语法专题语法专题 语法提分微点案语法提分微点案考点考点4主谓一致主谓一致微视角大领悟微视角大领悟 微学堂涨分数微学堂涨分数 微考场新演练微考场新演练 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。 微视角大领悟微视角大领悟 练知考情会方法技巧练知考情会方法技巧(2014新课标卷)It _ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.解析：根据could ever用一般过去时，由于主语是It，是单数，因此此处谓语用was。was 分析句子成分，确定所填词在句中作谓语。确定句子的主语，根据单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复数谓语的原则解题。1(2015新课标卷短文改错)Lots of studies has shown that global warming has become very serious.答案与解析：第一个hashave主语lots of studies为复数，故谓语用复数。2(2015浙江卷短文改错)On the right side of the class were the road.答案与解析：were was倒装句中主语是the road，故谓语用单数。3(2014辽宁卷短文改错)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.答案与解析：havehas主语barking为单数，故谓语用单数形式。4(2014新课标卷短文改错)My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.答案与解析：looklooks主语school为单数，故谓语用单数。5(2014四川卷短文改错)Im going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.答案与解析：gogoesa fire alarm为主语，故谓语用单数。6Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky.答案与解析：waswerethe arrows为复数主语，故谓语用复数。7You, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.答案与解析：isare主语是you，故谓语用are。短文改错常出现谓语动词单复数的误判。做题时注意：第三人称单数的代词作主语，谓语是否用单数形式。不定式短语、动名词或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词是否错用作复数形式。 微学堂涨分数微学堂涨分数 语法精讲明重点难点语法精讲明重点难点 1不定式短语、动词ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。2“名词/代词with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but, except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than”等引起的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与前面的名词或代词的数保持一致。3当不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either以及被each, every修饰的名词作主语时，尽管有些表达复数意义，但是它们的谓语动词通常用单数形式。4当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语，并把它看作一个整体时，谓语动词一般用单数。5由or, either .or ., neither .nor ., not only .but(also)等连接的并列主语， 谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数形式上保持一致。6“no/each/every单数名词andno/each/every单数名词；many a单数名词；more than one单数名词”等形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。7“几分之几/百分之几of名词”结构作主语时，一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。8由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念、兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。9由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 微考场新演练微考场新演练 好题巧练拿高考满分好题巧练拿高考满分 .单句训练1Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _(be) going to visit Beijing next year.解析：主语后跟有together with时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。2I think Tom, rather than you, _ (be) to blame for the accident.解析：rather than连接两个并列主语，谓语与最前面的主语一致。3Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.解析：由or, either .or ., neither .nor ., not only .but also .等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 is is is 4How time flies! Three months _ (pass) since you left.解析：表示时间、金钱、距离等的词组作主语时，通常视其为整体，谓语动词用单数。5As is known to us all, nodding head _ (mean) agreement in China.解析：动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。6Neither I nor Amy _ (be) to attend the business conference if we are busy.解析：句意：如果我和艾米都忙的话，就都不去参加商务会议了。neither . nor .连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与最近的名词或代词保持一致。本题应与Amy一致，根据从句的时态可知应用一般现在时。故填is。has passed means is 7The New York Times _ (be) widely accepted in America.解析：考查主谓一致的用法。句意：纽约时报在美国被广泛接受。题干中的主语是一种杂志名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。8More than one doctor _ (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.解析：句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。考查主谓一致。“more than one可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。又根据上下文可知设空处用一般过去时，故答案为was。was is .语法填空With the _ (develop)of science and technology, people have more spare time. But how do we spend the free time? I prefer to go outdoors _ spend my free time in some different places with some different people. The first reason for outdoor activities _ (be) that I have spent too much time indoors. Most of the time I sit in the classroom, _ (listen) to the teachers and doingmy exercises. Many an indoor activity _ (be) too limited. Fresh air, sunlight and enough _ (physics) exercise are needed for a healthy body. So when I am free, I will go out. I also want to have more experiences in my life. development and is listening is physical When you go out, _ (especial) far away from your daily life, you will meet a number of people who _ (be) quite different from you. It will give you a lot of exciting experiences. However, outdoor activities will take a lot of money and energy. So if you have not prepared enough, having some indoor amusements is also _ good choice, which may be much cheaper and easier to carry out. Reading some books and enjoying music _ (be) also very good.are especially are a 解析：随着科学技术的发展，人们有了越来越多的空闲时间，那么我们怎样打发这些空闲时间呢？作者讲述了他是怎么做的。1 with the development of“随着的发展”。2根据空格前后的内容可知，应填and连接两个并列谓语动词go和spend。故填and。3本句主语是the first reason，故谓语用单数形式。4listening作动词sit的伴随状语。5many a修饰名词，谓语用单数形式。6这里缺少定语修饰名词exercise，所以用形容词。7根据句意尤其是空后的“far away from your daily life”可知，此处应用especial的副词形式，表示“尤其”。8先行词为a number of people，故定语从句谓语用复数形式。9如果你没有充分的准备，那么进行一些室内娱乐活动也是一个好的选择。故用不定冠词a。10这里主语为Reading some books和enjoying music，且根据上下文的语境可知，应用一般现在时，因此动词用are。