Heart failureWhat Is Heart Failure?LesspumpingpowerSlowerflowrateofbloodHigherpressureofchamberTheheartcantprovidebodyenoughbloodCausesCoronaryarterydiseaseWhat causes heart failureCoronaryarterydiseaseHeartattackCardio-myopathyOver-burdenedCardiachypertrophyCompliancedecreaseCompensa-tion reactionFrank-StarlingmechanismCompensatorymechanismofNeurohumorCompensation reactionTypes Of Heart FailureTypes Of Heart FailureSystolicdysfunctionWhentheheartmuscledoesntcontractwithenoughforce,thereislessoxygen-richbloodthatispumpedthroughoutthebodyDiastolicdysfunctionTheheartcontractsnormally,buttheventricle-themainpumpingchamber-doesnotrelaxproperly,reducingtheamountofbloodthatcanentertheheartandraisingbloodpressureinthelungs.AHA/ACC GuidelinesAHA/ACC Guidelines StageAAthighriskforHFbutwithoutstructuralheartdiseaseorsymptomsofHFStageBStructuralheartdiseasebutwithoutsignsorsymptomsofHFStageCStructuralheartdiseasewithpriororcurrentsymptomsofHFStageDRefractoryHFrequiringspecializedinterven-tionsStages of Heart FailureStages of Heart Failure ClassINolimitationduringordinaryactivity ClassIISlightlimitationbyshortnessofbreathfatigueduringmoderateexertionorstressClassIIISymptomswithminimalexertionthatinterferewithnormaldailyactivityClassIVInabilitytocarryoutanyphysicalactivity SymptomsSymptomsSymtomsCongestedlungsFluidandwaterretentionDizzinessfatigueweaknessRapidorirregularheartbeatsDiagnosisDiagnosisDiagnosisMedical historySymptomsPhysical examsAssistant examina-tionHeartfailureDiabeteskidneydiseaseanginahighbloodpressureheartproblemsSmoke DrinkalcoholandhowmuchyoudrinkmedicationsMedical historyAssitantExaminationsBloodtestsBNPChestX-rayEchocardiogramEFEKGStresstestCardiaccatheterizationcoronaryangiogramCardiacMRIAssistant ExaminationsBNPBNPisasubstancesecretedfromtheheartinresponsetochangesinpressurethatoccurwhenheartfailuredevelopsandworsens.ThelevelofBNPinthebloodincreaseswhenheartfailuresymptomsworsen,anddecreaseswhentheheartfailureconditionisstable.TheBNPlevelinapersonwithheartfailure-evensomeonewhoseconditionisstable-ishigherthaninapersonwithnormalheartfunction.EFAnormalEFisgenerallybetween55%and75%,whichmeansthatoverhalfofthebloodvolumeispumpedoutoftheheartwitheachbeat.HeartfailuremayoccurastheresultofalowEF(calledsystolicheartfailure),orfromanothercause,suchasavalvedisorderorfromdiastolicdysfunction.PeoplewithdiastolicdysfunctioncanhaveanormalEF.TreatmentAdd Your TextGoodlifestylereasonabledietaryhabitMedicationsSurgicalproceduresTopreventyourheartfailurefromworseningCommon types of drugs used to treat heart failure include:Angiotensinconvertingenzyme(ACE)inhibitorsAngiotensinIIreceptorblockers(ARBs)Beta-blockersDigoxinDiureticsBloodvesseldilatorsPotassiumormagnesiumAldactoneInhibitorsCalciumchannelblockersHeartpumpmedicationMedicationSurgical Procedures添加标题Hearttrans-plantBypasssurgeryHeartvalvesurgeryLeftventricularassistdeviceInfarctexclusionsurgerySurgeryisaimedatstoppingfurtherdamagetotheheartandimprovingtheheartsfunction