1。形容词的位置：。形容词的位置：形容词一般放被修饰词的前面形容词一般放被修饰词的前面It is a quiet but interesting place.形容词后置的情况形容词后置的情况1）。当形容词修饰不定代词）。当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some或或every构成的复合词，如：构成的复合词，如：something,anything,nothingHe did everything possible to help us.2) 只能充当表语的形容词必须后置只能充当表语的形容词必须后置She was the only person awake at that night.3) Enough修饰名词既可放前也可放后，但所修修饰名词既可放前也可放后，但所修饰的名词放句首时，只能前置饰的名词放句首时，只能前置.enough修饰形容修饰形容词或者副词必须后置词或者副词必须后置I have enough time (time enough)4) 形容词形容词else放不定代词或疑问代词后作定语放不定代词或疑问代词后作定语Anything else can I do for you,sir?2.the+adj.表一类人（复数）和抽象概念（单数表一类人（复数）和抽象概念（单数）We should help the old and the disabled.多个形容词作定语的排列：多个形容词作定语的排列：限定词限定词/序数词序数词-基数词基数词描绘性形容词描绘性形容词-大，大，小，长，短，高，低小，长，短，高，低-形状形状-年龄，新旧年龄，新旧-颜颜色色-国籍，地区，出处国籍，地区，出处-物质材料物质材料-用途，类用途，类别别+名词名词The old lady wants to buy a beautiful red Chinese silk dress for her daughter as a present.They bought a charming big round new black French wooden writing desk last year.3。意义相差很大的同根副词。意义相差很大的同根副词close 接近地接近地 closely 密切地密切地free 免费地免费地 freely 自由地自由地 hard 努力地努力地 hardly 几乎不几乎不late 晚晚 lately 近来近来most 非常非常 mostly 主要地主要地wide 广阔地广阔地 widely 广泛地广泛地high 高高 highly 高度地高度地deep 深深 deeply 抽象意义的抽象意义的“深深”loud 大声地大声地 loudly 大声地大声地 （含有（含有“喧闹喧闹”)near 邻近邻近 nearly 几乎几乎注意：不带不带ly表具体表具体多位于动词（宾语）后多位于动词（宾语）后介词前介词前与过去分词构成复合词与过去分词构成复合词带带ly表抽象表抽象修饰形容词，副词，过去分词修饰形容词，副词，过去分词修饰动词位置不限修饰动词位置不限4。与形容词相关的几个句型：。与形容词相关的几个句型：1) toototoo+adj./adv.+to do 太。而不能做某事太。而不能做某事too+adj.(表个性品质）表个性品质）to do 非常。做。非常。做。toonot to do. 太。不会不做。太。不会不做。not/never tooto do 永不、决不。永不、决不。only too/but tooto do 十分，非常，极其十分，非常，极其The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is not old enough to go to school.She is only too pleased to help you.2）more than与其说（后面）倒不如说（前面）与其说（后面）倒不如说（前面） =be lessthan =be not so/as muchas =berather than.=be ratherthan.She was more frightened than hurt.=She was less hurt than frightened.=She was frightened rather than hurt.=She was rather frightened than hurt.3）can nottoo/ can never too越。越好越。越好One can never be too careful to study.4）A对对B犹如犹如C对对D一样一样A is to B (just) as C is to D=A is to B what C is to D=(Just) As C is to D,so is A to B=What C is to D,that is A to BAir is to us as water is to fish.=Air is to us what water is to fish.=As water is to fish,so is air to us.=What water is to fish,that is air to us. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1、原级，即原形，如：、原级，即原形，如：big（大的）大的）2、比较级，表示、比较级，表示 “更更 一些一些” 或或 “比较比较 ” 的意思，的意思， 如：如：bigger（更大，比较大）更大，比较大）3、最高级，表示、最高级，表示 “最最” 的意思，如：的意思，如：biggest（最大）。最大）。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成：一、规则变化：一、规则变化：1、单音节和部分双音节词，在词尾加、单音节和部分双音节词，在词尾加 -er 或或 -est 。2、大部分双音节词和多音节词，在其前面加大部分双音节词和多音节词，在其前面加 more 或或 most 。具体见下表：具体见下表：Grammar 构成方法构成方法 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级一般在词尾加一般在词尾加 -er 或或 -est以字母结尾的，以字母结尾的，加加 -r 或或 -st以重读闭音节结尾，以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音且末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这一字母，要先双写这一字母，再加字母，再加 -er 或或 -est以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结结尾的，先把尾的，先把 y 变成变成 i，再加再加 -er 或或 -est单单音音节节词词和和部部分分双双音音节节词词双双音音节节词词和和多多音音节节词词在形容词、在形容词、副词前加副词前加more 或或 most。tall, long, taller, longertallest, longestnice, latenicer, laternicest, latestbig, thinbigger, thinner biggest, thinnesthappyheavyhappierheavierhappiestheaviestbeautifulcarefulexpensiveinterestingdangerousmore beautifulmore carefulmore expensivemore interestingmore dangerousGrammarmost beautifulmost carefulmost expensivemost interestingmost dangerous 二、不规则变化：（需记忆）二、不规则变化：（需记忆） 原原 形形 比比 较较 级级 最最 高高 级级good wellbadillmanymuchlittleoldfarbetter worsemorelessolderelderfartherfurtherbest worstmostleastoldesteldestfarthestfurthestGrammar（三）（三） 形容词与副词的比较等级形容词与副词的比较等级 1. 原级的构成和用法原级的构成和用法2. 构成：构成： 形容词、副词的原级即本身形容词、副词的原级即本身3. 用法：用法： 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面4. 相等时用相等时用“ as + 原级原级 as ” 5. 不等时用不等时用 “ not so /as + 原级原级as ”6. 倍数用倍数用 “ 倍数倍数 as + 原级原级 as ”Eg: Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu . This building looks not so /as high as that one . Miss Liu speaks English as fluently as you. This room is three times as large as that one . 2. 比较级和最高级的构成比较级和最高级的构成1） 规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（4种）种）2）不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。）不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。good / well - bad / ill - many / much -little - far - old -3. 比较级的用法比较级的用法1）双方比较，双方比较， 表示一方超过另一方时，表示一方超过另一方时， 用用“比较级比较级than “ 的结构的结构 如如This picture is more beautiful than that one .2）表示一方不及另一方时，用表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less + 原级原级 than”结构结构 This room is less beautiful than that one.3) 表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可在比较级表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可在比较级 前加表示程度的状语，前加表示程度的状语， 如如 even , a lot , a bit , a little, still, much , far , yet ,by far等修饰。等修饰。 如如 he works even harder than before4) 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the + 比较级（主语谓语）比较级（主语谓语）the +比较级（主语谓语）比较级（主语谓语）” 结构结构 （越（越.越越） The harder he works , the happier he feels .5) 不与其他事物不与其他事物 相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用 “比较级比较级 and + 比较级比较级”结构。结构。 The girl becomes more and more beautiful . The weather is getting colder and colder .6） 某些以某些以ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，结尾的形容词进行比较时， 用用to 代替代替than . 这些词有这些词有inferior (劣等的劣等的 ，次的），次的） ，superior , junior(资历较浅的）资历较浅的）, senior 。 如：如： he is superior to Mr Zhang in chemistry.7) 倍数表达法倍数表达法A is + 倍数倍数 the size ( height / length /width /depth ) of BA is + 倍数倍数 as as BA is + 倍数倍数 比较级比较级 than B注意：注意： times 表三倍以上表三倍以上 ， 两倍用两倍用 twice / double译：译： 我们的学校比他们的学校大三倍。（三种方法）我们的学校比他们的学校大三倍。（三种方法）4 最高级的用法最高级的用法1）三者或三者以上相比，）三者或三者以上相比， 表示最高程度时，用表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级最高级” 的结构表示。的结构表示。 这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如如 ：ZhangHua is the tallest of the three . He works (the ) hardest in his class .2) 最高级可被序数词以及最高级可被序数词以及much , by far , nearly , almost , by no means , not quite , not really , nothing like (没有什么能比得上）等修饰。没有什么能比得上）等修饰。 如：如： This hat is by far the biggest . How much did the second most expensive hat cost ?3) 表示表示“最高程度最高程度” 的形容词，如的形容词，如 excellent , extreme, perfect等等 没有最高级，没有最高级， 也没有比较级也没有比较级 。4）形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，）形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时， 被修饰的的词往往省略。如：被修饰的的词往往省略。如： He is the tallest boy in his class .5) 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。5. 由由 as / so 组成的形容词或副词短语。组成的形容词或副词短语。1） as much as + 不可数名词数量。如：不可数名词数量。如： Each stone weighs as much as 15 tons . She could earn as much as ten dollars a week .2) as many as + 可数名词数量可数名词数量如：如： I have as many as sixteen reference books.3) as early as 早在早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island .4) as far as 远道，远道， 就就 而言而言We might go as far as the church and back .As far as I know , he has been there before .5) may / might as well 不妨，不如不妨，不如Then you might as well stay with us here .6) as as sb can be 到了最到了最的程度的程度 ， 极其极其 They are as unreliable as they can be . ( 他们极其不可信）他们极其不可信）7) as as one can = as as possible ( 尽某人可能）尽某人可能） He began to run as fast as he could注意：注意：1。比较的对象应该相同。比较的对象应该相同The radios made in our factory are better than those (made) in your factory.The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.2.比较的对象不能相互包容比较的对象不能相互包容比较级比较级than+any other+单数名词单数名词/all(the) other+pl./any one else/any of other+pl.The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.China is larger than any other country in Asia/any country in Africa.3。修饰比较级的修饰语有：。修饰比较级的修饰语有：rather,much,still,even,far,any,a lot,agreat deal,by far,a bit,three times.The students study even harder than before.4。修饰最高级的修饰语有：序数词，。修饰最高级的修饰语有：序数词，by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not realy,not quite,nothing like.Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.5.比较状语中动词的使用：比较状语中动词的使用：Bob looks younger than I do. Bob looks younger than he is.Bob looked younger than I did. I know you better than he does.I know you better than him.6。比较中的省略比较中的省略：1）从句省略整个谓语，保留主语）从句省略整个谓语，保留主语 Our library has as many books as yours.2）省去谓语保留主语和）省去谓语保留主语和be,have或助动词或助动词Susan has done as much homework as you have.3）省略主语和谓语，保留状语）省略主语和谓语，保留状语She is much better than yesterday.4）省去整个）省去整个than从句从句She is much healthier and happier.7.无比较级，最高级的形容词和副词无比较级，最高级的形容词和副词1。表示比较，特殊意义的：。表示比较，特殊意义的：comparative(ly),relative(ly),special(ly)2。表绝对意义的。表绝对意义的unexpected(ly),entire(ly),excellent(ly),perfect(ly),total(ly),thorough(ly),whole(ly),complete(ly)3。表大小，极限，主观，上下的：。表大小，极限，主观，上下的：extreme(ly），），main,major,chief(ly),senior4。表性质特征的。表性质特征的scientific,wooden,golden,woolen5。表独一无二的，形状的，强调的。表独一无二的，形状的，强调的only,single,round,level,very,own,simply,favorite 几组重要词语辨析几组重要词语辨析1） very 和和 much 的区别的区别 可可分等级分等级的形容词和副词前使用的形容词和副词前使用very 不用不用 much . 表示状态的过去分词前用表示状态的过去分词前用very 。 如：如： a very frightened boy ; a very tired child a very complicated problem以以 -ing , -ed 结尾的分词结尾的分词 多用多用 much , very much , greatly 修修饰。饰。 如：如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.too 前用前用much 或或 far , 不用不用very , You are much / far / a lot too nice. 注意：注意： 修饰修饰绝对意义绝对意义的形容词，一般不用的形容词，一般不用very , 而用而用 quite, completely , well , entirely 等修饰。等修饰。 如：如： quite wrong / mistaken / sure ; completely dead ; quite impossible , quite perfect 等等 。1. more than 不只是（不只是（= not only) Miss Li is more than a teacher. Shes our best friend.2. more than + 数词，多于，超过，相当于数词，多于，超过，相当于over There are over/ more than 70 students in our class. 3. more than与其说与其说 不如说不如说He is more diligent than clever7.请区分下列词组请区分下列词组4.more than 极其地，非常地（=very) They are more than satisfied. 5. This is more than+ 从句 此事非某人所能5. sth is more than + 从句 ( 此事非某人所能 )Eg :This problem is more than I can solve. This is more than I can say.6. more than one 不只一个（谓语动词用单数）不只一个（谓语动词用单数） more than once 不只这一次不只这一次 More than one person _ this secret. 7. more than not more than 不超过，至多不超过，至多 at the most no more than 仅仅仅仅 ， 和和 一样少一样少no moreno more than than 两者同样不两者同样不not more not more than than 前者不如后者；不比前者不如后者；不比 更更 8 . less than (8 . less than (少于）少于） not less than ( not less than ( 不少于）不少于）= at least= at least no less than no less than （和和一样多）一样多）= as much as = as much as 类似地：类似地： no fewer than = as many as 和和一样多一样多 no worse than = as good as 和和一样好一样好 no better than = as bad as 和和一样坏一样坏 no richer than = as poor as 和和一样穷一样穷 no later than = as early as 和和一样早一样早9）否定比较级表最高级的意义）否定比较级表最高级的意义He has never spent a more worrying day.10）no/not+比较级比较级than的特殊含义的特殊含义A is no more careful than B. A和和B一样都不细心一样都不细心A is no less careful than B. A和和B一样细心一样细心A is not more careful than B. A不如不如B细心细心A is not less careful than B. A比比B细心细心11）than后加后加any other+单数名词，单数名词，all other,the others, any other,any of the other, anything else表最高级表最高级She plays the piano better than any other student/all other students/any of the other students/any of the others/anybody else in her class.1.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting.A.heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviestB.2.The _house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.C.little white wooden B. little wooden whiteD.C. white wooden little D. wooden white littleE.3.There are two buildings,_stands nearly a hundred feet high.F.the larger B. the larger of themG.C. the larger one that D. the larger of whichAAD4.It is reported that the United States uses _energy as the whole of Europe.A.as twice B. twice muchB.C. twice much as D. twice as muchC.5.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _to carry all the way home.D.much too heavy B. too much heavyE.C. heavy too much D. too heavy much6.He did it _ it took me.A.one-third a time B. one-third timeB.C. the one-third time D. one-third the timeDAD7.Boris has brains. In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQA.a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highestB.8. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,_.C.our holiday will be better.D.our holiday will be bestE.the better our holiday will beF.the better will our holiday be.BC9._to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A.Brave enough students B. B. Enough brave studentsC.Students brave enough D. Students enough brave10.-Jim has his wife do all the house work!Isnt he wise? -Not really.He is _.A.more wise than lazy B. wiser than lazyB.C. more lazy than wise D. lazier than wiseCC11.After a long walk,she was _ tired that she had to go upstairs and rest.A.much B. enough C. too D. soB.12. Why didnt you buy the camera you had longed for?C.-I had planned to,but I was $50 _.D.fewer B. less C. cheap D. shortE.13.John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies.F.very B. more C. far D. stillDDC14.It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold,so she stood _to her mother.A.close B. closely C. closed D. closing15.Engines are to machines _hearts are to animals.A.just B. that C. what D. which16.I was riding along the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down.-You can never be _careful in the street.A.much B. very C. so D. too17.Have you been to New Zealand?-No.Id like to,_.A. too B. though C.yet D. eitherACDB