Unit 4 EarthquakesUnit 4 Earthquakes定语从句定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做作定语的句子就叫做定语从句定语从句。被定语从。被定语从句修饰的词，叫句修饰的词，叫先行词先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：引导定语从句的关联词有：1.定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：who, whom whose, which, that 关系副词：关系副词：when, where2. 定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句放在被修饰成分之后。定语从句放在被修饰成分之后。e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句The book is very good. I have read it.3.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:The book is very good. I have read that/which.The book that/which I have read is very good.The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.3.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw whom yesterday.The girl whom we saw yesterday is Mary.3.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系We saw some trees. The trees leaves were black with disease.We saw some trees. whose leaves were black with disease.We saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.He lived in a room. The rooms window faces south.He lived in a room whose window faces south.4. 关系代词的句法功能及指代功能关系代词的句法功能及指代功能 关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：身兼三职：1. 连接主从句的纽带连接主从句的纽带2. 指代先行词指代先行词3. 在从句中充当某种句子成分。在从句中充当某种句子成分。指代人指代人指代物指代物指代人或指代人或物物主主语whowhichthat宾语whom / whowhichthat定定语whose (=of whom)whose (=of which)在从句在从句中的作用中的作用指代指代功能功能I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news.I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.(物物/主主/不可省不可省) which 指物指物, 在句中作主语或宾语在句中作主语或宾语, 作作宾语时可以省略。宾语时可以省略。I showed him the letter.I received it this morningI showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.(物物/宾宾/可省可省)that 指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。作宾语时可以省略。Theyre talking about the man.I have seen the man.Theyre talking about the man (that) Ive seen. (人人/宾宾/可省可省)It was written by Laoshe.Jane has borrowed the book.Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.（物（物/主主/不可省）不可省）The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend. （主（主/不可省）不可省）The boy is my friend.He is reading a book over there.who指人指人, 在从句中作主语，不可省，在从句中作主语，不可省，作宾语作宾语, 可省略。可省略。He is a famous singer You saw him just now.He is a famous singer (who/whom) you saw just now. (宾宾/可省可省)whom指人指人, 在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语, 可省略。可省略。The girl is from America.I called her just now.The girl (whom ) I called just now is from America.（人（人/宾宾/可省）可省）The girl got first.Her father had given us a report.The girl whose father had given us a report got first.whose father=the father of whom = of whom the fatherWhose可指人或物可指人或物, 在从句中作定语在从句中作定语, 不可省略。（不可省略。（=of whom/which the + n; the +n+ of whom /which）* * 先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用语从句必须用that 引导。引导。all, every, any, little, few, much, no, only, very, the + 序数词序数词, the + 形容词最高级形容词最高级e.g. This is the cleanest park that you can imagine.e.g. He talked about the things and persons he had visited in the city.* 在在 who 或或 which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。引导。that e.g. Who is the man is standing over there?thate.g. This is the only book that has been written in French.当先行词是当先行词是 one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等等, 指人时一般用指人时一般用 who,不用不用 that。Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 先行词是人先行词是人, 从句中作宾语时从句中作宾语时, 用用whom或或that(介词后不用介词后不用that)。The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom she borrowed it. 指代人指代人指代物指代物指代人或指代人或物物主主语whowhichthat宾语whom / whowhichthat定定语whose (=of whom)whose (=of which)在从句在从句中的作用中的作用指代指代功能功能 从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Is there anything _ I can do for you? A. which B. who C. whom D. that D2. I have seen some strange trees, _ open at sunrise and close at sunset. A. which the leaves B. whose leaves C. which leaves D. their leaves3. All _ we need is enough rest after long hours work.A. the thing B. that C. what D. whichBB4. On the train I saw a girl _ I thought was your sister.A. who B. whom C. which D. what5. Have you seen the film “Titanic” _ leading actor is world-famous?A. its B. that C. whose D. whichAC1. Finish the exercises on page 29.2. Read the passage on Page 64 and finish exercises.