第40讲词汇运用词汇运用类题目的考点主要是考查学生对单词的拼写能力、词形变化和语法知识运用能力以及词组辨析能力等。试题通常以语篇或句子的形式出现，测试内容以实词为主，虚词很少。测试题型主要有选词填空和单词拼写等。选词填空解题应注意的事项：先对备选的词汇的词性作简单标记，如：名词n.，动词v.，形容词a.，副词ad.等。同时对词义作初步的理解。根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意发现固定搭配关系，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。在填词过程中要注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有“s”不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、习惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。【例1】 根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。(2016，山西)I，make，teach，after，large，control，try，leaf，small，quiet，before，withoutAs a child，I got angry quite easily and was not good at communicating with others.I still remember it was an early autumn.Some _1_ started to turn yellow and the weather became cool.One day，as I was getting ready for school，my mother carelessly handed me my fathers vest (背心) instead of _2_At that time，I was getting to have a _3_ size than my father，so when I put on the vest，I felt as if I wasnt able to breathe！I realized that it was a small mistake which _4_ by my mother，but somehow the breathless feeling was so strong that it made me very angry.My mother said sorry with a smile，but I shouted at her _5_ thinking much.I got it off my body so wildly that I made a hole in it.I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house _6_ my mother could stop me.Later，my mother shared her bad feelings with my father，“See what your son has done.” Instead of saying he would scold (责备) or beat me，my father _7_ asked my mother to mend the vest.Later when my mother told me about my fathers response，I felt ashamed (惭愧的) of my bad behavior.My fathers gentle kindness _8_ me a lesson which I would never forget.On that day，I decided not to let anger _9_ me any longer.Of course，there are times when I am angry.However，whenever that happens，I _10_ to remember my fathers vest.It always reminds me to think about others feelings when I get angry.解析：1.由上文中的an early autumn及常识可知，初秋“叶子”开始变黄，some意为“一些”，其后若接可数名词，应用名词的复数形式。2由下文中的I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house可知，此处应指“我的背心”，空后没有名词，应使用名词性物主代词，结合选项可知，应用I的名词性物主代词mine。3由than可知，此处应使用比较级；由下文中的I felt as if I wasnt able to breathe(我感觉仿佛我要窒息了)可知，“我”比爸爸的块头更大。4由mistake可知，空格处应填make的相应形式，make a mistake“犯错误”，由by my mother及上文的时态可知，应使用一般过去时态的被动语态。5thinking much，动词ing短语作介词宾语，由句意“妈妈笑着向我道歉，但是我没有多想就朝她吼。”可知，应填without。6由空格前后为两个句子可知，此处应使用连词，“我穿上自己的背心就冲出了房子”应发生在“妈妈阻止我”之前。7由asked及下文中的My fathers gentle kindness(我爸爸的和善)可知，空格处应使用quiet的副词形式。8teach sb. a lesson“给某人一个教训”，为固定短语，根据语篇时态可知，应使用一般过去时态。9由下文It always reminds me to think about others feelings when I get angry.(当我生气时它总是提醒我要考虑一下别人的感受。)可知，此处指“我”决定不再让愤怒“控制”自己。10主语之后缺少谓语动词，根据空格后宾语为to remember可知，空格处应为跟动词不定式作宾语的动词，结合选项可知，应用try的适当形式；根据whenever that happens可知，主句应使用一般将来时态。答案：1._2. _3. _4. _5_6. _7. _8._9_10. _leavesminelargerwas madewithoutbeforequietlytaughtcontrolwill try选择恰当的单词填空。每词限用一次。(有两个多余的选项)(2016，青岛)exactly，disappeared，hundreds，example，protect，when，longest，of，symbol，wide，northwest，buildThe Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world.With a history of more than 2，000 years，some parts of the Great Wall have 1. _It is，however，still a very popular place of interest.It is the 2._ wall ever built.Its from Shanhaiguan on the east coast to Gansu Province in the 3._ of China.It is about 8 meters high.The top is 8 meters 4._ and it gets even wider towards the bottom where it is 15 meters.It is made 5._ stone and brick.The top is hard enough for men on horseback to ride on.The wall was built by hand and it took 6._ of years to finish.disappearedlongestnorthwestwideofhundredsNo one knows 7. _when the building of the Great Wall was started.It is believed that the wall was built to 8._ parts of the country during the Zhou Dynasty.Emperor Qin Shihuang joined the separate walls built by the Qin，Yan and Zhao Kingdoms.The wall was not only for protection in the north，it was also a 9._ of Chinas ancient civilization (文明)Today，many of the visitors go to see the wall.10._ they stand on top of a tower and look down on this wall，they cant help (禁不住) saying “Wow，thats fantastic！”exactly protectsymbolWhen单词拼写解题应注意的事项：要根据上下文之意，熟练运用所学词汇。要理解全句，填准词，因为有时英汉并非一一对应。要分析所填单词充当的句子成分，判断所填单词的词性。要注意英汉语言之间的区别。对于有多个相同意思的单词，要选择最符合英语习惯的那个。要规范、工整地拼写出单词，不要因书写而丢分。【例2】 根据短文内容及首字母提示填空，使短文意思完整、连贯。(2016，烟台)Everyone has his dreams of the future.But do you know 1.w_ future really is？I think future is now.That is to say，we 2.m_ treasure (珍惜) every minute and second.There is an old English 3.s_，“Gain time，gain life.”Then what is time？Time is something 4.t_ cant be seen or touched，but we feel it passing by.Time is always with us.We often say “Time is money”，but it is more valuable 5.t_ money，because when money is spent，we can earn it back.But if time is gone 6.a_，it will never return.Thats why we say time is priceless.Grasping the present is grasping the future.As students，we should work hard in 7.o_ to create a bright future of our own.We should 8.m_ the best use of every hour and be the master today.We should do everything as well as 9.p_And never put off what can be done today till tomorrow.Time and tide 10.w_ for no man.If you waste today，you will regret tomorrow.解析：1.分析句子结构可知，空格所在句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，此处缺少引导词。由句意“但是你知道将来事实上是什么吗？”可知应填what。2句意为“我认为将来就是现在。也就是说，我们必须珍惜每一分、每一秒。”must为情态动词，意为“必须”，后接动词原形。3由下文“Gain time，gain life.”可知，此处填saying“谚语”。句意为“有一句古老的英语谚语：赢得时间，便赢得生命。”4分析句子结构可知，空格所在句为含有定语从句的主从复合句，先行词是something，故用关系代词that引导定语从句。5由空前的形容词比较级more valuable可知，此处用连词than表示比较。句意为“我们经常说：时间就是金钱，但是它比金钱更可贵，因为当钱被花掉时，我们能把它挣回来。”6go away为固定短语，意为“离开”。句意为“但是如果时间流逝了，它就再也不会回来了。”7in order to为固定短语，意为“为了”。句意为“作为学生，为了创造我们自己的美好未来，我们应该努力学习。”8make the best use of为固定短语，意为“充分利用”。句意为“我们应该充分利用每一个小时，做今天的主人”。9as.as possible为固定短语，意为“尽可能”。句意为“我们应该尽可能做好每一件事”。10wait for为固定搭配，意为“等待”。句子的主语为time and tide，故wait用原形。该句为英语谚语。句意为“岁月无情(时不待人)”。答案：1. _2. _3. _4._5_6. _7. _8._9_10._whatmustsayingthatthanawayordermakepossiblewait请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。(2016，广东)Like most Chinese，Mr. Zhang has a traditional family.11._ he and his wife are middle school teachers while their 6yearold son is a pupil.Mr. Zhangs mother lives with them and helps look 12._ the kid.They love one another and live 13._ happy life.BothafteraYesterday was Mr. Zhangs mothers birthday.The couple wanted to do something to 14._ their love for her.After a big dinner，Mr. Zhang brought a basin (盆) of warm water and asked his mother to sit in front of the basin.He took off her shoes and put her 15._ into the water.After that，he began to wash them carefully.His wife helped to comb (梳) his mothers hair slowly.Seeing this，the boy 16._ his mothers example.He tried to comb his mothers hair, too.But he was not tall 17._ to do that.So he brought a chair and stood on it.Everyone could feel the warmth and love in the family.18_ we all know，respecting the old and taking care of the young is a good Chinese tradition.We should try 19._ best to care for our family.We must visit our parents as often as possible and 20._ time with them even though we may work far away.Indeed，family is a place for happiness.show/expressfeetfollowedenoughAsourspend