Teacher: bai yanE-mail:baiyan1blcu.edu.cnChapter 1: Introduction to Computers2021/5/261Chapter 1 ObjectivesRecognize the importance of computer literacyDefine the term computer and identify its componentsExplain why a computer is a powerful toolRecognize the purpose of a networkDiscuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide WebDistinguish between installing and running a programIdentify the types of softwareDescribe the categories of computersDetermine how the elements of an information system interactIdentify the types of computer usersDiscuss various computer applications in societyNext2021/5/262A World of ComputersWhat is computer literacy?p. 5 Fig. 1-1NextKnowledge and understanding of computers and their usesComputers are everywhere2021/5/263How is a computer defined?What Is a Computer?p. 6Produces and stores resultsNextElectronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memoryProcesses data into informationinformationData that is organized, meaningful, and usefulAccepts datadataRaw facts, figures, and symbols2021/5/264What Is a Computer?What is the information processing cycle?p. 6 Fig. 1-2NextInputProcessOutputStorageCommunication2021/5/265The Components of a ComputerWhat is an input device?p. 7 Fig. 1-3Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 Hardware used to enter dataand instructionsNext2021/5/266The Components of a ComputerWhat is an output device?p. 8 Fig. 1-3 Hardware that conveys information to a userNextClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 12021/5/267The Components of a ComputerWhat is the system unit?p. 8 Fig. 1-3Next Box-like casecontainingelectroniccomponentsused to processdata2021/5/268The Components of a ComputerWhat are two main components on the motherboard?p. 8Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU)Also called a processorCarries out instructions that tell computer what to doNextMemoryMemoryTemporary holding place for data and instructions2021/5/269The Components of a ComputerWhat is storage?p. 8Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are storedStorage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage mediumNextHolds data, instructions, and information for future use2021/5/2610The Components of a ComputerWhat is storage media?p. 8DigitalcamerasHandheldcomputersPortable, thin memory cards used in:Next2021/5/2611The Components of a ComputerWhat is a floppy disk?p. 8 Fig. 1-4NextThin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shellA USB flash drive is portable, and has much greater storage capacity2021/5/2612The Components of a ComputerWhat is a flash drive?p. 9 Fig. 1-5NextProvides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip diskSmall and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket2021/5/2613The Components of a ComputerWhat is a flash drive?NextProductCapacity (MB)Interface*Thumbdrive Touch (www.thumbdrive.com)8/16/32/64/128/256/512/1024 USB 1.1Data Traveler 2.0 Hi-Speed(http:/www.kingston.com)128/256/512/1024USB 2.0Handy Steno HT202(www.apacer.com)32/64/128/256/512/1024USB 2.0Audio Steno BP300(www.apacer.com)64/128USB 1.1* 1.1 = 12Mbps, 2.0 = 480Mbps2021/5/2614The Components of a ComputerWhat is a hard disk?p. 9 Fig. 1-6NextProvides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or USB flash driveHoused inside the system unit2021/5/2615The Components of a ComputerWhat is a compact disc?p. 9 Fig. 1-7NextFlat, round, portable metal discCD-ROMCD-RWDVD-ROMDVD+RW2021/5/2616AccuracyCommunicationsWhy Is a Computer So Powerful?p. 10What makes a computer powerful?StorageReliabilityandConsistencyNextSpeed2021/5/2617One type is a modemNetworks and the InternetWhat is a network?p. 10Enables a connection between computersCablesCellular radioTelephone linesSatellitesNextCommunications MediaCommunications DeviceCollection of computers and devices connected together2021/5/2618To shareNetworks and the InternetWhat are the reasons to network?p. 10ResourcesHardware devicesSoftware programsDataTo save time and moneyInformationNext2021/5/2619Networks and the InternetWhat is a server?p. 10 Fig. 1-8NextManages the resources on a networkA client accesses the resources on the server2021/5/2620Networks and the InternetWhat is the Internet?p. 11 Fig. 1-9NextWorldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computersClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Internetbelow Chapter 12021/5/2621Networks and the Internetp. 12 Fig. 1-10Why do users access the Internet?2.Information3.Shopping4.Banking and Investing5.Classes6.EntertainmentNext1.Communications2021/5/2622Networks and the InternetWhat is the Web?p. 13A Web site is a collection of related Web pagesA Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pagesYou can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo communityNextBillions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet2021/5/2623Computer SoftwareHow do you install a software program?p. 14 Fig. 1-13NextA program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Computer Programs below Chapter 12021/5/2624Computer SoftwareWhat is system software?p. 15Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application softwareUtility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programsNextPrograms that control the operations of the computer and its devices2021/5/2625Computer SoftwareWhat is application software?p. 16 Fig. 1-15NextPrograms that perform specific tasks for usersClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Application Software below Chapter 12021/5/2626Computer SoftwareWhat is a programmer?p. 17 Fig. 1-16NextSomeone who developsapplication or system softwareProgrammer writesinstructions todirect computer toprocess data intoinformationJavascript programResulting Internet application2021/5/2627Categories of Computersp. 18NextPersonal computers (desktop)Mobile computersand mobile devicesMidrange serversMainframe computersWhat are the categories of computers?Supercomputers2021/5/2628Computer SoftwareWhat is a graphical user interface (GUI)?p. 14 Fig. 1-14NextAllows you to interact with the software using graphics and iconsControls how you enter data and how the screen displays information2021/5/2629Personal ComputersWhat are the two most popular series of personal computers?p. 19 Figs. 1-181-19NextClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1PC and compatibles use the Windows operating systemApple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)2021/5/2630Personal ComputersWhat is a desktop computer?p. 19 Fig. 1-18NextDesigned so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table2021/5/2631Personal ComputersWhat is a notebook computer?p. 20 Fig. 1-20NextPortable, small enough to fit on your lapAlso called a laptop computerGenerally more expensive than a desktop computerClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Notebook Computers below Chapter 12021/5/2632Handheld ComputersWhat is a tablet PC?p. 20 Fig. 1-21NextEspecially useful for taking notesResembles a letter-sized slateAllows you to write on the screen using a digital pen2021/5/2633Handheld ComputersWhat are Web-enabled handheld computers?p. 21 Fig. 1-23Allow you to check e-mail and access the InternetNextWeb-enabled telephone is a “smart phone”2021/5/2634Handheld ComputersWhat is a handheld computer?p. 21NextUsed by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery peopleSmall enough to fit in your hand2021/5/2635Handheld ComputersWhat is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?p. 21 Fig. 1-23NextProvides personal organizer functionsCalendarAppointment bookAddress bookCalculatorNotepadClick to view video2021/5/2636ServersWhat types of servers are there?p. 22 and 23 Figs. 1-251-27Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computersMainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computersSupercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculationsNext2021/5/2637Elements of an Information SystemWhat are information system elements?p. 24 Fig. 1-28NextPeopleProceduresDataSoftwareHardware2021/5/2638Examples of Computer Usagep. 25 Fig. 1-29What are five categories of computer users?Next2021/5/2639Examples of Computer UsageWhat software is available for a home user?p. 26 Fig. 1-30Next2021/5/2640Examples of Computer Usagep. 28 Fig. 1-33Local area network (LAN)Productivity softwareSpecialty softwareWeb usageE-mailNextWhat software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user?2021/5/2641HardwareExamples of Computer UsageWhat is available for a mobile user?p. 29 Fig. 1-35SoftwareProductivityPresentationPersonal information managerNext2021/5/2642Examples of Computer UsageWhat are the needs of the large business user?p. 30 Figs. 1-371-40NextWeb accessPublic kioskTelecommutingNetwork Productivity softwareSchedulingClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Enterprise Computing below Chapter 12021/5/2643Examples of Computer UsageWhat are the needs of a power user?p. 32 Fig. 1-41NextSpeed and large amounts of storageTypes of power usersEngineersArchitectsDesktop publishersGraphic artists2021/5/2644Computer Applications in SocietyWhat are some examples of computer applications in society?p. 33 Figs. 1-421-49NextEducationFinanceGovernmentHealthcareSciencePublishingTravelIndustryClick to view video2021/5/2645Summary of Introduction to ComputersThe importance of computer literacyThe computer and its componentsWhy is a computer so powerful?What is a network?The Internet and the World Wide WebInstalling and running a programTypes of softwareCategories of computersElements of an information systemTypes of computer usersComputer applications in societyChapter 1 Complete2021/5/2646