New TOEFL iBTSpoken EnglishLesson SixWarm Up Exercises1. Practice Tongue TwistersTongue Twister No.1A tutor who tooted the flute,Tried to tutor two tooters to tootSaid the two to the tutor,“Is it easy to toot, or tutor two tooters to toot?”Tongue Twister No.2Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. How many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?Tongue Twister No. 3She sells sea shells on the sea shore,The shells she sells are sea shells Im sure.For it she sells sea shells on the sea shore. Then Im sure she sells sea shore shells. Tongue Twister No.4 How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood.Tongue Twister No.5 Spring is gay with flowers and song. Summer is hot and the days are long. Autumn is rich with fruits and grain. Winter brings snow and the New Year again. Tongue Twister No.6 Morning glory in the sun. Here is another day begun. Factories open one by one. Off to school the children run. Work is waiting to be done. Tongue Twister No. 71) This is the house that Jack built.1) This is the house that Jack built.2) This is the malt that lay in the house that 2) This is the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.Jack built.3) This is the rat that ate the malt that lay in 3) This is the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.the house that Jack built.4) This is the rat that caught the rat that ate 4) This is the rat that caught the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.built.5) This is the dog that chased the cat that 5) This is the dog that chased the cat that caught the rat that ate the malt that lay in caught the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.the house that Jack built.6) This is the cow with the crumpled horn 6) This is the cow with the crumpled horn that tossed the dog that chased the cat that tossed the dog that chased the cat that caught the rat that ate the malt that that caught the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.lay in the house that Jack built.TitleSpeakingQuestion1 of 6Time 00: 45OptionsExitOptionsVolumeSimulated Test What would be your dream job? Use reasons and details to support your response. _Preparation Time: 15 seconds Response Time: 45 secondsSample Answer My dream job would have to include the My dream job would have to include the following three characteristicsfollowing three characteristics. . FirstFirst, the , the job should be within my domain of job should be within my domain of interest. This is important because interest. This is important because excellence comes from passion, while excellence comes from passion, while passion comes from interest. passion comes from interest. SecondSecond, the , the job should involve some challenges and job should involve some challenges and requires creative solutions. If it is just requires creative solutions. If it is just boring routine work and can be done by boring routine work and can be done by almost anyone, then there is no sense in almost anyone, then there is no sense in doing it at all. I want to conquer hard doing it at all. I want to conquer hard rocks and solve problems in a new and rocks and solve problems in a new and different way. different way. ThirdThird, there should be a , there should be a cooperative team. I want my colleagues to cooperative team. I want my colleagues to be friendly, understanding and helpful. be friendly, understanding and helpful. That way I will feel relaxed and bring out That way I will feel relaxed and bring out the best of myself. the best of myself. TitleSpeakingQuestion2 of 6Time 00: 45OptionsExitOptionsVolumeSimulated Test Do you prefer to write a paper as a final exam or have a sit-in exam? Use reasons and details to support your response. _Preparation Time: 15 seconds Response Time: 45 secondsSample Answer Well, this is actually a complicated question. My Well, this is actually a complicated question. My preference will vary from occasion to occasionpreference will vary from occasion to occasion. . It It depends ondepends on what kind of subject I am studying. what kind of subject I am studying. If If the subjects to be tested are fact-based subjects, the subjects to be tested are fact-based subjects, such as science and engineering ones, such as science and engineering ones, I would I would preferprefer a sit-in exam. a sit-in exam. BecauseBecause what I need to do is what I need to do is just to learn about the facts, truth, or formula by just to learn about the facts, truth, or formula by heart and write them out to make sure whether I heart and write them out to make sure whether I have mastered them. I dont have to express my have mastered them. I dont have to express my opinions because they are simply true and have opinions because they are simply true and have been put the test for years. been put the test for years. If, however,If, however, I am I am supposed to study subjects in the humanities, I supposed to study subjects in the humanities, I would prefer to write a paper, would prefer to write a paper, becausebecause there is no there is no definite answer to the questions therein. I need definite answer to the questions therein. I need to learn about something and then find relevant to learn about something and then find relevant materials and then formulate my own ideas about materials and then formulate my own ideas about it. A paper would provide enough time and space it. A paper would provide enough time and space for me to explore the subject and think for myself. for me to explore the subject and think for myself. Sample Answer The woman has read the announcement at The woman has read the announcement at the Special Collections Reading Room and the Special Collections Reading Room and found it very inconvenient for her. found it very inconvenient for her. The The inconveniences are caused by the inconveniences are caused by the following reasonsfollowing reasons. . FirstFirst, the reading room , the reading room will be closed on Mondays, but thats the will be closed on Mondays, but thats the time when she would have enough time to time when she would have enough time to do research for her paper. do research for her paper. SecondSecond, she is , she is in the last phase of her research and she in the last phase of her research and she needs access to the rare books and needs access to the rare books and manuscripts, but that room will be closed manuscripts, but that room will be closed to the public. to the public. FinallyFinally, she thinks the library , she thinks the library administration should move the rare books administration should move the rare books to a temporary location, because her paper to a temporary location, because her paper is due only two weeks after the library is is due only two weeks after the library is reopen. reopen. TitleSpeakingQuestion4 of 6Time 00: 45OptionsExitOptionsVolumeSimulated Test (Longman P439)Great Ape CommunicationQuite a few scientific studies have been conducted on communication by the great apes, a group of primates composed of gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. What has been concluded in these studies is that the great apes communicate in a variety of ways that include, but are not limited to, facial expressions, gestures with their appendages, and a variety of calls. The large primates use this wide variety of methods of communication to express a broad range of ideas to other members of their group, such as anger, fear, approaching danger, dominance over the group, or acceptance of members into the group. Sample Answer In this set of materials, we have learnt something In this set of materials, we have learnt something aboutabout Great Ape communications. Great Ape communications. In the reading In the reading passagepassage, , we learn thatwe learn that great apes are able to conduct a great apes are able to conduct a variety of communications with the help of facial variety of communications with the help of facial expression, gestures and various calls. They can expression, gestures and various calls. They can express fear, anger, approaching danger with other express fear, anger, approaching danger with other members of the group. members of the group. In the listening materials, the In the listening materials, the professorprofessor talks about the limitations of the great ape talks about the limitations of the great ape communication. There are two basic limitations in communication. There are two basic limitations in their communication. their communication. No.1 No.1 is a lack of displacement, is a lack of displacement, which means the great apes are unable to talk about which means the great apes are unable to talk about things that are not present when they are things that are not present when they are communicating. communicating. Limitation No.2Limitation No.2 is a lack of is a lack of productivity. That means the great apes, productivity. That means the great apes, even thougheven though can communicate certain ideas, cannot control the can communicate certain ideas, cannot control the communication by reorganizing their facial communication by reorganizing their facial expressions, gestures or calls to produce new meaningsexpressions, gestures or calls to produce new meaningsSample Answer In the listening passage, the woman was having a In the listening passage, the woman was having a problem with problem with deciding whether she should go to deciding whether she should go to graduate school or start working after graduation from graduate school or start working after graduation from college. She hates working and she has applied to grad college. She hates working and she has applied to grad school for a master in fine arts, but she is concerned school for a master in fine arts, but she is concerned with her mounting student debt. They have discussed with her mounting student debt. They have discussed two possible solutions: two possible solutions: solution number 1solution number 1 is that she is that she would go to graduate school, but she will run into more would go to graduate school, but she will run into more students loans and might not be able to pay them off students loans and might not be able to pay them off soon; soon; solutions number 2solutions number 2 is that she should start is that she should start working in a more general area to gain some working working in a more general area to gain some working experience and pay off some of her debts and then she experience and pay off some of her debts and then she could re-apply to grad school when she wants and could re-apply to grad school when she wants and probably she has already changed her interest. probably she has already changed her interest. I would I would recommend the second solution to her, becauserecommend the second solution to her, because education should be directed to employment and the education should be directed to employment and the woman is simply trying to escape the reality. If she has woman is simply trying to escape the reality. If she has to face it anyway, the earlier would be the better. to face it anyway, the earlier would be the better. Sample Answer In the listening materials, the man doesnt know about the guest speaker will give the lecture tonight, but assumes he is coming next week. The woman tells him about a notice posted on the theatre saying that the lecture is tonight. They realize that there must have been a change in schedule and the notice on the theatre is not possibly seen by many students, so they decided to set out telling their friends about the change of the schedule of the guest speakers lecture. Types of Lectures1) A lecture about processes: the professor might describe its functions. Corresponding Answering Format1)In this talk, the professor has given some information about the following process: _. The basic functions of this process are that: No.1, _; No.2,_; No.3,_; etc. Types of Lectures2) A lecture about a theory: the professor might explain what it is and its application. Corresponding Answering Format2) In this lecture, the professor has explained to us a theory called _. The theory came about because _. And the theory can be applied to the following situations: No. 1, _; No. 2, _; No. 3, _; etc. Types of Lectures3) A lecture about a phenomenon: the professor might use examples to show its causes and effects. Corresponding Answering Format3) In this lecture, the professor talks about the phenomenon that _. This phenomenon is caused by _. And this phenomenon will have an effect on the following things. No. 1. _ No. 2. _; etc. Types of Lectures4) A lecture about a concept: the professor might define it by classification and exemplification. Corresponding Answering Format4) In this lecture, the professor explained the 4) In this lecture, the professor explained the concept/definition of _. concept/definition of _. This concept/definition falls into the following _ This concept/definition falls into the following _ categories. No.1, _; No.2, _; etc.categories. No.1, _; No.2, _; etc. The professor also provided the following The professor also provided the following examples to illustrate this concept of _. The examples to illustrate this concept of _. The first example is _;first example is _; The second example is _. The second example is _. Sample Answer to Question 6 In this lecture, the professor explained the forms ofIn this lecture, the professor explained the forms of moneymoney. . The forms of money fall into the followingThe forms of money fall into the following 2 2 categoriescategories. . The first one isThe first one is a narrow definition, in which a narrow definition, in which money only takes the form of coins or paper bills. money only takes the form of coins or paper bills. The The second one issecond one is a broad definition, in which money means a broad definition, in which money means anything that a person uses to purchase something with anything that a person uses to purchase something with and it is called “barter”. and it is called “barter”. The professor also provided the The professor also provided the following examples to illustrate the two forms offollowing examples to illustrate the two forms of money. money. In the first exampleIn the first example, you give dollars to a taxi driver to , you give dollars to a taxi driver to buy a taxi ride, and the taxi drivers uses the dollars to buy a taxi ride, and the taxi drivers uses the dollars to buy vegetables from a farmer. This illustrates the first buy vegetables from a farmer. This illustrates the first form of money; form of money; In the second exampleIn the second example the taxi driver the taxi driver might give a farmer a ride in exchange for some might give a farmer a ride in exchange for some vegetables and this is called “barter”. vegetables and this is called “barter”. In addition, In addition, another concept mentioned in the passage isanother concept mentioned in the passage is “legal “legal tender”. tender”. It meansIt means something the law requires sellers to something the law requires sellers to accept as payments. Only coins and paper bills are legal accept as payments. Only coins and paper bills are legal tenders in America. tenders in America. What should catch your attention?1)Sentence patterns for definition. 2)Example markers. 3)Wh- words. 4)Turing-point signal words. 5)Contingency words. 6)Tone-softeners1) Defining sentence patterns.People think of A as B. A is often referred to as B. By A, I mean _.The term A is defined as _.The concept falls into _ categories. The concept came into being when _. 2) Example Markers. For example For instance such as take _ as an example a case in point is _ in the case of _3) Wh- words What? When? Where? Why? How? Which?4) Turning-point signal words But, However Nevertheless although while on the contrary, on the other hand5) Contingency Words because, since, for, due to the fact that, because of, therefore, so, as a result, consequently lead to, result in, indeed, as a matter of fact, actually6) Tone-Softeners to some extent tend to be inclined to do can may, mightTitleSpeakingQuestion6 of 6Time 00: 60OptionsExitOptionsVolumeLongman ComprehensiveP581.16.1Now listen to the passage carefully. TitleSpeakingQuestion6 of 6Time 00: 60OptionsExitOptionsVolumeLongman ComprehensiveP581.16.1Use points from the talk to explain how the Bank Holiday came into being?Sample Answer In this lecture, the professor talks aboutIn this lecture, the professor talks about a special a special Holiday named Bank Holiday. This Bank Holiday Holiday named Bank Holiday. This Bank Holiday was caused by a serious banking disaster in the was caused by a serious banking disaster in the 1930s when many banks were closed. President 1930s when many banks were closed. President Roosevelt found a solution called “Bank Roosevelt found a solution called “Bank Holiday”whenHoliday”when banks will be closed to reorganize banks will be closed to reorganize its system. The government also passed a bill to its system. The government also passed a bill to give people a deposit insurance by the federal give people a deposit insurance by the federal government. government. This solution turned out to be very This solution turned out to be very effectiveeffective. . FirstFirst, the number of failing banks , the number of failing banks decreased sharply; decreased sharply; SecondSecond, the people avoided , the people avoided losing money because of the federal deposit losing money because of the federal deposit insurance. insurance. TitleSpeakingQuestion6 of 6Time 00: 60OptionsExitOptionsVolumeLongman ComprehensiveP581.16.2Now listen to the passage carefully. TitleSpeakingQuestion6 of 6Time 00: 60OptionsExitOptionsVolumeLongman ComprehensiveP581.16.2Use points from the talk to explain what constitutes creativity?Sample Answer In this lecture, the professor talks about creativity. Even though different researchers have listed different characteristics of creativity, there are two widely accepted components: originality and appropriateness. Originality means you have to solve a problem in a new and different way that no one has ever found before. Appropriateness means your solution should be suitable and should be able to solve the problem without offending people. TitleSpeakingQuestion6 of 6Time 00: 60OptionsExitOptionsVolumeLongman ComprehensiveP581.16.3Now listen to the passage carefully. TitleSpeakingQuestion6 of 6Time 00: 60OptionsExitOptionsVolumeLongman ComprehensiveP581.16.3Use points from the talk to explain why the huge river in South America is named Amazon?Sample Answer In this lecture, the professor explained to us whyIn this lecture, the professor explained to us why the huge river in South America is called the the huge river in South America is called the Amazon. Amazon. There are, actually, two sources There are, actually, two sources contributing to the formation of this namecontributing to the formation of this name. . Source No. 1 saysSource No. 1 says that the name comes from that the name comes from the original inhabitants beside the river. They the original inhabitants beside the river. They called it “called it “AmazunuAmazunu”, which is quite similar to the ”, which is quite similar to the modern name Amazon. modern name Amazon. Source No.2 saysSource No.2 says thatthat this name comes from the 16th-century this name comes from the 16th-century chronicle of the European exploration of the chronicle of the European exploration of the river. In the chronicle, some very brave female river. In the chronicle, some very brave female warriors are just as courageous as those in warriors are just as courageous as those in ancient Greek literature who were named ancient Greek literature who were named AmazonAmazon. . Thus Thus, this name, with the native name, , this name, with the native name, AmazunuAmazunu, together formed the modern name , together formed the modern name Amazon. Amazon. Other Techniques1.Ways to fill in the speech slots. 2.How to prepare at home? 3.How to use movies. 4.How to use the Internet. 1. Ways to fill in the speech slots1)You know2)actually I mean, 3)as a matter of fact4)well5)most probably6)which is quite obvious2. How to prepare at home1)Use the books at hand. 2)Try answering all the questions in the exercises. 3)Time your response. 4)Learn by heart the listening materials in your books. 3. How to use moviesFind the appropriate moviesList of recommended movies:a.a.Scent of a woman 女人香b.b.Pay it forward让爱传出去c.c.Felicity 骚动的青春d.d.Desperate Housewives绝望的主妇e.e.Friends 老友记f. f.Prison Break越狱4. How to use the Internet1)1)Learn to use search engines: www.google.com2) Recommended websites: www.neworiental.org www.imdb.com www.imsdb.com