Grammar learningWho is he?Liu XiangHe was the w_ in the race in 2004 Olympic Games._ makes us happy._ makes us happy.innerLiu XiangThat Liu Xiang was the winner in the race in 2004 Olympic GamesLiu Xiang will visit Shantou city next week._ makes us excited.This big news makes us excited.The big news is _Big newsthat Liu Xiang will visit Shantou city next weekThat Liu Xiang will visit Shantou city next weekWill Liu Xiang really visit Shantou city next week?_is unknown.Sorry, I dont know. Actually it is unknown. It is still a question.I dont know whether _The question is _Question Liu Xiang will really visit Shantou city next week . whether Liu Xiang will really visit Shantou city next week.Whether Liu Xiang will really visit Shantou city next weekThat Liu Xiang will visit Shantou city next week makes us excited.The big news is that Liu Xiang will visit Shantou city next week作表语作表语Predicative, Predicative, 表语从句表语从句作主语作主语Subject, Subject, 主语从句主语从句I dont know whether Liu Xiang will really visit Shantou city next week .作宾语作宾语Object, Object, 宾语从句宾语从句Functions of the red clauses 红色部红色部分的从句在句子中的功能分的从句在句子中的功能名词性从句名词性从句noun clauses在功能上相当于在功能上相当于名词名词, 从句从句用用陈述语序陈述语序. 在复合句中起名词作用的从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句叫名词性从句 ( (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）。）。名词从句的功能相当于名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词词组, , 它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为: :主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句。名词性从句名词性从句辨别下列名词性从句的类别：辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.4.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.5.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. A. that B. which C. whether D. what3. This is _ he was often late for school. A. what B. that C. why D. whetherPractice:主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句二、名二、名词性从句性从句连接接词的用法的用法连接词连接词可使用的可使用的名词性从名词性从句句是否充当是否充当从句的句从句的句子成份子成份可否省略可否省略可否用其可否用其他词代替他词代替thatwhether特殊疑问词特殊疑问词what/where/ when/which等等以上连接词的共同作用是以上连接词的共同作用是:主主/宾宾/表语从表语从句句主主/宾宾/表语从表语从句句主主/宾宾/表语从表语从句句否否否否是是否否否否动词后的宾语动词后的宾语从句可以省略从句可以省略否否否否动词后的宾动词后的宾语从句可用语从句可用ifif代替代替连接主句和从句连接主句和从句 ( (连接作用连接作用) )三、名词性从句连接词的选用三、名词性从句连接词的选用（1）that 和和what 的选用的选用他说的话伤害了我他说的话伤害了我.他说了谎他说了谎, 这伤害了我这伤害了我.1. That he told a lie hurt me.2. What he said hurt me.主句主句主语从句主语从句主句主句主语从句主语从句 hurt me.What he said. (what 代替代替said 后面接的后面接的 sth.) hurt me.He told a lie.说明说明: 连接词连接词that的作用的作用: _说明说明: 连接词连接词what的作用的作用: _只是连接只是连接, 不充当从句中的成分不充当从句中的成分不仅连接不仅连接, 还充当从句中的宾语还充当从句中的宾语（1）that 和和what 的选用的选用that 和和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中词性从句中_，可做从句的，可做从句的主主语、宾语、或表语语、宾语、或表语。而。而that在名词性从在名词性从句中句中_。充当成分充当成分不充当任何成分，只起连接作用不充当任何成分，只起连接作用that / what1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.WhatThatthatwhatwhatif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.4. The question is _ he should do it. 5. I dont know _ he is well or not.6. I dont know _ to go.if / whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether（2）if 和和whether 的选用的选用Summary 总结总结 ( (不能使用不能使用if if 的情况的情况) )：1. if只能用在只能用在动词后动词后的宾语从句的宾语从句,不能用在不能用在介词后介词后的宾语从句的宾语从句2. if 不能用在主语从句中不能用在主语从句中3. if 不能用在表语从句中不能用在表语从句中4. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.5. whether to do 做动词宾语做动词宾语, 不能用不能用if to do.（三）（三） 其它连接代词和副词的连用其它连接代词和副词的连用 主要根据名词性从句中的主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义具体意义正确的选择正确的选择连接代词连接代词who、what、whom、whose、which连接副词连接副词when、where、why、how 等连接词，等连接词，这些连接词这些连接词既具有疑问含义既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用又起连接作用，同时，同时在从句中充当各种成分在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwhere名词性从句在句中要用名词性从句在句中要用_语序语序, ,从句从句的引导词必须始终置于从句的的引导词必须始终置于从句的_1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like陈述陈述总结归总结归纳纳：2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited 句首句首考点考点1 1语序问题语序问题2. Our physics teacher once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than sound.travels总结归总结归纳：纳：3)3)主句的动词用主句的动词用一般现在时一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选从句谓语可根据需要选用用各种各种时态时态1. He said that he will go to the station.3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months. 1 1）主句的动词用）主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用过去过去的某种时的某种时态态2 2）主句的动词用主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句表示从句表示客观事实，格言，谚客观事实，格言，谚语语等等 ，从句谓语动词从句谓语动词用用一般现在时一般现在时wenthas been考点考点2 时态问题时态问题would何时开会还没有决定。何时开会还没有决定。 When the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。When the person was murdered and why he was murdered_(is/are)still unknown.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用谓语动词则用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_形式。形式。 总结归总结归纳：纳：单数单数复数复数hasWhen they will start and where they will go_(have) been still unknown.何时何地开会还没有决定何时何地开会还没有决定。When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .havehas单数单数考点考点3 主谓一致问题主谓一致问题1. I think _ worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. _ is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.itIt填写句子填写句子总结归总结归纳：纳：当当主主语语从从句句较较长长，而而谓谓语语较较短短时时，常常常常将将从从句句_，而而用用_作作为为形形式式主主语语置置于于句句首首。_也可作形式宾语也可作形式宾语。 后置后置itit考点考点4 it作形式主语和形式宾语作形式主语和形式宾语（09天津）9. It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that（湖南卷29）4. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. whichPractices Practices 名词性从句在写作中的实际运用名词性从句在写作中的实际运用: :写作中写作中, ,得高分的方法之一得高分的方法之一: : 改造低级句型改造低级句型, ,让你的英让你的英语靓起来语靓起来What he gave me was not only a Christmas present but also a heart full of love.主语从句主语从句原句原句: :He gave me something. And it was a Christmas present and a heart full of love. 2 2个简单句个简单句名词性从句在写作中的实际运用名词性从句在写作中的实际运用: :Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others. 原句原句: :Some of the happiest people in the world are those people.Those people help to bring happiness to others. Volunteers believe it . 3 3个简单句个简单句前前2 2句可以合成定语从句句可以合成定语从句Some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others. .再与第再与第3 3句合成宾语从句句合成宾语从句Make a summary 总结Finish the notes on the paper.Finish the exercises as homework. Thank you