串联要素法串联要素法 写作方法写作方法串联要素法串联要素法 记叙文的概要记叙文的概要, 一般包括记叙文的六个一般包括记叙文的六个要素要素(who; when; where; what; how; why), 也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。一两句话即可。 当然当然, 不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素素,但但“某人做了某事某人做了某事, 结果如何结果如何”是应当包括是应当包括的。因此的。因此, 要写好概要要写好概要, 须找到以下两个问题须找到以下两个问题的答案：的答案：(1) 谁做了什么？谁做了什么？(who did what)(2) 结果如何？结果如何？(what was the result) 如果是夹叙夹议的文章如果是夹叙夹议的文章, 还要加上这个还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。故事给人们的启示或教育。例例1(2011年广东年广东)阅读下面短文阅读下面短文, 然后按要求写一篇然后按要求写一篇150词左右词左右的英语短文。的英语短文。 When Samfirst got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick(想家想家)and wanted to go homes as soon as possible. He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.写作内容写作内容1. 以约以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；个词概括上文的主要内容；2. 以约以约120个词讲述一次你个词讲述一次你(或你的朋友或你的朋友)想家想家的经历。的经历。解题过程解题过程第一步第一步, 根据写作内容根据写作内容2, 快速获取大意。快速获取大意。解题前解题前, 可以通过写作内容可以通过写作内容2和材料文和材料文体体,快速准确地把握阅读材料的主要内容并快速准确地把握阅读材料的主要内容并形成概要的基本框架。如本题阅读写作形成概要的基本框架。如本题阅读写作内容内容2,并扫视材料可知是记叙文并扫视材料可知是记叙文, 于是可于是可推知推知,本文的概要框架应是：本文的概要框架应是：Sam想家的时想家的时间、地点、原因、影响和结果。间、地点、原因、影响和结果。第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。(1) 谁做了什么？谁做了什么？Sam got to a boarding school and he felt homesick.(2) 结果如何？结果如何？He got sick. He was angry with his parents and felt lonely.第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：如下： 范文范文1：Sam could not get used to the life of the boarding school, and he thought his parents hated him and left him in it, which made him sick, angry and lonely. 范文范文2：In the passage, the writer talks about Sams experience of homesickness. He suffered a lot and felt dissatisfied with his parents after being left in a boarding school. 例例2 (2011年广州一模年广州一模)阅读下面短文阅读下面短文, 然后按要求写一篇然后按要求写一篇150词左右词左右的英语短文。的英语短文。内容略内容略写作内容写作内容1. 以约以约30个词概括这篇演讲稿的主要内容；个词概括这篇演讲稿的主要内容；2. 然后以约然后以约120个词写一篇读后感个词写一篇读后感, 说明说明“诚诚信的重要性信的重要性”。解题过程解题过程 第一步第一步, 根据根据写作内容写作内容2 , 快速获取大快速获取大意。意。写作内容写作内容2说明说明“诚信的重要性诚信的重要性”，扫，扫读原文可以发现该文章是夹叙夹议的记叙读原文可以发现该文章是夹叙夹议的记叙文文, 那么我们可以形成概要框架那么我们可以形成概要框架: 作者讲述作者讲述了一个故事来说明诚信的重要性。这样了一个故事来说明诚信的重要性。这样, 就就有了方向和思路了。有了方向和思路了。第二步：阅读材料第二步：阅读材料, 回答以下三个问题。回答以下三个问题。(1) 谁做了什么？谁做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student. The student had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.(2) 结果如何？结果如何？He was not even allowed the chance for an interview.(3) 说明了什么？说明了什么？Honesty is the best policy.第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文如下： 范文范文1：Today I read an instructive speech, in which the speaker argues honesty is the best policy by telling the story of an overseas Chinese student who couldnt find a job because of dishonesty.范文范文2：The writer tells a story about a Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement couldnt find a job in Germany because of his dishonesty to skip the subway tickets, which shows honesty is the best policy.练习练习1：阅读下面的短文，然后以约：阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。这篇短文的主要内容。短文略短文略 The author happened to pick up an umbrella on a bus and tried to find its owner. She was pleased to find the owner and also got a job offered by the owner of the umbrella.练习练习2：阅读下面的短文：阅读下面的短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。概括这篇短文的主要内容。短文略短文略 (范文范文1) In the passage the writer uses the story of the award-winning farmer who shares his best corn deed with his neighbours to teach us that we all can benefit when we co-operate and share with each other.(范文范文2) The writer teaches us that we all benefit more when we co-operate and share with each other by telling the story of the award-winning farmer who shares his corn seeds with his neighbours.作业作业1：阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。 On a recent Sunday, I was buying groceries in a supermarket when I heard the sound of a car accident. It was close but not very close, so I continued shopping. As I took a right turn on Munadhama Street, I saw a man lying on the ground in a small pool of blood. He wasnt dead. The idea of stopping to help or to take him to a hospital crossed my mind, but I didnt dare. Cars passed without stopping. Pedestrians and shop owners kept doing what they were doing, pretending nothing had happened. I was still looking at the wounded man and blaming myself for not stopping to help. Other shoppers peered at him from a distance, sorrowful and sympathetic, but did nothing. I went on to another grocery store, staying for about five minutes while shopping for tomatoes, onions and other vegetables. During that time, the man managed to sit up and wave to passing cars. No one stopped. No one did anything. No one lifted a finger. The wounded died alone in the street. The only reaction came from a woman in the grocery store. In a low voice, she said, “My God, bless his soul.” An offer of aid could have saved the mans life.作业作业1： From the passage we know that the author witnessed a car accident and found no one helped the injured man. As a result, the man died on the street, which made the author feel guilty.作业作业2：阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。短文略短文略作业作业2： The writer tried to tell us the importance of setting goals through a beavers story. After the beaver built a house for the winter, it set another goal to chew down a big tree and succeeded by working hard. 我们根据说明文的不同类型我们根据说明文的不同类型, 分别给出分别给出三种参考模板：三种参考模板：1. 描写某事物的性质功用。即描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象对象+性质性质功用功用+利好利好”： (In the passage) the writer introduces. (对象对象)to us, especially its.(性质或功用性质或功用), from which we know.(对象带来的利好对象带来的利好).2. 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”： The passage tells us.(问题问题), including.(方法方法1), .(方法方法2)and.(方方法法3).3. 介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象现象+原因原因+结果结果”： (The author/writer said/talks about).(现现象象)of., because /but.(原因原因/本质本质1), and. (原因原因/本质本质2).在高考读写任务中在高考读写任务中, 多为说明某种社会多为说明某种社会现象的说明文。现象的说明文。阅读下面短文阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概括这段短文的个词概括这段短文的内容。内容。 Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives. Without eyes, we seem to be able to do nothing. But, what can we do to take care of eyes? Firstly, we should eat healthy foods. Secondly, dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals so as to relax the eye muscles. Thirdly, having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes. Besides those notices, you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives. Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes, therefore, when going out, especially in summer time, put on a pair of qualified sunglasses. Stay away from smoking. Some ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的致癌的). Last but not least, take regular medical examines to check out the potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化退化). Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations (刺激刺激)and ensure longevity at ease.解题过程解题过程 本文在指出眼睛重要后本文在指出眼睛重要后, 紧接着提出问题紧接着提出问题“为为保护眼睛保护眼睛, 我们可以做些什么呢我们可以做些什么呢”, 然后分三点说然后分三点说明应该做些什么。因此明应该做些什么。因此, 我们可以套用我们可以套用“问题问题+解解决方法决方法”模式：模式： Our eyes are important for us, so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes, including eating healthy food, giving them enough time to rest, knowing some threats, and taking frequent eye examinations.练习练习1：阅读下面短文，然后以约：阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。短文略短文略 (“对象对象+性质功能性质功能+利好利好”模式模式)The writer introduces the idea of a balloon robot, especially how it helps to guide people to their destination without being connected to the Internet, from which we know it may become popular in the future.练习练习2：阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。短文略短文略 (“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”模式模式)The passage tells us how to be a good friend, including listening more to friends talking, offering help when necessary, staying with them and making plans together.练习练习3：阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。短文略短文略(“现象现象+原因原因”模式模式)The author talks about the popularity of advertisements, because they can bring convenience to people but the negative effects should not be ignored.作业作业1：阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。短文略短文略 The passage introduces some examples to show that chemistry is everywhere in our life, especially its good effects, from which we know we should understand it more to help ourselves live better.(对象对象+功能功能) 作业作业2：阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。短文略短文略The passage tells us how to stay healthy with our pets, including washing hands often, wearing gloves while cleaning the pets or their cages, taking them for examinations regularly and giving them proper food, etc. (问题问题+解决方法解决方法)作业作业3：阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。短文略短文略 The passage said Chinese Education Ministry has paid close attention to self-protection education among school students because some knowledge about self-protection may help one survive in case of emergency.(现象现象+原因原因) 议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论, 因因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句和结论句(conclusion sentences)。 其中最主要的是找准主题句。其中最主要的是找准主题句。 概要模板：论点概要模板：论点+论据论据(+结论结论)(2011珠海一模珠海一模)阅读下面短文阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个个词概括该文的主要内容。词概括该文的主要内容。 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.解题过程解题过程第一步，根据文体第一步，根据文体, 找出要点。略读短文找出要点。略读短文, 本文是典型的议论文本文是典型的议论文, 第一段为议点第一段为议点, 第二、第二、三自然段为论据三自然段为论据, 最后一段为结论最后一段为结论, 首尾呼首尾呼应。论点、论据和结论分别为：应。论点、论据和结论分别为：论论点点Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit论论据据(1)we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning(2)build our bodies and become much healthier(3)have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day结结论论getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it第二步第二步, 用自己的话将其表达出来。参考用自己的话将其表达出来。参考范文为：范文为： (范文范文1) The passage mainly tells us getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day. (范文范文2) The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day. (范文范文3) The passage tells us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.阅读下面短文阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概括该文个词概括该文的主要内容。的主要内容。短文略短文略Communication skills play an increasingly important role in our modern society. It is easier for a good communicator to expresses himself and persuades others to accept his ideas, so he is often a leader.作业作业1：阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。短文略短文略 The author holds the view that newspapers still play an important part in our lives, and lists some advantages of newspapers, although the new media like TV and the Internet are becoming more and more popular.作业作业2：阅读下面短文：阅读下面短文, 然后以约然后以约30个词概个词概括该文的主要内容。括该文的主要内容。短文略短文略 A good education plays an essential part in ones life, which can release our potential and help us gain better-paid jobs. Therefore, everyone is supposed to receive higher education.