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中考语法专题三代词第二部分第二部分 语法复习语法复习 考点一:人称代词1.人称代词的分类主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)me(我)复数we(我们)us(我们)第二人称单数you(你)you(你)复数you(你们)you(你们)第三人称单数he(他)him(他)she(她)her(她)it(它)it(它)复数they(他们、她们、它们)them(他们、她们、它们)考点一:人称代词2.人称代词的主格和宾格的区别人称代词的主格通常放在动词的前面动词的前面作句子的主语主语;人称代词的宾格通常放在动词动词或介词介词的后面作句子的宾语宾语。Hewasborninthecountryside.他出生在乡村。Jackwrotetoherlastweek.上周杰克给她写了封信。考点一:人称代词3.人称代词并列时的顺序单数形式:you,heandI(二三一)复数形式:we,youandthey(一二三)You,heandIwillattendthemeeting.你、他还有我将参加会议。We,youandtheyareallengineers.我们、你们还有他们都是工程师。考点自测一1._ am not good at English. Can you help _.? ( 我)我)2. _ is so kind that we all like _. (他)(他)3. Would you like to go with _. (他们)(他们) ?4. Who will take _ to the zoo?(她)(她)Hemethemhimher I考点二:物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主供词和名词性物主代词。物主代词形容词性名词性单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs考点二:物主代词形容词性物主代词只能作定语定语,后面要接名词名词;名词性物主代词起着名词名词的作用,后面不不能接名词名词Theirclassroomisonthesecondfloor.他们的教室在二楼。Hershoesaredifferentfrommine.她的鞋和我的不一样。2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别:注意:双重所有格:“名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”Thegirlisafriendofhis.=Thegirlisoneofhisfriends.Thisisaphotoofmyfathers.=Thisisoneofmyfathersphotos.考点自测二用所给词的适当形式填空1.(1)Thisis_(I)mobilephone,andthatis_(you).(2)_(they)schoolismuchbiggerthan_(we).2.(1)Thegirlisafriendof_(she).=Thegirlisoneof_(she)friends.(2)Thisisaphotoofhis_(teacher).=Thisisoneofhis_(teacher)photos.myyoursTheirourshersherteachersteachers考点三:反身代词1.反身代词的单复数形式反身代词单数第一人称myself第二人称yourself第三人称himselfherselfitself复数第一人称ourselves第二人称yourselves第三人称themselves考点三:反身代词(1)作宾语,位于及物动词或介词之后。Theboycantakecareofhimself.那个男孩子能照顾自己。(2)作主语或宾语的同位语,用以加强语气,放在主语后或句尾。Hehimselfdidthecleaning.=Hedidthecleaninghimself.他亲自做的清洁。2.反身代词的用法考点三:反身代词注意:注意:反身代词不做定语,常用“onesown”表达“某人自己的”。IthinkthatIshouldhavemyownshop.我认为我应该有自己的店。(3)反身代词常用短语teachoneself/learnbyoneself自学byoneself独自cometooneself恢复知觉devoteoneselfto致力于enjoyoneself玩的开心helponeselfto自用saytooneself自言自语 考点自测三用所给词的适当形式填空1.LittleTomfelloffthebike,andhehurt_(he).2.Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewontlearntodependon_(we).3.Howyourauntlearntoplaytheguitar?-By_(she).4.“Help_(you)tothefruit!”Isaidtothetwins.5.Yesterday,Isawtheyenjoyed_(they)inthepark.6.Thework_(it)iseasy.himselfthemselvesitselfherselfyourselvesourselves考点四:指示代词单数复数指近处thisthese指远处thatthose1.作主语、宾语、表语Thisisafan,andthatisanair-conditioner.这是风扇,那是空调。2.在电话中,用this(我)表示打电话者,用that(你)询问对方。Hello!ThisisJenny(speaking).Whosthat?你好!我是珍妮。你是哪位?考点四:指示代词3.that和those常用于比较结构中(比较结构中(as as 同级比较,同级比较,than不不同级别比较),同级别比较),代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。that代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词;those代替前面提到的复数名词。TheweatherinBeijingisascoldasthatinQingdaoinwinter.在冬天北京的天气和青岛的天气一样冷。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.中国的人口要比日本的人口多。Theapplesinthisshoparemuchcheaperthanthoseinthatshop.这家店的苹果比那家店的苹果便宜得多。考点自测四用所学指示代词this,that,these,those填空。1.Hello,_isTom,whois_speaking?2.Thepriceofmeatishigherthan_ofrice.3.Thelightsinyourroomareasbrightas_inmine. thisthatthatthose考点五:疑问代词1.疑问代词的用法及考点疑问代词用法示例who(谁)做主语Whoistalkingthere?谁在那里讲话?做宾语(不能位于介词后)Whowereyoutalkingwithjustnow?你刚才和谁讲话呢?做表语Whoistheboyunderthetree?在树下的那个男孩是谁?whom(谁)只做宾语Withwhomdidyougo?你和谁去的?考点五:疑问代词1.疑问代词的用法及考点疑问代词用法示例Whose(谁的)做主语Theyarebothgoodatphysics,butwhoseisbetter?他们两人都擅长物理,但谁的物理更好些?做宾语Whosedidyouborrow,JimsorToms?你借了谁的,吉姆的还是汤姆的?做表语Whoseisthisdictionary?这本字典是谁的?做定语WhoseT-shitisblue?谁的T恤衫是蓝色的?考点五:疑问代词1.疑问代词的用法及考点疑问代词用法示例which(哪个)做主语Whichisyourfavorite,springorsummer?你最喜欢哪个,春天还是夏天?做宾语Whichwillyouchoose,intheend?最终你要选哪个?做定语Whichcitywillyougo?你要去哪个城市?考点五:疑问代词1.疑问代词的用法及考点疑问代词用法示例What(什么)做主语Whatmakeshimcry?什么事把他弄哭了?做宾语Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?你周末通常都做什么?做表语(问职业问职业)注注意:Whatisyourfather?=Whatdoesyourfatherdo?你父亲是做什么工作的?做定语Whatsubjectwillyoulearn?你将要学什么科目?考点五:疑问代词2.what与which的区别what指不定数目中的“什么”,没有一定的范围没有一定的范围的限定;Which指“哪一个,哪一些”,在一定范围一定范围内特指人或物。Whichskirtdoyouprefer,thisoneorthatone?你更喜欢哪条裙子,这条还是那条?3.who与what在口语中的用法区别Whoishe?他是谁?(询问姓名或身份)Whatishe?他是干什么的?(询问职业)考点自测五用疑问代词what,which,who,whom,whose填空1.-_isyourmother?-Sheisateacher.2.-_isthewomanunderthetree?-SheismyEnglishteacher.3._didyouwanttosay?4._didhewant,apples,pearsororanges?5._areyoutalkingto?6._bookisthis?7.To_didyoutalkjustnow?WhatWhatWhoWhatWho/WhomWhosewhom考点六:不定代词不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。1.普通不定代词主要有:some,any,both,all,another,other,each,either,neither,none,one,afew,few,alittle,little,many,much等。2.常见普通不定代词的用法辨析易混淆不定代词用法示例oneitone与所替代的名词是“同名异物”Myeraserislost.Ineedtobuyanewone.我的橡皮丢了,我需要买一个新的。it指的就是原来的事物,是“同名同物”Iboughtaneweraser,andIgaveittoMike.我买了一个新的橡皮,我把这送给迈克了。考点六:不定代词2.常见普通不定代词的用法辨析易混淆不定代词用法示例someanysome用于肯定句及表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,期望得到肯定回答时Ms.Greenreallygivesussomeusefuladvice.格林女士确实给了我们一些有用的建议。Wouldyoulikesometea?要喝点茶吗?any用于否定、疑问或条件状语从句中Idonthaveanygoodsuggestions.我没有任何好意见。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youmayaskJoe.如果你有任何问题,你可以去问乔伊。考点六:不定代词2.常见普通不定代词的用法辨析易混淆不定代词用法示例eacheveryeach后面可加of,在句中可做主语、宾语、定语、同位语Eachofthemhasaticket.他们每个人都有票。Theyeachhavetheirowntickets.他们每个人都有票。every只能做定语Everystudenthasaticket.每个学生都有票考点六:不定代词2.常见普通不定代词的用法辨析易混淆不定代词用法示例manymuchmany修饰或替代可数名词复数NotmanyfilmsaremadeinFinland.芬兰出品的电影并不多。much修饰或替代不可数名词Hehasmuchhomeworktodo.他有许多的家庭作业要做。bothallboth两者都,表复数复数(bothand两者都)Bothofmyparentsarekeenonsports.我父母两个人都爱好运动。all三者或以上的“都”Allofthestudentshavegottheirbooks.所有的学生都拿到了他们的书。考点六:不定代词2.常见普通不定代词的用法辨析易混淆不定代词用法示例eitheranyeither“二选一”,表单数单数;(eitheror或者或者)Thereareflowersoneithersideoftheroad.路的两旁都种了花。any三者或以上的“任一”Youdontknowanyofmyfriends.我的朋友你一个都不认识。neithernoneneither两者都不,表单数单数(neithernor既不也不)NeitheryounorsheisabletospeakFrench.你和好都不会讲法语。none三者或以上“都不”Noneoftheuslikescomicbooks.我们没人喜欢漫画书。考点六:不定代词2.常见普通不定代词的用法辨析易混淆不定代词用法示例afewfewalittlelittleafew有几个,修饰或替代可数名词复数Illgotobuyafewbooks.我要去买几本书。few几乎没有(否定含义),修饰或替代可数名词复数Hehasfewfriendshere.他在这儿几乎没有什么朋友。alittle有一点,修饰或替代不可数名词MarycanspeakalittleRussian.玛丽会讲一点俄语。little几乎没有(否定含义),修饰或替代不可数名词Thereislittlemilkinthefridge,isthere?冰箱里没有牛奶了,不是吗?考点六:不定代词2.常见普通不定代词的用法辨析易混淆不定代词用法示例anotherotheranother泛指剩下中的“另外一个”ThisT-shirtistoolargeforme.Canyoushowmeanotherone?这件T恤太大了,能给我再拿一件吗?other泛指剩下中的“其他”,后接可数名词复数,不单独使用Somestudentsarecleaningthewindows.Otherstudentsaresweepingthefloor.一些学生在擦窗子,其他人在扫地。考点六:不定代词2.常见普通不定代词的用法辨析易混淆不定代词用法示例theotherotherstheotherstheother特指范围内,剩下的全体Theoldmanhastwosons.OneisinAmericaandtheotherisinCanada.那位老人有两个儿子。一个在美国,另一个在加拿大。others=other+名词复数Somestudentsarecleaningthewindows.Othersaresweepingthefloor.一些学生在擦窗子,其他人在扫地。theothers=theother+名词复数InourclassonlyTomisKorean,theothersareChinese.在我们班只有汤姆是韩国人,其余的都是中国人。考点自测六选择正确的普通不定代词填空1.-Yourdresslooksbeautiful.Wheredidyoubuy_?-InShanghai.Icanbuy_foryou.(one/it)2.Sheis_girl.Sheoftenfeelslonelybecauseshehas_friends.(afew/few/alittle/litte)3.Thereis_waterinthebottle,isthere?(alittle/little)4.Ifeel_tired.(alittle/little)5.Arethere_(some/any)ladiesintheaudience?6.Wouldyoulike_(some/any)water?italittlelittlealittleanysomefewone考点自测六7.-Whichdoyouprefer,colaorcoffee?-_areOK.(随便吧)-_.(都不要)Iwantacupoftea.8.LucyandLilyare_fromAmerica.(both/all)9.Lucy,LilyandTomare_fromAmerica.(both/all)And_ofthemknow(s)Chinese.(Neither/None)10.Therearemanytreeson_sidesoftheroad.(either/both)11.Therearemanytreeson_sideoftheroad.(either/both)BothbothNeitherbothnoneeitherall考点自测六12.Shetriedseveralways,but_ofthemworked.(neither/none)13.Allchildrenarepleased,for_ofthemhasgothisownshare.(each/every)14.Thecakeisdelicious.MayIhave_one?(another/theother/other)15.Mr.Greenhasfourdictionaries.Oneisinthelivingroom,_threeareinhisstudy.(another/theother/other)16.Beijingisbiggerthananyother_inChina.(city)17.Beijingisbiggerthanalltheother_inKorea.(city)nonetheothereachanothercitycities考点八:复合不定代词(1)一般情况下,由some构成的复合不定代词用在肯定句中;由any构成的复合不定代词用在疑问句和否定句中;由no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义。Hesaidnothing.=Hedidntsayanything.他什么都没说。somebody(某人)Anybody(任何人)Nobody(没有人)everybody(每人)someone(某人)Anyone(任何人)noone(没有人)everyone(每人)something(某物)Anything(任何事)Nothing(没有东西)everything(每一件事)考点八:复合不定代词(2)不定代词做主语做单数使用。Somethingiswrongwithherwatch.她的手表出问题了。(3)形容词修饰不定代词要后置。Isthereanythinginterestingtotellme?有什么有趣的事要告诉我吗?考点自测七1.Wouldyoulike_(甜的东西)?2.Something_wrongwithmybike.(be)3.Thereis_intodaysnewspaper.(没什么有趣的)4.Isthere_?(其他的人)nothinginterestingisanyone/anybodyelsesomethingsweet
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