Grammar(关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法) The Attributive Clause（定语从句）（定语从句） 1. 概念概念: 在复合句中，在复合句中， 修饰名词或代词的句子叫做修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词先行词。 引导定语从句的词叫做引导定语从句的词叫做关系词关系词。SheisanEnglishteacherwholikestraveling.定语从句关系词先行词结构：先行词结构：先行词+关系词关系词+定语从句定语从句SheisanEnglishteacherwholikestraveling.定语从句关系词先行词结构：先行词结构：先行词+关系词关系词+定语从句定语从句关系词关系词:1.关系代词: 2.关系副词:whichthat、whowhomwhosewhenwherewhy2.关系词的三大作用：关系词的三大作用：1）. 连接主从句连接主从句2）. 替代先行词（关系词替代先行词（关系词=先行词）先行词）3）. 在从句中做成分在从句中做成分意意义义关系代关系代词先行先行词从句从句成分成分例句例句who人人主主语宾语1.ThemanwhoImettodaytoldmetocomeback.Thereporterwhoistalkingtotheworkerisfamous.whom人人宾语 ThegirlwhomImetlookslikeLily.that人；物人；物主主语宾语1.SheisthepersonthatIwanttosee.Theboythathasjustlefthereismybrother.which物物主主语宾语1.ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyHemingway.Thepenwhichyoulentmeislost.whose人；物人；物定定语Theroomwhosewindowisredismine.ThisisthescientistwhosenameisJohnNash.关系代词- thatthat:既可指人，也可指物，在定语既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语从句中作主语/宾语宾语,且作宾语时可省略且作宾语时可省略.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly. Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious. Whoisthemanthatisreadingabook? Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdaywasBetty. 关系代词- whichwhich:指物指物,在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作主语or宾语，宾语，作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略.Ilostthebookwhichyougaveme.Thisisourschoolwhichisverybeautiful.(一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which v 当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时vall/none/anything/nothing/veverythingvAll that can be done must be done.vWe should make use of everything that is useful.(一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which的情形的情形 v当先行词被当先行词被v all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修饰时修饰时vAll the students that are studying in our class are from Guangdong province.v当先行词被最高级、序数词以及当先行词被最高级、序数词以及 v the only / the very 修饰时修饰时vThis is the only book that I can find in my desk.vHe is the very guy that I want to talk to.vThe first thing that you should do is to eat sth.(一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which v 当主句前以当主句前以which / who 开头开头 的特殊疑问词时的特殊疑问词时 (避免重复避免重复)vWho is the girl that is standing over there?vWhich ball is the one that belongs to Mike?(一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which的情形的情形 (一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which v5 当先行词同时指物和人时, 只能用that.vWe are talking about the people and the things that we have visited in the county.Summary: 只能用只能用that的情况的情况v1. 先行词既有指人又有指物先行词既有指人又有指物v2. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时， 有有the only, the very 等修饰时等修饰时v3. 先行词是先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing等不定代词时等不定代词时v4. 主句是以主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时(二二)只能用只能用which不能用不能用thatv which可以引导可以引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 ，v that不能不能vThe recorder ,which I paid 200 dollars, proves to be very useful.vPeter drove too fast, which was dangerous.v which之前可以有介词，而之前可以有介词，而that不不能能vI will never forget the school in which we studied together.v This is the question about which they are discussing.(二二)只能用which不能用that的情形who: 指人，在定语从句中作主语，指人，在定语从句中作主语，或宾语或宾语 做主语不能省略做主语不能省略关系代词- whoManypeoplewhodiedintheearthquakewerechildren.ThepersonwhohaslittlehairisMr.Zhang.(二二)只能用只能用who不能用不能用thatv 先行词是先行词是one, ones, those, anyone,hevHe who doesnt work hard will not pass the exam. whom: 指人，在定语从句中作宾语指人，在定语从句中作宾语; 作及物动词宾语可省略作及物动词宾语可省略, 但在介词后不可省但在介词后不可省略。略。 关系代词- whomThegirl(whom)yousawjustnowismysister.Themanwhomyoujusttalkedto/withisMr.Li.=Themanto/withwhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.类似的短语搭配有类似的短语搭配有:talkabout/takecareof/lookfor/lookafter/learnfrom/listento等等(二二)只能用只能用whom不能用不能用whov当关系代词前有介词时当关系代词前有介词时vThe girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.(二二)能位于介词后的关系代词能位于介词后的关系代词vWhich vI will never forget the school in which we studied together.vwhom. vThe girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：（1）Whom,which作作介词宾语介词宾语时，介词一时，介词一般可以放在它们的般可以放在它们的前面前面，也可以放在从句，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是如果是原来的位置上，但是如果是固定词组固定词组，不，不能把介词和动词拆开能把介词和动词拆开 Thereisaroominwhichyoucanstudy.whichyoustudyin.Roseisthestudentwhomyoushouldlookafter/takecareof.关系代词关系代词who,which,that,在从句中作在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数人称和数必须和必须和先行词先行词保持一致保持一致。Anyonewho_over20canjointhearmy.I,who_ yourfriend,willhelpyou.isam 注意：作宾语时关系代词可省。注意：作宾语时关系代词可省。1.Themanwho/Imettodaytoldmetocomeback.2.Thegirlwhom/ImetlookslikeLily.3.Sheisthepersonthat/Iwanttosee.Thepenwhich/youlentmeislost.4.Thebestwork_shewroteand_Ihavereadwillbemadeintofilm.Awhich;thatBthat;thatCthat;/D/;/1. This is our monitor whose English is very good. 2. I borrowed a book from the library whose name is “War and Peace”. whose : 既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物, 在定语从句中在定语从句中作定语作定语关系代词- whosevIt is a poor dog.vIts heart is broken.vIt is a poor dog whose heart is broken.The man is shouting for help . The man is shouting for help . His house is on fire .His house is on fire .The man The man whose house is on firewhose house is on fire is shouting for is shouting for help.help.The girl is being taken to a hospital .The girl is being taken to a hospital .Her leg broke in the earthquake .Her leg broke in the earthquake .The girl The girl whose leg broke in the earthquakewhose leg broke in the earthquake is is taken to a hospital . taken to a hospital . Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.IknowthegirlwhosenameisMary.IknowthegirlofwhomthenameisMary.IknowthegirlthenameofwhomisMary.总结：关系代词的用法总结：关系代词的用法成分成分先行先行词指人指人先行先行词指物指物主语 Do you know the man _ came to see Xiao Yang this morning?I couldnt find the book _was bought yesterday.宾语He is a man_ _we should all learn from.The table _you just saw is made of plastics.定语Do you know the boy _ parents are on holiday?Ive never been to the room _windows are broken.who /that which /that who /that /whom which /that whosewhose/ / 怎样判断用什么关系代词怎样判断用什么关系代词口诀口诀: 前看先行词前看先行词, 辩清人或物辩清人或物 后看从句里后看从句里, 有无主宾语有无主宾语关于定语从句的难点,和出错点.1.定语从句的从句部分出现代替的内容.This is the book that I like it best.2.插入语成分.The beggar who I think is poor is in fact rich.从句部分定语从句中的主谓一致问题.1.She is one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting.2.She is the only one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting. ( be ) areis5.在先行词缺少的情况下,要用the one 来补充它的先行词,然后确定它的关系词This is the factory _ I worked last year.This factory is _ I worked last year.This factory is _ I visited last year.where/ in which the one where the one that/ /6.与其他从句和句式的区别与where 和 when 引导的 状语从句的区别.区别的关键就是:是否有先行词.This is the school where I studied many years ago.There were a lot of sheep where I lived.I will never forget the day when I first went to school.We were about to start when it began to rain. in which on which连词; 在那里连词; 就在那个/就这个时候Lets do some exercise!1.Thegirl_isstandingnexttoourteachernexttoourteacherisherdaughter.isherdaughter.2.Thegirl_ourteacheristalkingwith2.Thegirl_ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.isafamoussinger.3.Thegirl_motherisateachercanspeak3.Thegirl_motherisateachercanspeakEnglishEnglishverywell.verywell.4.Icantfindthebook_isborrowedfrom4.Icantfindthebook_isborrowedfromthelibrary.thelibrary.5.Icantfindthebook_youlenttome.5.Icantfindthebook_youlenttome.who/that/ who/whom/thatwho/whom/that/ whosewhosewhich/thatwhich/thatthat/whichthat/which/ 巩固练习：巩固练习： 用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoose the best answers:10.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that11.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it12.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that14.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich15.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_ wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it1.Thisisthebag_mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Iknowthestudent_youborrowedthepen.A.thatB.fromwhomC.fromwhichD.whom3.Isthisthefactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom4.Isthisfactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./练一练！练一练！1.Theman_Isawtoldmetowait.2.Themanto_Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy_fatherisanacrobat.(杂技演员杂技演员)4.Hesawahouse_windowswereallbroken.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.whowhomwhosewhosewhomLets do some exercise!Make sentences with the expressions and pictures.the ship/was the most beautiful in the world at that timeTitanic is the ship _was the most beautiful in the word at that time. which /that_theship/sankafterhittinganicebergTitanic:Titanic:Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.which_/thatRose and Jack are the lovers _met on the ship.the lovers / met on the shipwho/thatRoseJack _ Rosethe lady/met Jack on TitanicRoseismetJackonTitanic.Jackthe young man /wanted to save Rosethe man /wanted to kill JackcalJackiswantedtosaveRoseCaliswantedtokillJack.theladywho/thattheyoungmanwho/thatthemanwho/thatvHe is a famous singervHe is from Taiwan.vHe is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.vDeclan is a famous singer.vHe sings the song tell me why.v vDeclan is a famous singer who sings the song tell me why.He is a little boy.He is eating . He is a little boy who is eating.Thankyou