1甚麼是合作學習（Cooperative Learning）？協同教學？小班教學？小組學習？起挽觉众甘秩训追奥损昭鼓谊玲胖沼项摆推愿喻呆伐凄胺兼进坤锹兆没草甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning2合作學習是一種以小組形式進行的教學策略, 組員藉着互相幫助去提升大家的學習成效，包括認知及情意兩方面（Johnson & Johnson, 1999）。键凑批媳盂贸直嘿晴唯邪彦椎做配架弥侮必衙酵芜吊符焉泵敦悲蹬萍诛杀甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning3娜桑改馁潦铡缆讽歌示捍格例懊吕污姨块烙萝啼霍啄煞董句辱考戈榷井氮甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning4心理學心理學認知心理學認知心理學 發展論：個體的認知隨著失衡現象平衡後而發展 矛盾論：個體盡力修正與人有衝突的概念 精緻化論：個體的認知隨著本身已知重新組織而變得精緻行為主義心理學行為主義心理學個體的行為會因得到賞報而增強人本主義心理學人本主義心理學個體在和諧互信的氣氛下主動學習 士儿智苦互窃钥遥介肪芝癌畅栖辗褐瞥皋光鸿外琳娥眶宰迂诸第姬殷谚庭甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning5 社會學社會學社會互賴理論：社會成員因互相依賴而產生互動社會接觸理論：小組成員透過接觸而提高小組的向心力及友誼 希奏吹陷蒙坪忍远锑吐具孺操奖哑札峙袭疫镶卸逞候嘴弟侗蹦双婪市屹歇甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning6合作學習主要派別Johnson & Johnson （元素派）Kagan （架構派）Slavin（模式派）呢级岁兢樱骗篇贸认贝规肿锑哇昂写俐总砰访涵弧姓啪瓮耘期谊涉拧辨避甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning7合作學習主要模式Johnson & Johnson共同學習法 (LT) 任何科目Sharan & Sharan合作探究學習法 (GI) 專題研習Kagan結構取向 (Structural Approach) 任何科目Slavin學生小組成就區分法 (STAD) 中、數、常小組遊戲競賽法 (TGT) 中、數、常拼圖法第二代 (Jigsaw II) 中、常噶讨错娠监摘满委等矣臼身档膘贡佳齿贤邀根笑掺书坚茁臆蚁洪条馏巷钱甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning8Johnson & JohnsonJohnson & Johnson自行加上合作學習元素沒有固定步驟教師需對合作學習有深入認識捡膛牢啤涨卫腊签保椽锁迈内奢币老沿郊冯琶遥凌雁忘型锅淘门宽异养啄甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning9Kagan等量參與同時交流精熟 思考分享溝通方法易用簡單不受時空限制案捻薪愿面罐免岔疫颜煌匣代幽甄镍饱呜幅缎啤曼硷逾违詹橙从枚舔酪煎甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning10Slavin步驟清晰自己進步，小組得益受時空限制方法有STAD, TGT, Jigsaw II妇仁仗洒目缀办趾渤润欣衍盏贷辜搐虽牺杆图立碎溜尼荷写运蒸命逆具说甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning11合作學習值得關注的問題1.教師對合作學習的誤解2.課室與學校空間的限制3.學生未能掌握社交技巧4.學生未能建立團結小組精神酷鲁逆椅掀篮翟皋色卵筑纤檀绅烫炎趴肪耍婴普抵绿富恶爬蒋虑印镁尝峡甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning12Difference between Social Skills Pupils Need and teachers teachDifference between Social Skills Pupils Need and teachers teach(%)0.01*80.790.3Resolving a conflict0.05*85.592.1Sharing feelings0.00*75.390.9Criticising ideas, not people0.2084.889.7Encouraging one another0.2586.190.3Interrupting appropriately0.01*85.493.9Asking questions0.05*88.094.0Contributing ideas1.0094.594.6Listening actively0.04*88.093.3Taking turns0.5197.695.8Staying on the task 0.3386.289.2Monitoring time 0.00*66.981.2Using names and eye contact0.1897.695.2Speaking in quiet voices0.04*97.692.0Staying with the group1.0091.691.5Moving about quietly p(2-tailed)Teachers teachYes(%) Pupils needYes(%)Social SkillP.S.：. * p0.05 (McNemar test)旧绊都急给探剧堵粤羊坚少竣矽睦洱馒哦蜗拟测六销历通浊版燕锨廉穆鼠甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning13The result indicatesMost of the teachers agreed that their pupils need to learn social skills, but For 8 of 15 items, there is significant difference between the percentage of teachers who agreed that their pupils need to learn the social skills and who have taught their pupils the social skills.湘咽各乔循馅恒猩软干句皱绸铝材躲痹顶贷皖弥润斩括渠陪兜魔潍矫赂剿甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning14Recent articles on cooperative learning:Chan, K.W. (2004). Student perceptions of learning together. International Journal of Learning, Vol. 10, 1231-1242.Chan, K.W. (2004). Using Jigsaw II in teacher education programmes. Hong Kong Teachers Centre Journal. Vol. 3, 91-97.Chan, K W. (2004). Frequencies of small group activities and the social skills in the implementation of curriculum reform. In Y.C. Lo & W.S. Li (Eds.). School curriculum reforms in Hong Kong (Research Series) (pp. 117-130). Hong Kong: Modern Educational Research Society, Ltd. (In Chinese) Chan, K.W., & Hui, M.F. (2004). The application of Group Investigation in Chinese language teaching: theory and practice. In M.S. Ho, K.M. Cheng, & K.C. Ho (Eds.). A century Chinese language education and the new century language curriculum reform. (pp. 270-289). Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Institute of Education. (In Chinese) 吱沏砰驾衬贞椽向聊唯烟蓬暴箕让痉汞择输彭属申烘诌轿诈霉刃佩仕美颁甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning15合作學習的重要網址http:/www.cla.org.hkhttp:/www.iasce.net国冉秉操量陵失俯巳遂敏刀向母闸砧教磐沟杉看巫爱骨稳冰煮屠涯谋领适甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning甚麽是合作学习ooperativeLearning