamilymember.Yousaythisasyouslamthedoororhangupthephone.Farewell.Thisphraseisquiteformalandveryemotional-sounding.Italsoseemsveryfinal.Itsthetypeofthingthattwoloversinamoviemightsayiftheyrenevergoingtoseeeachotheragain.Youprobablywontuseitoftenindailylife.Haveagoodday.SayHaveagoodday(orHaveaniceday,Haveagoodevening,orHaveagoodnight)tosomeonethatyourenotveryclosewith,likeacoworkerthatyoudontknowwell,anemployee,acustomer,orafriendofafriend.Takecare.Thisphraseisstillalittlebitformal,butnotquiteasformalasHaveagoodday.Usethiswhenyourenotgoingtoseesomeoneagainforatleastaweek.CasualgoodbyesMostofthetime,weuseoneofthesecasualphraseswhensayinggoodbyetosomeoneinEnglish.Bye!ByeisthemostcommonwaytosaygoodbyeinEnglish.YoucansayByetoanyoneyouknow,fromfriendstocoworkerstoclients.ItscommontosayByeattheveryendofaconversation,evenafteryouvesaidsomeoftheotherphrasesinthislist.Forexample:A:Seeyoulater.B:OK,haveagoodone.A:Youtoo.Bye.B:Bye.Byebye!LittlechildrensayByebye,andadultssayitwhenspeakingtochildren.WhenadultsuseByebyewitheachother,itcaneithersoundchildishorsometimesflirtatious.Later!Later!isacool,casualwaytosaygoodbye.MenoftenuseLater!whenspeakingwitheachother.YouoftenfollowLater!withsomethinglikeman,bro,dude,ordear“.Ex:Later,man.ContinuedSeeyoulater./Talktoyoulater.SeeyoulaterisnotquiteascasualasLater!.Youcanuseitwithalmostanyone.YousaySeeyoulaterwhenyouresayinggoodbyetosomeoneinperson.Whenyouretalkingtosomeoneonthephone,youcansayTalktoyoulaterinstead.Haveagoodone.HaveagoodonemeansHaveagooddayorHaveagoodweek.Yousoundrelaxedandfriendlywhenyouuseit.However,therearepeoplewhogetannoyedbyitbecausetheythinkthatHaveagooddayisbetter.Solong.Solongisntverycommonforactuallysayinggoodbyetosomeone,butyoumayfinditsometimesinnewsheadlinesandotherplaces.Allrightthen.Thisisntaverycommonphrase,butsomepeopleintheSouthernpartoftheU.S.useit.Itsverycasual,relaxed,andcolloquial.3.Farewellletterandfarewellspeech(知识点3：告别信与告别演讲)Farewelllettersareoftenwrittentoexpressthankstosomebodyforthehospitalityandkindnessyouvereceivedfromhimorher.Farewelllettersconsistofseveralessentialcomponents,e.g.:Expressyourthanksforyourassociationwiththepeopleyouareleavingandfortheirkindness,love,support,friendship,etc.Repeathowmuchyouvaluethisfriendship.Recalloneormoreofthegoodtimesyouvehadtogether.Offeryourbestwishesforthefuture.SampleoffarewellletterJuly30,2007DearMr.White,Excusemybeingunabletoseeyouandyourwifeoff.EverytimeIrecollectourclosefriendshipoverthelastfewyears,IampersonallyverysadtoseeyouleaveChina.Ihopeweshallkeepintouchasyouresumeyourworkatyournewpost.Withverygoodwishesforthefutureandthanksforwhatyouhavedoneforus.Yourssincerely,LiLiAfarewellspeechDearall,Todayismylastdayofservicein*Office.Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoextendmygratitudetoyou.Itismygreatpleasuretoknowyouall,anditismyhonortoworkwiththeexperiencedteam.Iappreciatedverymuchyoursupport,help,understanding,andtoleranceduringtheworking.Thesedays,Iamrecallingtheeventsinthepastoneyear.Allthememoriesreplaylikeamoviebeforemyeyes:howwesupporttheIESexhibition,howwemadearrangementfortheBudgetMeetingsandCMC,howweworkedinthenighttomeetthedeadline,howwehostthepartywithChina-base,howwesanganddancedintheKTVroom,howweclimbedthehillinLongQingXiatoomanyhappymemories.Anyway,Iwillsurelycherishthememorieswithyouintheheart,forever.ContinuedAbovewordscannotfullyexpressmygratitudetoyou,mycolleges.Iamunwillingtoleaveyouall,butatthetimeIoccasionallygetanopportunitywhichisclosertomycareeraim.ToleaveRGMwasaharddecision.AlthoughIamnolongeramemberofRGM,Ihopethatwecanstillbefriends.Mymobilephonenumber.is139*,anditwillnotchangeinashorttime.Mypersonalemailaddressis*hotmail.com,anditisalsomyMSNaddress.Letskeepintouch!ThanksagainforallyouhavedoneformeandthanksforhostingtheFarewellDinner.Wishyouallgreatsuccessinyourcareer,andhappinessinyourfamily!Sincerelyyours,4.textstudy:TheMostUnforgettableCharacterIveMet(知识点知识点4：课文学习：课文学习)IremembervividlythatfirstEnglishclassinthelasttermofhighschool.Weboys(therewerenogirlsintheschool)werewaitingexpectantlyforthenewteachertoappear.Beforelong,throughthedoorcameinatall,unimpressive-lookingmanofabout40.Hesaidshyly,“Goodafternoon,gentlemen.”1.1.(Para.1)Beforelong,throughthedoorcameinatall,unimpressive-lookingmanofabout40.完全倒装句完全倒装句Examples：Insidetheparcelwasaletteraddressedtomyfather.(完全倒装完全倒装)SeldomhadIseenSashasoupset.(部分倒装）部分倒装）2.appear:comeintosight;beseen;seem,look出现出现;看起来，似乎看起来，似乎Heappearswellthismorning.1ContinuedHisvoicehadasurprisingtoneofrespect,almostasifhewereaddressingtheSupremeCourtinsteadofagroupofyoungsters.HewrotehisnameontheblackboardWilmerT.Stone-thensatonthefrontofhisdesk,drewonelonglegupandgraspedhisbonyknee.1.Hisvoicehadasurprisingtoneofrespect,almostasifhewereaddressingtheSupremeCourtinsteadofagroupofyoungsters.方式状语从句中用虚拟语气（他的声音里带有一种令人惊讶的尊敬口吻，仿佛是在高等法院发表演说，而不是面对一帮青年在讲话。）Heranoffasfastaspossibleasifhislifewereindanger.2.grasp:holdfirmly,takeholdof;succeedinunderstandingsth.oftencomplex抓住，抓紧;领会Asshefell,shegraspedatthewindowtotrytostopherfall.Continued“Gentlemen,”hebegan,“weareherethissemesteryourlasttocontinueyourstudyofEnglish.Iknowwe shall enjoy learning with and from one another. We are going to learn something aboutjournalismandhowtogetoutyourweeklyschoolpaper.Mostimportant,wearegoingtotrytoreallygetinterestedinreadingandwriting.Thosewhodo,Iventuretosay,willleadfarricher,fullerlivesthantheywouldotherwise.”1.venture:riskgoingsomewhereordoingsomething(dangerous);taketheriskofsaying(somethingthatmaybeopposedorconsideredfoolish)冒险；大胆地说；冒昧地说冒险；大胆地说；冒昧地说ex:1venturethatyouarebehavingfoolishly.2.otherwise:adv.differently;ineveryotherway,exceptfor别样，别样，以另一种方式以另一种方式conj.ifnot,orelse否则，否则，不然不然ex:IcantsayotherwiseorIwouldbelying.Theirplanewaslate,butotherwisetheyhadagoodtrip.Seizethechance,otherwiseyouwillregretit.Youmustpayyourtaxesontime;otherwiseyouwillbefined.ContinuedHewentonlikethat,voicingawelcomemessageoffriendlinessandunderstanding.Anunexpectedfeelingofexcitementstirredinme.Duringthetermthatfollowed,hisenthusiasmspreadthroughuslikeacontagion.“Dontbeafraidtodisagreewithme,”heusedtosay.“Itshowsyouarethinkingforyourselves,andthatswhatyouareherefor.”Warmingtosuchconfidence,wefeltwehadtojustifyitbygivingmorethanourbest.Andwedid.1.Warmingtosuchconfidence,wefeltwehadtojustifyitbygivingmorethanourbest.分词短语作状语，意思是分词短语作状语，意思是“become fond of or be stimulated by”.译：在他的感召下，我们是如此有信心，感到必须表现优异才对。译：在他的感召下，我们是如此有信心，感到必须表现优异才对。2.justify：giveagoodreasonfor;beagoodreasonfor提供正当理由；论证提供正当理由；论证ex:Howcanyoujustifyyourrudebehavior?Nothingcanjustifysuchrudebehavior.Hejustifiedbuyingacarbyshowinghowusefulitwouldbe.ContinuedMr.Stonegaveusthegreatestgiftateachercanbestowanawakeningofapassionforlearning.Hehadawayofdanglingbeforeuspartofastory,aliterarycharacteroridea,untilwewerecuriousandeagerformore;thenhewouldcuthimselfshortandsay,“ButIsupposeyouhavereadso-and-so.”When we shook our heads, he would write the title of a book on theblackboard,thenturntous.“TherearesomebookslikethisoneIalmostwishIhadneverread.Manydoorstopleasureareclosedtomenow,buttheyareallopenforyou!”1.bestow:giveorpresentsthtosome给予Thegirlisluckytobebestowedwithbothbeautyandwisdom2.dangle:trytoattractsomeonebypromisingordescribing;offerasanattraction吊胃口；招引；虚幌Shelikestokeepherloversdangling.ContinuedTheendofthetermcamemuchtoosoon.ThemorningbeforegraduationdaytheclasssuddenlyandspontaneouslydecidedtogiveMr.Stonealiterarysend-offthatafternoonagood-byepartywithpoemsandsongsfortheoccasion.1.spontaneously:producedfromnaturalfeelingsorcauseswithoutoutsideforce,esp.quicklyandunplanned自然地，自然地，自发地自发地Allatoncethecrowdspontaneouslybrokeintoapplause.Thedecisiontheyhadspontaneouslymadetoworkforanextrahalf-hourturnedouttobeabadidea.Hemadeanoffertohelpspontaneously.ContinuedThatafternoonwhenMr.StonewalkedslowlyintoRoom318wemadehimtakeaseatinthefirstrow.Oneoftheboys,sittingintheteacherschair,startedoffwithapoemcalled“Farewell”;therestofusweregroupedaroundhim.Mr.Stonesattight-lipped,untiltowardtheendwhenheslowlyturnedtotherightandthentotheleft,lookingateachofusinturnasifhewantedtoregisterthepictureonhismind.1.register:putintoanofficiallistorrecord;enteronesnameonalist;show;haveaneffect 注册注册;记录记录;显现显现;发生效力发生效力Isthecarregistered?HetoldmehewasmarriedbutImafraidtheydidntregister.Herfaceregisteredanxiety.ContinuedWhen we got to the last chorus of the parody, we saw tears rolling down Mr.Stoneshighcheekbones.Hegotupandpulledoutahandkerchiefandblewhisnoseandwipedhisface.“Boys,”hebegan,andnooneevennoticedthathewasntcallingus“men”anymore,“werenotverygood,weAmericans,atexpressingsentiment.ButIwanttotellyouthatyouhavegivenmesomethingIshallneverforget.”1.chorus:Achorusisapieceofmusicwrittentobesungbyalargegroupofpeople合唱（歌曲）2.parody:Aparodyisahumorouspieceofwriting,drama,ormusicwhichimitatesthestyleofawell-knownpersonorrepresentsafamiliarsituationinanexaggeratedway.滑稽的模仿诗文3.sentiment:attitudewhichisbasedontheirthoughtsandfeelings态度，情绪Publicsentimentrapidlyturnedanti-American.公众情绪迅速转变，开始反对美国5.Grammar:Emphasis,EllipsisandInversion（知识点5：强调、省略、倒装）Emphasis:Emphasis强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式,主要有如下几种形式:1用助动词“do（doesdid）动词原形”来表示强调：IdoloveeatingChinesefood.2用形容词very，only，single，such,last等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气Heistheonlyonetogetmarried.3用intheworld，onearth，atall等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句):Whatonearthareyoudoinghere?4用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：Howimportantforamantogetwell-educated!5用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：6用强调句型：“Itis（was）被强调的部分that（who）原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿ItwasinChangchunthatwefirstmet7用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：HebegantheworkinlateMay他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间）EllipsisEllipsis省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中有一些固定的省略结构：a)在以if,when,though,asif（好像）等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词是be，常将主语和动词be省略。Ifnecessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。Wheneverpossible,hewillcometomyhelp.他一有可能就来帮助我。Whilecycling,dontforgetthetrafficlights.骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。b)由固定词组引导的疑问句：Whatabouthavingagameofchess?下盘棋怎么样？Howcometheyleftyoualonehere?他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？Whatifitsraining?如果天下雨怎么办？c)在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号to。Hemayleaveifhewishesto.他可以走，如果他愿意的话。DontgotillItellyouto.等我叫你走你再走。InversionInversion主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（NaturalOrder）；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（InvertedOrder）。倒装语序中又有完全倒装（FullInversion）和部分倒装（PartialInversion）完全倒装（FullInversion）:又称“全部倒装”,是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。部分倒装（PartialInversion）:指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。倒装的几种情况1.当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义词语时，一般引起部分倒装。常用的词语有：never，scarcely，hardly，barely，rarely，seldom，little，nowhere，bynomeans(决不)，atnotime(在任何时候决不)，iflundernocircumstancesf决不)，onnocondition，onnoaccount，innoway，innocase(决不)，nolonger，nomore等。例如：InnocasehaveInotnoticedthatphenomenonNeverhaveIfoundhiminsuchagoodmood2.有些连词虽含否定词但却具有肯定的意义，这类词放在旬首，句子也须用部分倒装。常见的词有：notonlybutalso；notuntil/till，hardlyscarcelywhen；nosoonerthan等。例如HardlyhadtheplanelandedwhenthepeoplerantowardsitNotonlydidhecomplainaboutthefood，healsorefusedtopayforit3.当旬首状语为only+副词，only+介词短语，only+状语从句等构成，引起部分倒装。常见的有：onlythen，onlyinthisway，onlyby，onlywhen等。例如：Onlyinthiswaycanagoodresultbeachieved4.以so，neither，nor开头的句子中，常用部分倒装，句中有动词be，情态动词或助动词，则把这些动词移至主语之前，形成倒装：如果旬中谓语是实义动词则在主语前用dodoesdid来构成倒装。例如：IdontknowhowtoplaybridgeandneitherdoesmywifePeterisworkinghardforhisexam，andsoisJames5.从属连词as，引导让步状语从旬，语序要倒装，即形容词一ed分词名词副词+as+谓语+主语Complicatedasseemstheproblem，itcanbesolvedinonlytenChildasheis，heknowsEnglishwell，6.以关联词so(that)开头的句子，通常引起局部倒装。在这种结构中“SO+形容词”是主语补语的前置；“so+副词”是状语的前置。例如：SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeitSoquicklydidtheworkmenfinishtheirworkthattheyweregivenabonusExerciseforinversion1.NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealized2.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday_beabletomasterthelanguage.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou3.Ifyoudontgo，neither_.A.shallIB.doIC.IdoD.Ishall4.Nosooner_tothestation_thetrainleft.A.hadIgot，whenB.Ihadgot，thanC.hadIgot，thanD.didIget，when5.Yourfatherisverystrictwithyou._.Heneverletsoffasinglemistakeofours.A.SoheisB.SoisheC.HeissoD.Sodoeshe6._today，hewouldgettherebySunday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave7.Neverinmylife_suchathing.A.IhaveheardorhaveseenB.haveIheardorseenC.IhaveheardorseenD.didIhearorsee8.Here_！WhereisXiaoLiu？There_.A.comesthebus，isheB.comesthebus，heisC.thebuscomes，isheD.thebuscomes，heis9._，Iwillnotbuyit.A.MuchasdoIlikeitB.AsmuchIlikeitC.MuchasIlikeitD.AsIlikeitmuch10.Ilikefootball.Idontlikevolleyball._.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.SoitiswithmeD.Soisitwithme15BDACA610CBBCC