义务教育教科书（人教）八年级英语下册义务教育教科书（人教）八年级英语下册Section A(3a-4c)Whichisthehighestmountainintheworld?WhichisthelongestriverinAsia?freezingadj.极冷的；极冷的；冰冻的冰冻的naturen.大自然大自然thickadj.厚的；浓的厚的；浓的1.achievementn.成就；成成就；成绩e.g.Wefeltagreatsenseofachievementwhenwereachedthetopofthemountain.当我当我们到达山到达山顶的的时候，我候，我们有一种巨有一种巨大的成就感。大的成就感。2.achievev.达到；完成；成功达到；完成；成功e.g.Hewillneverachieveanythingifhedoesntworkharder.如果他不加如果他不加紧努力工作，他会一事无成。努力工作，他会一事无成。3.southwesternadj.西南的；西南方向的西南的；西南方向的e.g.IsthisSouthwesternAirline?这是西南航空公司是西南航空公司吗？4.include v.包含；包括包含；包括e.g.Herhobbiesincludeswimmingandgardening.她她爱好游泳和园好游泳和园艺。5.conditionn.条件；状况条件；状况e.g.Thepianowasingoodcondition.这台台钢琴状况良好。琴状况良好。6.takein吸入；容吸入；容纳e.g.Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.鱼用用鳃吸氧气。吸氧气。7.succeedv.实现目目标；成功；成功e.g.Ifyoutryhardyoullsucceed.你如果努力就会成功。你如果努力就会成功。常用短常用短语：succeedindoingsth.e.g.Policehavefinallysucceededinsolvingthemystery.警察最警察最终成功破解了成功破解了这个疑案。个疑案。8.challengev.&n.挑挑战；考；考验e.g.Thejobdoesntreallychallengehim.这项工作不能真正的考工作不能真正的考验他。他。Thenewgovernmentsfirstchallengeistheeconomy.新政府面新政府面临的第一个挑的第一个挑战是是经济问题。9.inthefaceof面面对（困（困难、问题等）等）e.g.Inthefaceofdifficulties,hescompletelyunafraid.他在困他在困难面前毫不胆怯。面前毫不胆怯。10.forcen.力；力量力；力量e.g.Thethieftookthemoneyfromtheoldmanbyforce.窃窃贼用暴力用暴力抢了老人的了老人的钱。WhatdoyouknowaboutQomolangma?TalkaboutQomolangmainpairs.自读文章，在书中划出重点、疑点后，翻自读文章，在书中划出重点、疑点后，翻译下列短语。先独立完成，后小组商议。译下列短语。先独立完成，后小组商议。1.1.最危险的山峰最危险的山峰 2.2.世界上最危险的运动之一世界上最危险的运动之一3.3.登山（名词短语）登山（名词短语）/ /（动词短语）（动词短语）themostdangerousmountainoneoftheworldsmostdangeroussportsmountainclimbing/climbmountains4.4.来自世界各地的登山者来自世界各地的登山者5.5.横亘于中国的西南边界横亘于中国的西南边界6.6.在所有的山峰中在所有的山峰中7.7.厚厚的云层厚厚的云层theclimbersfromallovertheworldrunalongthesouthwesternpartofChinaofallthemountainsthickclouds8.8.更为严重的困难更为严重的困难9.9.寒冷的天气状况和强劲的暴风雪寒冷的天气状况和强劲的暴风雪10.10.首次到达珠穆朗玛峰顶的人首次到达珠穆朗玛峰顶的人moreseriousdifficultiesfreezingweatherconditionsandheavystormsthefirstpeopletoreachthetopofQomolangmaRead the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas.Paragraph1spiritofclimbersParagraph2achievementsofclimbersParagraph3factsanddangers3aOneofthemost_sportsintheworldismountain_,andoneofthemost_placestogoforthisistheHimalayas.Theseextremelyhigh_attract_fromallovertheworld.Manypeoplesaythisisoneofthemost_partsoftheworld.According to the passage, fill in the blanks.dangerousclimbingpopularriskclimbersfamousTheHimalayas_alongthe_borderofchina.Ofallthepeaks(tops),Qomolangmaisthe_andmost_.Its_toclimbQomolangmabecausethickclouds_thetopofthemountain.Evenmoreserious_includethefreezing_conditionsandthe_storms.runssouthwesternhighestfamousthehardestcoverdifficultiesweatherheavyThefirst_toreachthetopofQomolangmaTenzingNorgayandEdmundHillarydiditin1953.ThefirstChineseclimber_thetopin1960,andin1975,thefirst_didittoo.peoplereachedwomanRead the article again, and answer the following questions.1.WhatamountainisHimalayas?2.WhyisitdangeroustoclimbQomolangma?3.WhendidthefirstChinesereachthetopofQomolangma?Itsoneofthemostpopularplacesformountainclimbing.Becausethickcloudscoverthetopandsnowcanfallveryhard.In1960.Read the article again and complete the chart.Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Listtourdangersforclimbers.ListthreeachievementsListtourcomparisonsthickclouds1953TenzingNorgayandEdmundHillarywerethefirsttoreachthetopmostdangeroussport3bsnowcanfallveryhardfreezingweatherconditionsheavystormsThefirstChineseteamreachedthetopin1960.ThefirstwomantosucceedwasJunkoTabeifromJapanin1975.Peoplecanchallengethemselvesinthefaceofdifficulties.Nevergiveuptryingtoachieveourdream.Humanscanbestrongerthantheforcesofnature.Answer the questions using information from the article.1.WherearetheHimalayas?2.HowhighisQomolangma?InthesouthwesternpartofChina.8,844.43metershigh.3c3.Whydosomanypeopletrytoclimbthismountaineventhoughitisdangerous?4.Whatdoesthespiritoftheclimberstellus?Becausepeoplewanttochallengethemselvesinthefaceofdifficulties.Weshouldnevergiveuptryingtoachieveourdreams.theNile theYangtzeRivertheYellowRiver6,6706,3005,500TheYellowRiverislong.TheYangtzeRiverisalot_thantheYellowRiver.TheNileis_ofall.longerthelongestMake sentences using the information in the forms.TheYangtzeRiverisnot_long_theNile.=TheYangtzeRiverisnot_thantheNile.asaslongertheNile theYangtzeRivertheYellowRiver6,6706,3005,500MountTaiishigh.MountHuangisalittle_thanMountTai.Qomolangmais_ofall.MountTaiisnot_high_Qomolangma.=MountTaiisnot_thanQomolangma.higherthehighestasashigherQomolangmaMountHuangMountTai8,8481,8641,5451.ThepopulationofSingaporeislarge.2.ThepopulationofMalaysiaismuch_thanthatofSingapore.3.ThepopulationofChinais_ofall.SingaporeMalaysiaChina4,000,00020,000,0001300,000,000largerthelargest4.ThepopulationofSingaporeisnot_large_thatofChina.5.ThepopulationofSingaporeisnot_thanthatofChina.aslargerasSingaporeMalaysiaChina4,000,00020,000,0001300,000,000大多数形容词有三个级。大多数形容词有三个级。1.原级原级:Structure:as.as.像像.一样一样e.g.TimisastallasTom.2.比较级比较级(用于两者之间的比较用于两者之间的比较):Structure：形容词比较级形容词比较级than.e.g.Thisboxisbiggerthanthatone.3.最高级最高级(用于三者或三者以上的比较用于三者或三者以上的比较):Structure:the+形容词的最高级形容词的最高级of/in.e.g.Tomistheheaviestinourclass.Heisthemostpopularinourschool.规则变化规则变化1)一般情况下，一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容单音节或双音节的形容词词/副词比较级副词比较级er，最高级最高级est。如。如:clevercleverercleverestfewfewerfewestsmallsmallersmallest等。等。2)以以e结尾的词结尾的词，比较级比较级r，最高级最高级st即可。即可。如：如：nicenicernicestcutecutercutestlargelargerlargest3)以以辅音字母辅音字母y结尾的结尾的变变y为为ier或或est如如:easyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiest再如：再如：early,busy,heavy,dirty,lazy也如也如此。此。4)重读闭音节，单辅音结尾的，重读闭音节，单辅音结尾的，双写这双写这个辅音字母个辅音字母er或或est的词：的词：fatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestredredderreddestwetwetterwettestbigbiggerbiggest5)多音节和部分双音节的词多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词需要在形容词原级前原级前more构成构成比较级比较级，themost构构成成最高级最高级。如：。如：beautifulmorebeautifulthemostbeautiful又如又如:delicious,popular,important,interesting,expensive,creative双音节双音节的词如的词如:carefulmorecarefulthemostcarefulusefulmoreusefulthemostuseful少数单音节词少数单音节词也是这样，如：也是这样，如：pleasedmorepleasedthemostpleasedtiredmoretiredthemosttiredb)不规则变化：不规则变化：goodbetterbestwellbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostfarfartherfarthest(距离远距离远)farfurtherfurthest(程度深程度深)oldeldereldest(长幼长幼)oldolderoldest(年龄年龄)1.三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用时，用“the+最高级最高级”的结构表示。的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。例如：词短语。例如：ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.2.最高级可被最高级可被序数词序数词以及以及much，byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，notquite，notreally，nothinglike等词语所等词语所修饰。例如：修饰。例如：Thishatisbyfarmuchnearlyalmostnotnearlybynomeansnotquitenothinglikethebiggest.Howmuchdidthesecondmostexpensivehatcoat?3.表示表示“最高程度最高程度”的形容词，如的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。级，也不能用比较级。4.形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。e.g.Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.5.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。e.g.Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.1.Sheis_than_.A.busier/usB.busier/weC.morebusy/usD.morebusy/we2.Janeis_thanBetty.A.lesstallerB.lesstallestC.lesstallD.notastall3.Chinais_countryintheworld.A.thethirdlargestB.thelargestthirdC.thethirdlargeD.athirdlargestBAA4.Whichis_seasoninBeijing?Ithinkitsautumn.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest5.Whichis_,thesun,themoonortheearth?Themoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallestDD6.IstudyEnglishas_asmybrother.A.hardB.harderC.hardest7.Whichis_,abicycleoracomputer?A.expensiveB.moreexpensiveC.themostexpensive8.TheYellowRiverisoneof_riversinChina.A.longB.longerC.thelongestABC结束语结束语 Great hope makes great man. 伟大的思想造就伟大的人