强调句型如下：It was I that/who saw her in the park yesterday.昨天在公园里看见她的是我。(强调主语)It was her that I saw in the park yesterday.我昨天在公园里看到的是她。(强调宾语)It was in the park that I saw her yesterday.我昨天看到她是在公园里。(强调地点状语)It was yesterday that I saw her in the park.我在公园里看到她是在昨天。(强调时间状语)It wasnt until he came back that I went to bed.直到他回来我才睡觉。(一定要注意被强调句型中的谓语动词否定的转移)。【提示】不管强调什么状语，不被强调部分都用that引导。not until的强调句型是考查的重点。区分定语从句和强调句型的方法：强调句型中如去掉It is/was和that后，句子还原仍成立；而定语从句去掉It is/was和引导词后句子中缺少成分，不成立。【对接高考】(2013新课标全国卷)It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.AwhenBthatCwhich Dwhat【解析】句意：直到他读了文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面临的任务很难完成。本句为强调句型，强调了时间状语only after he had read the papers。根据强调句结构“It is/was被强调部分that剩余部分”可知选B项。此外，我们也可以将It is/was与空格去掉来验证此句是不是一个强调句。【答案】B(2)afford v买得起；承担得起；经得起；提供We cant afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。Dancing affords us pleasure.跳舞给我们带来快乐。afford sth.负担得起的费用afford to do sth.负担得起做的费用They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not.他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。【提示】afford常与can，could，be able to连用。2Ford found a way to massproduce the motor car cheaply，making it possible for many more people to own one.(教材P46)福特找到了一种廉价的成批制造汽车的办法，这使更多的人拥有汽车成为可能。句中making it possible for many more people to own one 为现在分词短语作结果状语，可以改为定语从句：which made it possible for many more people to own one。Another disaster hit a mine in Shanxi，causing many deaths.山西又一次发生了矿难，造成了许多人死亡。The boss was arrested，leaving the workers unemployed.老板被逮捕了，工人们也失业了。分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。常见以下形式：v.ing与句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中的谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生。havingv.ed与句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。v.ed与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。beingv.ed与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。having beenv.ed与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。Hearing their teachers voice，the pupils stopped talking at once.一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem，he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。Helped by their teacher，the students finished the task successfully.在老师的帮助下，学生们成功地完成了任务。【对接高考】(2013北京高考) the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.AFind BFindingCTo find DFound【解析】句意：发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。本句的主语为she，与find之间为主谓关系，要用现在分词短语作状语，故正确答案为B项。考生可能会受思维定式的影响而选C项，理解成动词不定式作目的状语。由语境可知，此处不是为了发现这门课程很难，故C项不正确。分析清楚主语与非谓语动词之间的关系是解题关键。【答案】B完成了家庭作业，小男孩被允许看电视。 ，the boy was allowed to watch TV play.【答案】thus causing the delayHaving lived with the girl for 5 yearsWeighing almost one hundred jinHaving finished his homework3base n底部；基地vt.以作基础Some of the car companies，like Cadillac，based their designs on airplanes.(教材P46)一些汽车公司，如凯迪拉克，是以飞机为蓝本设计汽车的。This film is based on a novel by Charles Dickens.这部影片是根据查尔斯狄更斯的小说改编的。be based on以为基础base.on以为根据地；把的基础建立在base.in把作为的据点/总部He bases his designs on Roman mosaics.他以罗马镶嵌画作为自己设计的基础。Our parent company is based in Osaka.我们的公司总部设在奥萨卡。.单项填空1(2013山东高考) at the cafeteria before，Tina didnt want to eat there again.AHaving eatenBTo eatCEat DEating【解析】句意：以前在那家自助餐馆吃过饭，蒂娜不想再去那里吃了。解答本题的关键是分析句子结构。句子的主语Tina与eat构成主动关系，需用doing；再根据句中的关键词before知“eat”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“didnt want”之前，故用doing的完成形式having done，因此本题选having eaten。【答案】A2We will have an exam next week the teaching plan.Abasing Bbasing onCbased on Dbased to【解析】be based on表示“以为基础”，此处用作定语修饰名词an exam。【答案】C3It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.Awho BwhichCthat Dwhat【解析】将题干中的it is和空格剔除，并将剩余部分进行调整可得到“Not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.”所得到的句子结构完整，意义明确，由此可判断题干为强调句型，故空格处应用that。【答案】C4The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance， in the natural light during the day.Ato let BlettingClet Dhaving let【解析】句意：在入口处玻璃门已取代了木门，这样白天就有阳光进来。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示必然的结果，排除A、C；因为此处不表完成，排除D。【答案】B5Would you like to go to the Russian ballet this weekend?Id like .But Im afraid I cannot the time.Ato go；spare Bto；shareCto；afford Dto go；spend【解析】句意：你愿意周末去看俄罗斯芭蕾舞吗？我想去。但是恐怕我抽不出时间来。Id like to后面承前省略了go to the Russian ballet(this weekend)；afford抽得出时间。A项中spare，也有“抽时间”的意思，但第一空答案中应去掉go。【答案】C5Getting up at 500 am. (很适合我)6A guess (以事实为依据的)is called a theory.【答案】1.did great damage to2.visit me frequently 3have been rising/going up4.to connect；with 5suits me fine6.(that is)based on facts